US1230417A

US1230417A - Process of employing heat for the production of power.

Info

Publication number: US1230417A
Application number: US10981116A
Authority: US
Inventors: Samuel Morris Lillie
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-07-17
Filing date: 1916-07-17
Publication date: 1917-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 1934-06-19

Description

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INVENToR:

Patented J une 19, 1917.

y APPLICATION FILED APR-1b. 19H. RENEWED JULY II |916.' ,417.

S M LILLIE PROCESS 0F EMPLOYING HEAT FOR THE PRODUCTION 0F POWER.

"UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE. 1

SAMUEL MORRIS LILLIE, OF,v PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

' by caused'to revolve and produce power,

PROCESS OF EMPLOYING HEAT FOR THE lPRODUCTION OF POWER.

Patented J une 19, 1917.

Application led Api-i1 15, 1914, Serial No. 831,892. Renewed'luly 17, 1916 Serial No. 109,811.

To all whom itmay concern.'

Be it known that I, SAMUEL MORRIS LIL- Lrr. ay citizen of the United States, residing at l)hiladel hie, in the county of Philadelphia and tate of Pennsylvania, have in vented a new and useful Process of Employing Heat :for the Production of Power, of which the following is a specification.

My process consists in heating a liquid, water will be referred to as an example in the following, to a higher temperature; in leading the heated Water into a 'series of inclosed spaces in .succession through suitable lnterconnecting piping, in which spaces the pressures are A maintained progressively lower than the boilin pressure of the heated water,'in virtue of. a lof which there is in v each inclosed space a dashing into steam of a ortion of the water as it enters the space rom the pipe leading the Water into it; in

employing 1n connection with each inclosed space a suitable motor in which the momentuin or pressure of the entering water "and flashing steam' is used for producing power; and` finally in`taking the cooled water as it cornes-from the last and coolest space and deliverin the Water back into the Water heating eviceto be heated preparatory to another passage through the series of spaces and` vtheir connected motors. On iftsway back from the coolest" incloscd space and motor to the heating device the water is passed through series oi condensers, one foreachofl-the spaces hotter than the-coolest space, and' in, the order of their increase ing tern eratnres,` whereby "the lreturning water is elated to yrogressiyely highertem-` peratures -hy the ash steam' of the Several lnclSed Spacesafter it has been employed-in the power producing Vmotors off the several spaces;- In ythe accompanying drawings the motors shown are impulse Wheels, onen each'inclosed space, on the venes Aof which the :entering l hot water and -fiashing steam imping flOm 'a' Suitable nozzle, and is there- `n the succeeding 'portionsv of this. specilicat'ion the term vmotorl nozzle andl 'impulse Wheelf andthe cese which includes it andits space. 'apparatusl shown forheating; the water. preparatory to its .journeyfthrough ther series ofmotors .is

will be employed. for -a one in which the lwater is brought into intimate contact with hot products of combustion under a pressure which will permit of imparting the desired temperature to the water, i. e. a pressure equal to or 'above the boiling pressure of the water at the said desired temperature. To this end the combus tion of the fuel from which the said products of combustion come is ellected under pressures equal to or greater than the required pressure for the products of combustion.

In the drawingsis shown a series of five motors, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 each connected by a vapor main E with its condenser C, which is of the surface condensing type. H is a heater bywhich the wa'ter is heated in the manner stated.

