US1239776A

US1239776A - Process of producing heat.

Info

Publication number: US1239776A
Application number: US14772317A
Authority: US
Inventors: Carleton Ellis
Original assignee: RADIANT HEATING Ltd
Current assignee: RADIANT HEATING Ltd
Priority date: 1917-02-09
Filing date: 1917-02-09
Publication date: 1917-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 1934-09-11

Description

C. ELLIS.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING HEAT.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-6, 19x1. REMWED FEB. 9. 1917.

1,239,??6 PatentedSopt. 11, 191?.

V In V611 tor: L

i fractory material a current of hot producer gas and a current of preheated air; posi GABLETON nLLIs, or'iitonronnm; cnnw -.'rnnsny, nssrenon'ro RADIANT HEATING LIMITED, OF AR'MLEY, LEEDS, YEITGLAND, A CORPORATION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

1,2393%. Application filed meme 6,- 191 1 To all whom it mag concern? I I face combustion-and the production of high Be it known that I, Qnnnnron -Ennis, a. 'citizen of,the United States, and resident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 11,1"PI'0C8SS6S of Producing Heat,of which the following is a I specification. p I Q This invention relates to processes of c'onducting-combustion in furnaces or other heating appliances and relates in particular to processes involving the phenomena of surradiative effects in furnaces, diaphragm bodies and the like; all as more-fully herein-. after described and as claimed.

The usual process of surface combustion due speed of travel of the explosive mixture,

a speed which may even be prohibitive, is called for.

The process of the present invention in- 'volves the regulation and control of surface combustion under such circumstances in a predetermined manner, and comprises 1ntroducing into a porous mass or bed of retioning the loci of confluence, within the porosities of the mass of granular material, of the agents of combustion with respect to the pre-ignitive characteristics of'the pro-. ducer' gas, the temperature of the preheated air, and the permeability of 'the' porous mass; causingv combustion to take place in said mass,whereby a predominating degree of surface combustion is' secured andsimultaneously the development 'of a maximum of radiant heat; absorbing-the major portion of said radiant heat in the performance of useful heating operations ;"withdrawing. the waste products of. combustion; and regeneratively transferring a portion f the hgat according to circumstances.

troduced mocess or rnoiiucme HEAT.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept, 11, 319117,, er'ialNoLGGfiOL; Renewed February 9, 1917. Serial No. 147,723.

of the latter to suitably preheat the combustible gas or air or both, or a portion of each,

' The conditions governing such an operation are as follows;the various combustible gases used in industrial heating processes, such as natural gas, illuminating gas; water gas, hydrocarbon vapor gas, coke oven gas, Mond and producer gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxid, blast furnace gas, and the like, have, when mixed with a suitable amount of air or other supporter of combustion, differing rates of inflammation or explosive propagation which depend, essentially, on their pre-ignitive characteristics. The temperature of the gas and air just prior to admixture also materially modifies V the speed. of explosive ropagation, increase of initial temperature aving an accelerating eifect. Pressure likewise exerts aninfluence although this is relatively slight under ordinary furnace conditions where the pressure is usually nearly atmospheric. However with considerably increased pressure or operation of a furnace under the suc- .tion principle this factor must be given some consideration. Another factor is the permeability of the porous mass on which, at constant pressure, the rate of travel of the agents of combustion also depends.

In applying the prodess of the present invention to,for example, a mufile furnace or gas retort furnace, the space between the walls of the furnade and the muflie is largely filled with fragme ts of granular refractory material of a size in part depending on the size of the muffle chamber, but ranging. usually from oneinch to three inches in diameter. A regenerator or recuperator is .provided to permit of preheating the air, and gas-also if-desired. The gas and air are in- .into the combustion chamber through ports which closely approximate but whose spacing depends upon the char acter and temperature of the incoming agents of combusti n, so vthat the loci of confluence, within t' e porosities of the mass of granular material,,may be predetermined 100 and the'regulati n, and control of surface combustion with lprelieated gases secured. The ports ,for the enti y of the gas and air may be situated at or near the top of the furnace structure so that-the top of, the

mufiie receives the maximum heat, causing the material in the muffle, whether mineral matter, coal and the like, to be exposed to a very high degree of radiant heat. The exit 'ports insuch a case may be at or near the muflie 10 and the outer furnace walls 11 is.

