US1222055A - Fuel-governor for internal-combustion engines. - Google Patents

Description

c. w. WEISS.

FUEL GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 16, I916- 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

wzzmsm. llwerzion Chg/m vow c. w. WEISS. FUEL GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION E N G I N ES.

Patented A pr. 10, 1917.

APPLICATION I I LED AUG- l8| l9l6a Witnesses. v

FUEL-GOVERNOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 1W, 191W.

Application filed August 18, 1916. Serial No. 115,644.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL W. Wnrss, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn of the city of New York, in the State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Governors for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part hereof.

This invention relates to fuel governors for internal combustion engines and is concerned particularly with governors for multicylinder oil engines in which there is employed an independent injection on pump for each cylinder. The control of speed obtained automatically by the improved governor is secured by changing the stroke of the pump plungers whereby the oil is injected. There is provided in the improved governor, in association with the automatic control, manually operable mechanism for varying the stroke of the pump plungers for the purpose of changing the speed of the engine, such devices being so related to the automatic controlling mechanism as to have no effect thereupon, the result being that the governor action proper is kept constant at all speeds. In accordance with the invention there are provided centrifugal governor weights in operative engagement with an actuating member for the oil pumps, the position of this actuating member serving to determine, in turn, the length of the stroke of each of the injector pumps. However, this desired control of the length of the stroke of each pump is secured without changing the effective stroke of the actuating members. In other words, the desired control is secured by changing the operative relation between the actuating members and the transmission elements between such actuating members and the pump plungers. The other principal phase of the present invention having to! do with the manual control of the speed, is carried out by connecting the transmission elements between the actuating members and the pump plungers operatively to a controlling handle whereby the relation between such intermediate elements and the respective actuating members may be changed for the purpose of varying the strokes of the pump plungers and without disturbing the operative relation between such intermediate elements and the auto-- casing a.

matic governor control. Aside from the broad objects of the invention herein expressed, many improvements in the details of construction whereby these objects are realized will appear hereinafter in connecbroken line and showing so much of the governor mechanism as is necessary for an understanding of the relation thereto of the manual controlling mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a view in plan of the governor casing indicating the general arrangement of the oil injector pumps.

The casing a for the improved governor may be carried on the casing b of the engine to be controlled, this engine being of any usual type and of any number of cylinders but, under the most usual application of the present improvements, of the multicylinder oil injection type wherein the oil is drawn from any available source, as through pipes o, and is forced into the respective cylinders through pipes d, by means of separate injection pumps, indicated generally at e which maybe of the'well known'plunger pump type. All of the elements of the improved governor are contained within the The rotative governor shaft f extends axially through the casing a and derives its movement from the crank-shaft of the engine, as through a gear f, so that the governor shaft will respond to all changes in speed of the crank-shaft, in the usual manner. On the governor shaft f are journaled centrifugal swinging governor weights g as on pins g and these governor weights have their outward movements limited conveniently by means of a sliding ring 9 feathered on the shaft 7 and connected to the respective weights through links g, the length of each of which is such that as V the weights move outwardly and the ring 9 moves upwardly, the links will straighten out and finally limit the movement of the weights in the desired positions. The inner ends of the weights 9 project beyond the supporting pins 9' and are formed with cams g on which rest directly a sliding position on the shaft f will be determined by the positions of the weights at any moment. As the weights fly outward, the cams 9' will be moved to angular positions so that thecam-disk it will move downwardly along the governor shaft for a purpose which will appear. The cam-disk k will hereinafter be called, for convenience, the actuating mem her for the pump plungers e. I

Each pump plunger 6 is connected at its lower end through a ball and socket joint 6 with a curved lever 71 which is pivoted as at z" to a vertically disposed lever is pivotally supported on a stud is which is fixed to the inner VIZ- i the casing a Since each of the pump plungers e is actuated in the same manner and the stroke thereof varied by similar controls, it will be suflicient to describe only one such plunger and its associated elements. The intermediate devices for translating the rotarymotion of the governor shaft f into reciprocating motion of the pump plunger. e are interposed operatively between the rotary cam-disk it and the curved lever z. This intermediate mechanism includes a shoe Z which is pivoted at one end to a stud m fixed to the inner wall of the casing a and carries at its other end an antifriction roller Z which rests at all times on the upper surface of the cam-disk It. The upper surface of the shoe Z is curved as at Z and the curved face i of the lever i rests directly on this curved surface. The shoeZ is preferably cast in one piece and is formedwith a bifurcated portion Z to receive the roller Z and facilitate its support therein.