Theheater employed for purposes of illustration in thedrawin vs is shown in vertical section. It -consistso a vertical column H, closed" et topf and bottom which has in its upper length a `numher vof horizontal perforated partial 4partitions or yshelves t touching alternatelyV opposite Wal-ls ofthe column. The lower length 'of `the. column is surround*- e'd by a water? jacket R, which jacket at its. upper endis incornmunication .with the in terior of .the columnl abovev the uppermost perforated: shelf by thepipe K', and at its lower endfis in com'niunicationl thrQlvli-gh the pipe K, with the surfacecondenser ofthe hottest motor l, 4as hereinafter" described, a, chamber which: wfillfbe termed-the" come b ustion chamber?" opensthrough tjhowa'ter jacket into ,the column at aV suitable dis# --tanceiabove Ithe bott'orngof the column. An oilbulnerm-.opens through! the.- end of the' combustionchamber opposite the. col# uinn H. Leading' tothe burner are twopipes Zf andI h, the latter .of 'which leads oil-'tothe burner, andiV the` .other Jair, bothl .under pressure` greater thanv that inthe-column. gThel gort itsfcombusti'oni The walls ofthechan-l 1er S are of suitablernaterialfand construe` tion `to resist theterri'peratures due` tfthe burning vele cated in :the drawings isfthat" exertedby Theehuis `inelosxigy the; nel: "umn H, water ijfacket Rj, and combustion chamber S, are suiciently :strong-:tofresist the internal workinggpressures' the one ,indii loo.

about 250 lbs. gage pressure. The top of the column H is connected to a motor L, adapted to use a mixture of as and steam by a pipe O which is fitted with an adjustable safety valve M by which is re lated the pressure at which the gases andglsteam shallpass to the motor: these latter escape from the motor by the exhaust pipe Q, and may be used for heating purposes if'conditions favor such use. The motor is con'- nected to a rotary air compressor W which supplies compressed air `to the yburner -m through the pipe Z. From the bottom of the column H a water conducting pipe A', fitted with a hand valve o, leads to a nozzle J, of the first mi tor 1, which nozzle delivers against the buckets of the impulse Wheel ,of that motor, lThe motor Lis shown invertical section to disclosel its internal construction, as is also the surface condenser C of motor 1. The five motors are all alike in construction; their surface condensers C too have all the same construction and have simigl lar pipe connections to their respective motors.

' Referring to the drawings and to motor 1, P is an impulsewheel, shown of the Pelton type, inclosed .in a case D, which below opens into the well B. .Into the case D pro-1 jects a nozzle J, properly located and formed to deliver .an entering liquid into -and against the buckets of the impulse wheel and cause it to revolveand deliver power to a pulley d, (see the other motor-s)` fitted externally to the case upon the shaft of the'wheel, from which pulley power may be taken as by a belt. To this nozzle leads a pipe A', from the bottom of the heater In the well Bju'stl below the passage between it and the wheel case D, is a deflecting plate which extends f rom one side of the well nearly to the opposite side. From beneath this plate a: wlth its mouth protected bythe `samea vapor main'E leads from the well into ythe upper part of the tube chamber, b', of the surface condenser C', which is shown lin vertical section in the drawings. This condenser as-shown is of the 'tubularty e. It `consists ofa battery of vertical tu esA extending through chamber 6, above through a septum or tube plate into a water 'receiving chamber a, and below through another septum or'tube plate into the Water delivering chamber 0. A- pipe K leads from the chamber c into the water jacket R of the heater H, and into. the chamber a' leads a v pipe K from thebottom of the condenser Cof the` next coolest motor 2; These condansers are all similar and'whatever may-be herein said regarding the construction of the condenser of motor 1 is true for all 'the other condensers. From the tube chamber f near the bottom a drain pipe pe, vfor conden-'.

- sation, leadsl into ths'akvapor main E: its' U motor.

form causes the condensation (water) passingthrough it to form a trap which prevents vapor passing through it from the main E into the condenser. Returning to motor 1; below the mouth of the main E, the well contains a perforated horizontal shelf z. Below it near the bottom of the Well B, a water pipe A2 leads to the nozzle J of the next cooler motor 2, and receives the air pi e n which leads from the bottom of the tu e chamber b of the condenser of motorl. The l into the tube chamber b at a little higher elevation than does the drain pipe e, so that no Water will escape through 1t from the tube chamber. The pipe A2 is fitted in the well B with balanced valve u operated by a fioat o in a familiar manner, to maintain a sealing column of Water in the well B, and to prevent'vapor passing from B into the next coolerl motor throughl the pipe A2.

