US1219522A - Telegraph system. - Google Patents

Description

J. E. WRIGHT.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPUCATION FILED JAN-15.1916.

1,21 9,522. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

5] 14- we wfoz To all whom it may concern:

JOHN E. WRIGHT, or NEW YORK, n. Y.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Be it known that 1, JOHN E. VVRIGHT, a

citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph Systems, of. which the following is a full, clear, and ex act description. j

In systemsfor the transmission of electrical impulses over a line for the operation of telegraph instruments, the length of such line, or its character with regard to th'e impedance which it ofi'ers to the ready passage, of impulses of either one or both polarities, often determines the amount and character of the work which it is capable of performing. When the inductive efi'ects are of such a nature, for example, that any .one or. a succession of similar impulses sent into the line become blocked or perceptibly weak-' ened, some means must, be provided for clearing the line after each impulse or group of impulses in-order to permit of working at practicable or commercial speeds, and many plans have heretofore been practised for this purpose.

The object of the improvement upon which is based the present application for patent, is td improve the character and earrying quality of the signal impulses of-currentysent over telegraph lines in general, and'ai ulre particularly those in which thein 'ductiue capacity is such 'as to tplay an important part in the transmission of impulses andin order to convey a clear understanding of the 'nature oflthe improvement we may assume the conditions met'witli in an ordinary case. v Let it be assumed, for example, that we are dealing with a system in which al lzimpulses of current sent to line, originate from a suitable source and are directe'd'through the segments of a commutator or sunflower instrument, to the relay which sends corresponding impulses over the line. In such cases it is usual to employ a relay designed tooperate as a pole changer, through which all of-such original impulses are sent and which operates to transmit over the line from the main battery positive or negative currents corresponding to the source or direction of those received from the sunflower Patented Mar. 2c, 1917.

Application filed January 15, 1916. Serial No. 72,221.

' segments by the magnet of the pole changer.

It is, for example, a common expedient. to send out from that segment upon which the contact brush bears when at rest, a negative impulse or current and from the remaining segments, currents from the positive pole of the local battery.

The pole changer habitually used for this purpose is a polarized relay with an armature or tongue connected to line, and its front and back stops connected with the positive andnegative poles of the source of line current respectively. In this arrangement when the pole changer is'used, for instance, in connection with a printing telegraph instrument, the movements of the relay tongue controlled by the impulses proceeding from the commutator or sunflower segments, respond to the polarities of the impulses with which the segments maybe charged, as the relay magnet receives them by themovement of the contact brush over such segments. If the first segment from which an impulse is received be positive, the tongue will take-up. a certain position and maintain it until a segment with a nega-' tive charge is encountered, the insulation between segments with corresponding interruptions of current having no effect upon the position of the tongue of the pole changer.

' Thus, if the sunflower have eiglit segments which are alternately charged positive and negative, the tongue during one revolution of the contact brush, will make four movements in each direction. On the other'hand, if all the segments are of the same olarity the tongue will not move at all, and practically only one impulse will be sent to line during one rotation of the brush,

thus rendering the line liable to become blocked and offer aniore or less pronounced opposition tothe free passage of impulses, according to circumstances.

This condition of things I propose to reinedy, by the employinent of a pole. changer comprising two independent electromagnets, one normally in a circuit from all the segments of the commutator. or sunflower, and the other in a circuit which is perl'nanently connected with one, the starting segment,

but adapted by the operation ot the keys or i have shown in the accompanylng sheet of drawings,

operati combination of signal impulses.

. ture adapted to send to other transmission devices, to be connected through the selective magnets of the translator with such of the other; segments as may be necessary for producing-the desired Each magnet has a pivoted circuit controlling armaline animpulse corresponding in direction to the particular selective magnet'that may be operated, and each adapted on the cessation of any impulse through it, as by the passage of the rotating contact brush of the sunflower over insulation intermediate to the conducting segments, to connect the line with ground,

atc es back stops K are adapted to be connected 665 either to line or to the positions of the conveniently,

ground according to armatures- E and F, by connecting the armature E with the back stop of armature F the" back stop of to ground, and

the back stops-..8 of circuit controllers operated by the'keys or transmissiondevices of whereby said line is cleared after each inn the instrument.-

From this arrangement it follows-that 80 pulse Without regard to itsdirection or that of preceding or succeeding impulses.

The details of this invention may perhaps be best explained by a description of the apparatus and its mode of use which I which is a diagrammatic illustration of such parts of an ordinary composite system, or one'designed for the conjoint use of telephones and 'Morse or similar instruments, as are necessary for an understanding of the nature and purpose of my special improvement.

In this diagram assume that A represents the development in a plane of the segments of a sunflower disk, in this particular instance eight in number. A is a local bat-. .tery grounded at one pole and connected at the other to abrush A" which, we assume, is normally stationary, but adapted, when started, to sweep over the segments in regu-- lar succession. Normally, the brush rests on segment 1. From this it is started by the on of any key of the transmitter, not shown in this drawing, ment' first encounters the segment 2, which .is for starting the sunflowers and 'then passes over segments 3 which send to line the impulses making up the signal combi-. nations. I

lh'e segment 1 is' permanently connected by wire 4 withfan ordinary relay magnet -B,

said wire being grounded. The relay B is provided with armature --E, retracted by a spring *6, and vibrating between stops H and K, and under the. assumed conditions while the sunflower is at rest, the magnet the armature E drawn up against the front stop H.