filled with a mass of granular refractory material 12. This granular material forms the porous and permeable combustion bed which, as shown, completely surrounds the inufiie. The combustible gas. and air are injected into the combustion bed through inlet pipes or nozzles 13 and 14: arranged in oneor more pairs, each pair including a gas inlet and an air inletset comparatively close together andrelatively adjustable to vary the space between them as may be required according to the character and temperature of the incoming agents of combustion. As shown, two such pairs of gas and air supply nozzles are provided arranged for injecting the gas and air through the top of the furnace into the upper part of the combustion bed and an exit ort is provided in the bottom wall of the urnace to permit the products of combustion to pass out through a discharge pipe 15. The gas and air may be supplied under suitable pressure from any suitable source or by suitable means such as the pumps 16 and 17 respectively, as shown, the gas passing from the pump 16 through pipe 18 to the nozzles 13, and the air passing from the pump 17 through pipe 19 to the nozzles 14. For adjusting the spacing of the nozzles of each pair in the construction shown the air nozzles are carried by a section of pipe which has -a sleeve-connection with the main ortion of the pipe 19 and is adjustable as y means of a screw 20 to move the nozzles 1 1 toward or from the gas nozzles 13, suitable slide plates '21 being provided to close the opening in the furnace wall through which the nozzles extend. For pre-heating the air supplied to the nozzles 14, the pipe 19 leadin from the air pump passes through a charm er 22 through which pass the products of combustion from the discharge pipe 15. 1 If it is desired to preheat the combustible gasas well as the air, the gas supply pipe 18 may also be passed through the heating chamber 22 for a greater or less distance as may be found desirable. The supply of gas and air may be controlled by suitably regulating the pumps or by means of

valves

25 and 26 arranged respec- .material of the bed at the points or places where intimate mixture or confluence of the.

gas and air takesplace.

What I claim is 1. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated porous and permeable bed 'ofrefractory material currents of gasand air to com- ,m'ingle within the bed andjto cause combustion to take place-adjacent the highly heated interior surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and air, and positioning the points or places of confluence of thegas and air with respect to the preigni tive characteristics of the gas and the respective temperatures of the gas and air.

2. Theprocess of producing heat which comprises injecting intoa highly heated porous and permeable bed .of refractory material a current-'oflaoombustible gas and a current of a supporter of combustion to commingle within the bed and to cause combustion to take place adjacent the highly heated interior surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and the comustion supporter, and positioning the points or'places of confluence of the gas andcombustion supporter withrespectto their respective initial temperatures.

3. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated porous and permeable bed of refractory material a current of a combustible gas and a current of a supporter of combustion to commingle within the bed and to cause combustion to take place adjacent the highly heated interior surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and the combustion supporter, and positioning the points or places of confluence of the gas and combustion supporter with respect to their chemical characteristics.

4. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated porous and permeable bed of refractory material' a current of hot gaseous combustible and an adjacent current of preheated air to commingle within the bed and to cause combustion to take place'adjacent the highly heated interior surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the combustible and air.

5. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated porous and permeable bed'of refractory material a current of gaseous combustible and a current of preheated air to commingle w thin the bed and to cause cgmbustion to take place adjacent the highly heated surcombustion, and regenem'tively transferring faces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and air. a

6. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated porous and permeable bed of refractory material a current of combustible gas and a ourrent of regeneratively heated air to commingle within the bed and to cause combustion to take place adjacent the highly heated interior surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and air, and position ing the points or places of confluence of the gas and air with respect to the preignited characteristics of the gas, the temperature of'the air and the permeability of the bed.

7. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated p0- rous and permeable bed of refractory material a current of combustible gas and a current of air to commingle Within the bed and to cause combustion to take place-adjacent the highly heated interior-surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and air, Withdrawing the hot products of a portion of the heat of the products of 001m bustion to .at leastone of the entering agents of combustion. a

8. The process of producing heat which comprises injecting into a highly heated porous and permeable bed of refractory material a current of combustible and a current of air to commingle Within the bed and to cause combustion to take place adjacent the highly heated interior surfaces of the bed at the points of confluence of the gas and air, Withdrawing the hot products of combustion, and preheating the entering gasand air by transferring thereto a portion of the heat of the withdrawn products of 001m bustion.

Signed at Montolair, in the county of .Essex and State of New Jersey, this 5th day of December, A. D. 1911.

CARLETON ELLIS. Witnesses: CHARLES WRIGHT, CHAS. HARRISON.