The top or aP-chamber of each condenser receives water through a K-,pi e from the `bottom -(chamber 0) of the con enser of the next cooler motor, with the exception of the condenser C of the coolest motor, which condenser receives cooling water by a pipe G from some extraneous source which water passes from the bottom of condenser by the pipe F away from the system of apparatus connects to ,the A pipe which leads from the Well B of its motor to the nozzle J, of the next lcooler motor, with the exception of the air pipe N of the condenser C5 of the coolest motor, which pipe leads to the vacuum or air pump V. AThe well B off each motor excepting the coolest one, isfconnected by a float pipe n is supposed to .open

valve-controlled Water pipe A with the no vz- 'i zle 'J of the next cooler` motor. From the bottom of the well B lof the coolest motor 5, the pipe A1 delivers to the pump I, which in turn delivers it to the top-.of lthe'condenser C* of the motor The mode ofoperation of the system of apparatus given in the drawing', andV described above, in illustration of my invention is as follows:

'.Water showering down through the heater.

H is' heated by-direct contact with products of combustion which result from the 'burning of oil, or other suitable fuelfbrought to -the burner m, say by the pipe h by means of air delivered to the burner through lthe pipe l. The gaseous products of combustion How from the combustion chamber Sinto the heater H, and with a general upward movement low back and forth across the column next hotter 'thanthe coolest of showering water, as directed by the partial partitions or shelves t and having imparted more or less of their heat 4to the Water, escape proportionately cooled from the top of the heater by ipe O to a. motor L, to the vacuum pump Q7 or to an other suitable kind of motor-in which; assisted by more or less steam which escapes from the heater With them, the gases produce-.power which may be used for various purposescompressing air, for example, for use in the burner m. The temperatures to which lthe water. will be brought in the heater H will depend upon the pressure maintained in the heater which pressure is controlled by` the adjustable relief valve M in the pipe O( In the drawings this valve M is assumed to be set to open at or above the pressureof 'ater or saturated steam, corresponding to a telnperatu-re of 4:0()O F., viz: about 250 lbs. per square inch above atmospheric pressure. As before stated the oil and air are delivered to the burner m at a sufficiently high pressure to cause a proper operation Vof the burner m and combustion of the oil in the 'the outlet pipe A with respect to the gases and vapors in the heaten In the well B of each motor` ,the water automatically malntained by the float valve, Istands well above filled with Water.

the inlet to Vthe iioat valve u and traps the same with respect to the vapors in B, and the 'Water spaces of allA4 tlie condensers are The .course of the Water through` the systemis from the bottom-fof `the yheaterwH, as controlled by the4 hand valve fa, throughan Af pipe into the hottest motor 1, andthen bythe A `pipes from motor to motor vin succession, thenl frm the coolest motor 5by the pipe-Ai to the lpump I by which the `water fis forced through the K pipes and the surface condense'rsof all the motors, but the coolest Inotr, inthe order of their 'increasing .temperatures, viz.: through the. condensers of fthe -inotors 4, 3*, 2, l, into the` WaterjacketiR of the heater, and thence -by lthe pipe K into the heater H *uponV its uppermost4 perforated yplate t,

whence it showers down to the waterzcolumn in the bottom of theheaters, being' heated in its fall by the` hot products of combustion fiowing into :the l heater` from the combustion chamber-S, as hereinbefore set forth. The flow (5f-Water from motorrto motor, `a'nd to 'the .pump'\Ifr omj4 thev coolest motor, and