, A second electro-magnet C is also used and connected'by-a wire 5 to ground on the onehand and to the'parts or circuits ofthe transmitter operated according to the.

signals to be sent on the other. This magne is similarly provided with an armature F I and stops H and'K. i The front stops H constitute the positive and negative terminals of a line battery L, grounded at its middle point M, and both through magnet B and six brush A" and in itsv movemagnet B normally energized, sends but when the sunflower is started, the first i current impulse from segment 2 passes through the magnet 6 and wire 5 through magnet C. By the same. movement brush A the circuit of rupted, and hence a positive impulse, succeedin'g the negative impulse, is sent to line by magnet C. I If none of the contact levers 8 are shifts by the transmitter mechanism, the further movement of. the brush Af'will result in sending six successive impulses of current corresponding negative impulses to line B, but, in this, and in all cases, it will be observed that the in passing from one segment to passes over insulation S andine current flowingv from the sunthe next terrup'ts t flower and to ground after each inbrush A reaches the segment thusconncct selective magnets D ed through one of the with magnet C, a positive or signal impulse issent to line by the last named magnet and then the line is grounded, as above explained.

of the magnet B is inter-- hence denergizes the magnet B or C or both, as the case may be, and this For purposes of the present is I not necessary to go into a detailed descrip tion of the diagrambeyond this point] The latter represents, conyentiorially, an',;ordinary compositdcircuit which will; be perfectly intelligibleto and is typical of any other circuit with whloh the invention may be, used, It will be understood that in this, as inmany of such systems, the only currentimpulses effective in operating the receiver are those I the line battery,

from the positive'pole of and that the negative impulses are. for the purpose of clearing the 15 t, The diagram illustrates anar'ran rely those skillediin t gement 2F h es et e y' s ftsnaatnatthar tween succeeding impulses,

ordinarily used, and the signals transmitted in the system shown take on a wholly difierent character. They are broken up by the interposition of a ground connection whenever the sunflower brush passes over the insulation spaces S between two adjacent segments, at which times, as is obvious, the armature tongues E, F will fall back upon the back stops or contacts K as the current of the relay magnets is then interrupted. By thus momentarily connecting the line to ground it will rid itself of the inductive charge caused by the preceding impulse.

From. the above to line during one revolution of the contact brush, the line would be grounded beand would not, therefore, be surcharged by a prolonged wave of current in one direction as would be the case with ordinary pole changer transmission.

On a difiicult circuit of high inductive ca; pacity, the five or six impulses would probably reach the receiving end, under ordinary conditions, as one impulse, but a gal\"anometer or a milliam'meter T in the transmission circuit of my system will not swing appreciably from zero, showing that the line is not being highly charged. The advantage of not overcharging the line is obvious. The path for every impulse is cleared by the connection to ground preceding and following such impulse and the signal rea hes the receiving end through even telephone composite circuits, unblurred and well defined.

Another advantageous result secured by the use ot'this compound relay device is the virtual cutting of the battery potential in half. The positive and negative poles are widely separated and the tendency to sparkmg is greatly reduced, and, in fact, the use of a small condenser Y completely eliminates the spark.

Still another advantage derived from the arrangement, and a very important one, is that by its use the noise in the telephone V, when composite circuit is used, is measurably .reduced as compared with that made by signals from an ordinary pole chan er under like conditions. This to the even charging and discharging of the line, the battery potential never rising much description and illustration 1t Wlll be observed that if five 0r- ,v, six impulses 1n the same directlon be sent' 'or negative current to relaycomprising two electro-magnets with which the.current sending. devices are respectively connected or adapted to be con:

.nected, and circuit controlling devices actuated by the said two magnets for transmitting to line currentimpulses of opposite direction and grounding the line after each, transmitted impulse. I 2. In a telegraph system,

rent and a commutator -or sunflower,

a source of ourthe segments of which are adapted to be successively charged thereby, in combination with a compound relay comprising two electro-nuignets with which the said segments are connected or adapted to be connected, and circuit controlling means actuated by the said magnets for sending impulses of opposite direction to line and for connecting the said lines to ground after each interruption of current through either magnet, as set forth.

In a telegraph system, a source of ourrcnt and a commutator or sunflower, the segments of" which are adapted to be successively charged thereby, in combination with two elcctro-magnets andcircuit conuections between the same and the said segis probably uel above the point reached by brush contact with one segment. 1

A compound relay of the-general character described is not in itself a new device, but so far as I am aware, ithas never been employed-as Ihav'e here shown it, as a pole changer. I have discovered that its use on composite circuits of considerable length has been attended with the most unexpected results, the noise in the telephone, for example,

meats, means for controlling said circuit connections, armatures for the magnets, a. battery, thebpposite poles of which are adapted to be connected to line by the movements of the armatures, and a connection between the line and ground adapted to be closed whenever the circuit through the ma g nets is interrupted.

4. In a composite telegraph system involving the use of transmitting and receiving teliphone and current impulse operated mechanism, the combination with the transmission line of a source "of current impulses, a con'ipound relay comprising t-Wo {magnets adapted to be energized by such current impulses and to send opposite flowing impulses over the line according towhich' magnet is energized,'and mea'nsopei-ated by such magnets toestablish, after each impulse so sent, a connection between the line and. the ground. 1 5. In a telegraph system, the combination with a transmitter and means therein for developing current" impulses which produce in the line corresponding impulses, ot' a compound relay comprisirig twonnagnets, one adapted to cmiuectx the positive and the other the negative poles of a battery to line, means for connecting one or the other magnet in thecircuit of the impulses developed by the transmitter, according to the nature and purpose of such impulses, and means controlled by the magnets for grounding the line after each transmitted impulse.

6. In a telegraph system, the combination with transmitting mechanism comprising a sunflower or commutator, of a compound relay consisting'of two neutral electro-magnets, circuit controllers operated thereby,

. magnet with certain one for sending positive and the second negative currents to line, permanent connections between one magnet I ments, and means for connecting thesecond of the segments when signal impulses are to be transmitted.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature. i 4 7 JOHN E. WVRIGHT.

and the sunflower seg-

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