The governor mechanism so far as described is entirely automatic in character and it might be well to point out the operation of the governorbefore describing the association therewith of the manually operable controlling means for changing the speed of the engine without affecting the governing action. In operation, the position of the weights 9 is, of course, determined by the speed of rotation of the governor shaft 7 under the influence of the r0- tating crank shaft. As the speed increases the weights 9 fly outward and lower the cam-disk it. As the cam-disk It moves down along the shaft f the roller Z follows its movement, the shoe Z rocking about its supporting shaft m. Likewise, the curved lever 2' which rests on the shoe Z has its outer end lowered and rocks about its supporting shaft e". The relation of the contacting curved surfaces Z and 2' on the shoe Z and the lever 2', respectively, is such that the surfaces always are in contact at tangential points and the tangential point of'contact may be pinion 0 the teeth of changed by swinging the shoe Z about its axis m. By thus changing the tangential point of contact it will be evident that this point may be brought nearer to or farther from the axis of rotation of the lever 2' about its shaft z" with a corresponding change in the power arm of the lever with which the actuating force from the camdisk k is applied to the pump plunger 6. By thus changing the lever arms it is evident that the length of stroke of the plunger 6 may be constantly varied. And it is to vary these lever arms that the disk It is lowered by the weights 9. As the disk is lowered the point of engagement of the shoe with the lever 2' moves toward the end of the lever so that the stroke of the plunger 6 is shortened until eventually the free end of the shoe Z moves downward to a point where the lever i engages the shoe only at a point near its remote end. With this condition, the shoe Z is free to rock about its shaft m without imparting any movement to either the lever z or the plunger 0. At such time, the engine is running at maximum speed and the effect of the governor action is to cut off the oil supply'and tend to cause the engine to slow down. Even at this time, it will be noted that the effective stroke imparted by the cam-disk it remains constant while only the stroke of the plunger is changed. As the speed of the engine decreases the disk It is raised by the cams 9 on the ends of the swinging weights 9 so that the roller Z with the shoe Z is raised-and the curved surface Z of the shoe is brought into engagement with the curved surface of the lever i at a tangential point nearer the axis of the plunger 6 until actuating force is transmitted to the plunger 6 and the latter again reciprocates. If the speed slows down very much this tangential point constantly moves toward the axis of the plunger until such time as the stroke of the plunger reaches a maximum.

In association with the automatic governing devices described there may be provided manually operable speedcontrolling mechanism so related to the governing devices as to permit the speed of the engine to be regulated by theoperator without in any manner, interfering with the normal function of the governing devices. Such a manual control is especially useful in marine oil engines. Referring to Fig. 1 there is shown mounted near the upper end of the casing a a rotatable annulus n which is supported on an annular shoulder a formed on the inner wall of the casing a. The annulus a may be rotated in either direction by means of a which mesh with a rack 71 formed on the periphery of the annulus. With the pinion is connected a suitable handle 0 for manual operation thereof. The annulus n has cast therewith a spider including substantially radial spokes n at the ends of which are formed guide-slots n to receive a bearing piece or knob carried on the end of each of the levers 70. In the embodiment of the governor described, since there are four oil pumps and four such levers is there will be provided four such arms 12 with guide slots '0 one for each of the supporting levers. The elements will be disposed conveniently in groups around the casing a at points substantially ninety degrees apart.

The operation of the manual controlling mechanism described is as follows:

By manipulation of the handle 0 the ring n may be moved in one direction or another so as to rock the vertically disposed supporting levers 70 toward or away from their respective shoes Z, as indicated in} Figs. 1 and 2. The effect of rocking each lever 70 is to change the tangential points of engagement between the curved surfaces 2' and Z on the lever 11 and shoe Z respectively, the change of this tangential point affecting the stroke of each plunger in the manner hereinbefore described. In rocking each of the levers 70 it will be evident that the automatic governing devices hereinbefore described remain undisturbed and will function in precisely the same manner whether the manual control be set to give the plunger 0 a short stroke or a long stroke.

It will be evident that the governing mechanism set forth acts independently of the direction-of rotation of the shaft f and serves to control the speed of the motor whether the governor shaft be rotating in one direction or in the other.