thenceback throughv the condensers to the Water heaterLH, is Aautomatically' controlled by the ioat `valves u and fica-ts o in the Wells l B ofthe respective motors: the ioa'ts as they rise increasingly open the valves, and as they fall increasingl close the same. The result of this is that t e rate of flow or circulation through the closed series of apparatus is controlled by the hand valve o or other device in the water pipe A leading from the bottom of'the heater H to the nozzle J of the hottest motor 1;-in proportion as this valve o is opened is the rapidity of the circulation of the water through the series of apparatus. In this pipe Ai may bel, located a governor valve for maintaining a uniform rotation speed of the impulse wheels by automatically varying the quantity, of water passing through the pipe. Water maybe added to the' Water in circulation by o 'iening the valve cin the' pipe y, which lead from the Water main (lr into the 'condenser of the coolest effect 5, below the upper tube plate of the condenser: thisivater joins the'con densed vapors from the motor o, and flows into the well B of that motor through the e pipe and E pipe leading to the latter. later may be taken from the water in cir culation by opening valve m of the pipe 'r which branches from the Ki pipe leading Afrom the pump Iby opening valve w.

The cooling water -from'the main G passing through the tubes of the condenser C5 in connection .with the vacuum or air-pump V maintain in the tubeicharnber of the' con denser and in the connected motor 5, a certam absolute pressure, and the temperature of the water 1n the motor 1s its boiling temperature at that pressure. Inthedra'wing's' inr than in 3 and higher in 1 than in 2, for the reason that the cooling Water used in the co'ndensers is the water which leaves they motor `5V (at `100 F. in the example of the drawings) and that it all passes 4through the condensers of motors 4L, 23, 2 and 1 in succession in theorder named. The temperaturesin the several motors are automatically adj ust-V ed. It is assumed that the total fall in temperature is equally divided between theelements Vof. the apparatus; in thc drawingsthe several temperatures are taken to Vbe 400 F.

(250 lbs. gagev pressure about) in the heater Y H, and 340, 280, 220,16() andlOO 'in the inotors l, 2, 3,44 and respectively. The Water,` on its Way from theccolest motor to ythe heater, leaves veach `condenser necessarily cooler than the, temperature inthe corre-1 sponding motor but,` for simplicityssake,

the temperatures noted for the water in thev for itcomes fronra source extraneous to the forms thi-oo ln'nit thc mass of the flowing i `water in iin'rcasiig.proportions as the water approaches its discharge from the nozzle .lagainst the buckets of the impulse wheel l". The weight ot' water which thus turns to `steam is whatever is i'iecessarj' to absorb as latent lient the sensilileheat the enteringr water loses in ft'allingr to the. ten'iperatiircin motor 1. The .steam in forming and also in expi-iln'ling as it ,mores tothe discharge from the nozzle!) imparts to the water an incre-as ing velocity and eliergv with a rorresiiionding' eoiidensatirni of flash steam and this :ic-

cumulated energyY and that ofthe reu'i'aining steam is imparted to the impulse wheel P. to a degree depending upon the ellcieuryof the wheel and upon the proportion ol'l ihn enteringr water and lsteam which iinpiiig'e on the wheel. Froni tlie buckets of the wheel both water and steam pass into the wcllB of the moi or. the water falls to the bottom of the well while the. steam passes through the pipe, E into .the tube chamber l; ot the coni deIisei-,C .in which itis coiidensed 'to water. This condensationf (water) gravit-rites to the hottonifoi the said cha-ailier and passes through the trap tube e. into' the rapor 'pipe l. and down it against the rising vapors into Y the well B. upon the perforated plate and thence in aslnnrcr through .the steam space, below to the waterat the bottom of the well` This returned fconden'sation represents all the water which went to the condenser C from n'iotor l either as steam.l or as entrainment in the slcain. and conseque'i'itly the water which will pass 'troni the motor l` to the niotoi' :3. will he :1li-v saine in weight as thlitwhieli ciitercd the' motor l "from the heatrll. The condens-2i ""on in returning to the water in the well' of the motorl is heated approximately to zthe temperature 'of the/water in .the well'h)v ythev steam 'through whichit falls in the pipe E and in the well )B. The operation of each' of the other tors and its condenser. is similar to that' f thejmotorl `and its condenser C. with the exceptionfol the. ein' lenser of the coolest motor which litters in that the cooling water apparatus of the drawing, and alsoin that the'incondensalgile gases pass t rom through "'a connecting pipe QN) to an an' pun'ip instead Of th-I'Qllgh aan pipe into the A p leading to a next cooler motor. T he, gases escaping from each hott-er .effect condenser eventually find their way through the inter- -vening' motors, condensers and n and A pipes for exhausting the air.