As pointed out before, while it is preferred to describe the improved mechanism in this application to four-cylinder marine oil engines it will be evident that the principle of the invention may be retained to equal advantage where the governor is used with engines of other types. Again, while the preferred forms of the actuating elements have been described with some particularity, it will be evident that equivalent means may be employed throughout without impairing the functions of the parts. This is particularly true as to the precise form of the intermediate shoe Z and its associated parts and also of the mechanism for swinging the levers 7a to effect manual control of the speed. Reference is to be had to the appended claims for determination of the scope of the invention.

. I claim as my invention:

1. In an oil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps, transmission elements interposed operatively between the actuating member and the pumps, said transmission elements including a shoe engaged operatively by the actuating member and the pump plungers, and a shaft about which the shoe turns freely, and governor devices for changing automatically the position of the actuating member to change the strokes of the pumps.

2. In an oil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps, transmission elements interposed operatively between the actuating member and the pumps, said transmission elements including a shoe engaged operatively by the actuating member, a lever between each pump plunger and each shoe, and supporting shafts about which the shoe and the lever turn freely, and governor devices for changing automatically the position of the actuating member to change the strokes of the pumps.

3. In an oil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps, a curved shoe engaged operatively with the actuating member, a curved lever with the curved face of which engages the curved face of the shoe, the faces being struck off along eccentric curves, and a lever and shoe having supporting shafts about which they turn freely, and governor devices for changing automatically the position of the actuating member to change the point of engagement of the shoe with the lever.

4:. In an oil engine, a casing for the governor devices, a vertically disposed governor shaft within said casing, injector pumps for the oil, a cam-disk feathered on the shaft, a curved shoe supported hingedly within the casing and provided with a roller which rests on the face of the cam-disk, a curved lever interposed operatively between the shoe and the pump plungers, said lever having its curved face in engagement with the curved surface of the shoe at a tangential. point, supporting shafts for the lever and the shoe disposed at opposite sides of said tangential point, and governor devices for moving the cam-disk axially to change said tangential point of engagement.

5. In an oil engine, a casing for the governor devices, a vertically disposed governor shaft mounted within the casing, a cam-disk feathered on the shaft, governor weights pivotally supported on the shafts and provided with cams at their free ends on which the cam-disk rests a sliding collar on the governor shaft, links between the collar and the respective weights. to limit their outward movement, and transmission elements between the cam-disk and the pump plungers, said transmission elements including curved members engaged respectively with the cam-disk and the pump plungers and with each other at a tangential point, whereby axial movement of the cam-disk under the'influence of the weights will serve to shift the said tangential point of engagement.

6,][n an. oil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps,

oil, an actuating-member for the pumps,

transmission elements interposed operatively between the actuatingv member and each pump, said transmission elements including a shoe engaged with the actuating me her, (including a shoe engaged with the actuati g member,) a lever between the shoe and its pump,a supporting lever to which the first named lever is plvotally attached, an annulus having a spider engaged with one end of the supportlng lever, and rack and p1n1on mechanism for manual rotation of the annulus to rock the supporting lever and change the operative relation between the shoe, the transmission lever and the pump.

8. In anoil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps, transmission elements interposed operatively between the actuating member and the pumps, governor devices for changing automatically the position of the actuating memher to change the strokes of the pumps, and manually operable mechanism connected to said transmission elements for changing the initial operative relation between said elements and the pumps.

9. In an oil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps,

having its free end resting transmission elements interposed operatively between the actuating member and the pumps, including two eccentrically curved members engaged respectively with the actuating member and the pump plungers, governor devices for changing automatically the point of engagement of the said curved members, and manually operable devices for changing the said point of engagement of said curved members initially.

10. In an oil engine, injector pumps for the oil, an actuating member for the pumps, transmission elements interposed operatively between the actuating member and the pump plungers, including a curved shoe pivotally mounted in the governor casing and on the actuatin plvotally supported and engaged with the pump having its curved face in enmember, a curved lever in the casing plungers and 'gagement with the curved surface of the shoe, the curves of said elements being eccentric-with relation to each other, a vertically disposed lever to which said curved lever is pivotally attached, an annulus supported rotatably in the casing and engaged operatively with the free end of the supporting levers, rack and pinion mechanism for rotation of the annulus whereby said supporting levers may be rocked and the tangential pomt of engagement of the curved lever with the curved shoe changed initially, and governor devices for changing automatically the position of the actuating member to change the said point of tangential engagement.

This specification signed this 16th day of August A. D. 1916.

CARL W. WEISS.

Images