Power ma;7 be taken from the shafts of the impulse wheels by any suitable means, such as by the pulleys and belts as illustrated in the drawing. For convenience of illustration, and description the motors are shown with the sides of the impulse wheels of the several motors toward the observer; the motors could be arranged to have the said inipulse' wheels on the saine line of shutting from which more points.

lQurface eondensers are shown in the drawings. but I do not limit myself to condensers ol that class. and jet condensers in which steam is' condensed h v contact willi the cooling' water. may he empli'iqved instead 'with means such as pumps. for passing' the cooling?lr water alongr from condenser to condenser and into the heater ll from th'c hottest con-v denser: by ci'iolin-ILr water is under-stood the water lliiwing from the. well B of the coolest motor. Provisions may he made for takiireIr `down from eachjct condenser to its connect? ed inol'or well an amount of water.equivalent to 'thc steam and entrained water that pass to the condenser from its said motor.

I do not limit my invei'ition to the particular type or construction of means shown and described 'for heating or reheatingthe water circula ting through the series of apparatus, nor do l limit it'to the details of construction and operation shown and described. 'For example instead ot; devices (such as floats o and valves u) for automatically regulating the. flow of Waterfrom motor-to motor through the A pipes, handA valves in the A pipes ,may be used; such valves are indicated in the A ipcs. Iffthese hand valves are vopened su ciently Wide, steam as Well as water will pass from motor to motor 'which steam, 'lessened at-leasth'y the power obtained from it, would eventually reach the condenser C51 of the coolest motor andbe ondensed and returnedV to vthe 'circulating i. water.

yThe gaseous vproductsof:combustion which 'It theuiiantity' yof combustion of'fucl in chamber S is. regi'ilated" gire a greater quantity ot' heat. than i'sytakniaway by thc circulating water tothe motors then steam is i generated beyond l the saturation quantity `and passes away with the gases' through the pipes 0 and O, und the construction H bew comes a generator of steam for power or i other purposes as wel] as azwater heater.

(Jil mentioned as the fi'iel .burned in the i iaiifibei'- i5. but other fuels may be used, for i mpleanyilucnt fuel-oilniixed with pulpower might he taken at one or verized coal, or pulverized coal itself may be blown into the chamber S, and be consumed. Again it is possible to place a grate in'the chamber S with means for delivering coal upon the saine against the pressure in the chamber S, and means for delivering compressed airbeneath the grate.

Certain, provisions which wouldy be useful in practice are not shown in the drawings, in order to not complicate the drawings, such as drain connections for emptying the parts ot' the apparatus of water should occasion retuire its being done.

.t is apparent that the apparatus merely as shown and described ,could not well be started from a cold condition. Additional means would have to be provided `to deliver the air and fuelunder pressure into the combustion chamber S, and also means Jror circulating the water in the heater H until it becanle sutiicientlyheated to serve for power purposes in the motor. BuLthe illustration of these several means are not necessary to the elucidation of my invention and mere reference to them is considered sufficient. y 1

Anevident varia-tion of the process would be to discard from the system the water which flows away from the `coolest motor by the pipe A" and instead of it, `send the extraneous water heated in the coolest condenser C, through'the condensers in successioninto the heater H and thence down throughthe .motors and away to waste, `or to other use, through thev pipe Ai. Regarding the system by itself this vvariation would give less economy than the closed methodof operating in proportion as the water flowing away from pi e A* is Warnier than the extraneous water caving the bottoni of the condenser C5.

Ifl a liquid, other than water,I needed -to beheated beat hand in suliicient quantities 'itmaly be used as the cooling agent in' the coolestqconlenser C?, and again. this vvliquid ma ,y .,bejsent. through the system insteadv of wa r .fandbe the agent/ of employing the' heatfor the eneration of power.l

l Theworky one in the caseof each motor is due to-themolnent'um o .f the Lentering"l water and tothe energy in-therforming'and expadingsteam which energy is imparted. tothe water partly through the agency .of

thewater to which it adds an increasing velocity'` and partlyv through' the energy which is unabsorbedv the` water.v y

...,lhefreaction ofvtli formig and ,expand-y steam in each interconnectmg Awater .pipe Aaiid its nozzle J, tends to im ede., 60 Y v the.:flow-ofl the water from. the prece ing motor. To .neutralize or overcome this .reactiomth iow` may-.be assisted by a' pux'np 'orby other means',4 'y Y y 4,

If the liquid passed through the system' be water, or an aqueous solution, the ashing product in the several spaces will be steam otherwise it would'be vapor of the liquid used. In the claims it is assumed that the liquid is Water or an aqueous solution; the flashing product is termed steam in the claims. l y

I purpose, in future applications for Letters Patent of the United States to claim apparatus for practising my process.

I, claim as of my invention the matters set forth in the following claims, viz: V v1. The process of obtaining power frein heat consisting in bringing hot gaseous products of'combustion of a fuel into intimate contact with a liquid and thereby heating it to a higher temperature; in separating the uncondensed 4gaseous products of combustion from the heated liquid; in leading. this heated liquid into a space in which the pressure is lower than the boiling pressure of the liquid at the said higher temperature, and 1n using vapor formed from the liquid on entering the space of said lower pressure in a motor for the production of'power. y

2. The process Vof obtaining power from heat consisting in bringing hot gaseous products of combustion of a fuel into intimate contact with` a liquid and thereby heating it to a higher temperature; in separating theuncondensed gaseous products of combustion from the heated liquid; inv leading this heatedy liquid izno a space-in which` the pressure is lou ea: than the boiling pressureof the liquid at the said higher temperature, and inus'ing the liquidentering the space of saidlower pressure in a motorgfor the production of power. Y

3. The `process of obtainingpower from' heat :consisting in bringin the hot gaseous products of4 combustione a fuel-into intimate contact with@ liquid ina vessel, and therebyl heating theliqid to a higher t'emf perature; in `vseparating ,the uncondensed aseous products of combustion from the 110 cated liquidin leadingthis heated liquid into ar spaceyiniwhich the' pressure is lower than the boiling pressure: df the lifluirdl at the saidliigherv temperature; a-ndjin` using for the production of' power the liquid 'en- 115 tering'the spacegol'f` the said lowerpressure,A and, the steam flashed from the liquididue to the lower pressure. g

4., The process of obtaining power from heat consisting inxbringing vhot ,gaseous 1.20 products of combustion ,of ma fuel into-` intimate contact witliga liquid and `thereby heating itto aphigher' tem'p eraturej;` in sep*- arating the' uncondensedf gaseous products 4 of combustion from the. heated liquidfin leading" this heated liquid. intoa space in which v the,pressure `is, v, lower than the- ,boilf, ing "pressure ofthe liquid 'at 4the said higher Y temperature; in usin the liquid on entering the space of sai lower pressure in a motor for the production of power; in i'eheating the unvaporized liquid by intimate contact with gaseous products of coinbnstion and again leading it to suitable motors for the production of power.

5. The process of obtaining vpower from heat consisting in bringing the hot gaseous products of combustion of a fuel into intimate contact with a liquid in a closed vessel, and thereby-heating the liquid to a higher temperature ;A in separating the uncondensed gaseous products of combustion from the heated liquid, and iii leading the uiieondensed gaseous products of combustion from the saidv closed vessel into a inotor operating under lower pressure than that existing in the said closed vessel and thereby obtainin power from the said gaseous products o combustion.

6. The process of obtaining power from Aheat consisting iii bringing the hot gaseous products of combustion of a fuel into intimate contact with a liquid in a closed vessel, and thereby heat-ing the liquid to a higher temperature; in separating the uncondensed gaseous products of combustion from the heated liquid; in lea-ding the uncondensed gaseous products of combustion from' the said `closed vessel ii'ito a motor operating under lower pressure than that existing in the said closed vessel and thereby obtaining power from the said gaseous products of coni-bustion.and in employing said power for forcing air into the combustion chambers, for the said fuel.

7. Theprocess of obtaining power from heat consisting in bringing hotl gaseous products of combustion of a fuel into intimate contact with a liquid in a closed vessel with a production of vapor from the liquid 'in the vessel; in separatingthe nncondensed gaseous products of" combustion from. the said liquid; and in leading the uncondensed gaseous products of combustion mixed with vapor produced in. the said closed vessel into v- 'a motor operating under .lower pressures than that existing in the, said cosed. vessel vand thereby obtaining power fr 'in the said mixture of gaseous products of conibiistion and vapors.

8. The proce-ss of using heat for the production of power consistin in vusing it to heata liquid to a suitably iglier teinpera ture; in leading 'the heated liqliid into and through iaf seriesof i-nclosed spaces in succession through' suitable interconnecting piping; in maintaining in said spaces, respectively, pressuresv progressively lower than the boiling pressure of the heated liquid,v and 'in the order in which the heated liquid passes through the spa-ces in succession; and in each space employing the momentum of the entering liquid and flashing steam `for the production of power.

9. The process of using heat for the production of power consisting in using it to heat a liquid to a suitably higher temperature; in leading the heated liquid into and through a series of iiiclosed spaces in succession through suitable interconnecting piping; in maintaining in said spaces, respectively, pressures progressively lowery than the boiling pressure of the heatedliquid and in the' order in which the heated liquid passes through the spaces in succession; and in each space directing theentering liquid against an impulse wheel adapted to absorb energy from the inipin'ging liquid, and to deliver the energy through proper interconnecting means to mechanism exterior to said space.

10. The process of using heat for the production of power consisting in using it to heat a liquid to asuitably higher temperatui'e; in leading the heated liquid into and through a series of iiiclosed spaces in succession through suitable interconnecting piping; in maintaining in said spaces, res ectively, pressures progressively lower t an the boiling pressure of the heated liquid,

and in the order in which the heated'liquid ing: in maintaining in said spaces respectively, pressures progressively lower than the V boiling pressure ofthe heated' liquid, and'in the order in which the heated liquid passes through the spaces in succession; in each space, employing the energyjof the entering liquid and flashing steam for the production of power;y in condensing steam liberated in one or more of the inclosed spaces and delivering each condensate back into the space from which it came.

12. The process ofusing heat for the pro-- duction of power .consisting in using it` to ,heat aliquid to a'suitably higher tempera'- ture; in leading the heated liquid intoand through a serie-s of inclosedy spaces in succession through suitable interconnecting piping;'in maintaining in said spacesrespectively, pressures progressively lower than the boiling pressure 'of the heated liquid, K

and in the order in which the heated liquid passes through the spaces in succession; in each space, -.employing `the energy of the entering liquid and flashing steam for the production of power; in condensing steam liberated in one or more of the inclosed spaces and delivering each condensate back into the space from which it came through and in contact with the steam therein whereby it is heated toi approximately the temperature of the said steam.

13.` The process of using heatfor the production of power consisting in using it to heat a liquid to a suitably higher temperature; in leading the heated liquid into and through a series of inclosed spaces in succession through suitable interconnecting piping; 1n maintaining 1n said spaces, respectively, pressures entering liquid and flashing progressively lower than the boiling pressure of the heated liquid, and in the order in which the heated liquid passes through the spaces' in succession; in each space, employing the energy of the steam for the production of power in condensing the steam from one or more of the motors by a liquid and thereby heating the liquid; and in passing the liquid thus heated through a series of spaces and motors having progressively lower temperatures for the production of power.

14. The process of using heat for the production of power consisting in using it to heat a liquid to a ture; in leading the heated liquid into and through a series .of inclosed spaces insuccession through suitable interconnectingpiping; in maintaining in saidv spaces, respectively, pressures progressively lower than the boiling pressure of the heated liquid; in the `order in which the heated liquid passes through 'the spaces in succession; in eachk space employing the energy of the entering liquid and iashing steam for the production of power; in condensing the steam from one or more of the motors by a liquid and thereby heating the liquid; in further heating this liquid to a suitably higher temperature by heat from an extraneous source; and in passing the liquid thus heated through a series oi' spaces and lnotors having progressively lower temperatures.

15. The process of obtaining vgases and vsteam in condition suited to various uses by means of heat and a liquid, consisting in bringing hot gaseous products of combustion of a fuel into intimate contact with a liquid in a closed vessel whereby the liquid is heated to a higher temperature; in separating the uncondensed gaseous products of combustion from the'heated liquid lpreparatory to their use for vany suitable purpose, and in leading this separated heated liquid into `an inclosed spacein which a pressure suitably higher temperais maintained below that of the boiling pressure of the liquid at the said higher temperatures, whereby a portion of the liquid.

is flashed into steam ready for use for any suitable purpose.

16. The process of obtaining power from heat consisting in passing a continuous current of liquid through a heating device and heating it during its passage through the same to a suitably higher temperature; 11'1 leading this current of heated liquid into an inclosed space in which is maintained a. lower pressure than the boiling pressure of the heated liquid; in using for power producing purposes the flash steam formed from the liquid in the same inclosed space of lower pressure; and in returning the liquid not flashed into steam in the said inclosed .space i taining in said spaces, respectively, pressures progressively lower than the boiling pressure of the heated liquid and in'the order in which the heated liquid passes through the spaces in succession, and inV emploving the energy of the entering liquid and flashing steam formed in said spaces for the production of power.

18. The process `of obtaining power from heat consisting in passing a continuous current of a liquid througha heating'device and-heating it during itspassage through the same to a suitably'higher 'tem erature; in leading the yheated liquid throng a series of inclosed spaces in .succession through suitable interconnecting piping; in maintaining in said spaces, respectively, pressures progressively lower than the boilingpressure of the heated liquid and in theorder in which the'heated liquid passes throu h the spaces in succession; in employin'gt "e ergy of the entering liquid and flashing steainformed in said spaces for ytheproduction of power, and i-n delivering ythe liquid from* the space of lowest pressure backlnto and through the 'saidheatin v`device asa lportion (at least) of the said continuous currentof liquid. y y

19. The process "of obtaining power from heat 'consisting in passing a" continuous `current of a liquid through a heatin device'and heating it during-'its passage t rough theV same to a suitab highertemperature; Iin leading vthe heated liquid throng` h a! series of inclosedspaces in ffsuccessont rough suitable interconnecting piping; in maintaining in said spaces, respectively, pressures progressively lower than the boiling pressure of the heated liquid and in the order in which the heated liquid passes through the spaces in succession; in employing theenergy ofthe entering liquid and flashing steam formed in said spaces for the production of power; in delivering the liquid from the space of lowest pressure back into and through the said heatingvdevice as portion (at least) of the said continuous current of liquid, and in heating the liquid on its way back to the heating device rom the space of lowest pressure in succession by the steam generator in one or more of the said inclosed spaces in the order of their increasing tern peratures.

20. The process of obtaining power from heat consisting in passing a continuous current of a liquid through a heating device and heating it durin its passage through the same to a suitab y higher temperature; in

-through the said heating device as a portionA (at least) of the said continuous current of liquid, and in addingliquid to the liquid thus circulating in a cycle through heating device and motors to make up losses from the circulating liquid. l

S. MORRIS LILLIE.

Witnesses:

E. C. HOGATE, COLIN D. SMITH.