US1216965A

US1216965A - Internal-combustion engine.

Info

Publication number: US1216965A
Application number: US65237911A
Authority: US
Inventors: Kennedy Dougan
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1911-10-02
Filing date: 1911-10-02
Publication date: 1917-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 1934-02-20

Description

.K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPucATloN man ocr. 2. 1911. 1 1,216,965. Patented Feb. 20,1917.

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`K. DOUGAN.

INTERNAL CMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICA'TloN man oc'. 2. 191|'.

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Patentedy Feb. 20, 1917.

K. DOUGAN.

INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 2. 19H.

Patented Feb. 20,1917.

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K. DOUGAN.

Patented Feb. 20,1917.

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KENNEDY DoUeAN, 0E MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

imanes.

Specification of Letters latent. Patented Fel), 20, 1917.

Application filed October 2, 1911. Serial No. 652,379.-

To all whom z' may concern:

Be it known that I, KENNEDY DOUGAN, a. citizen of the United States, residingat Minneapolis, in the county of IIennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the` followgine cylinder.A Itis a further object of my ing is a specification. v

My invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type shown and described in my applications, Serial Numbers (335,206, filed June 24, 1911, and 647,175, filed September l, 19117 in which the force of the explosion within the combustion chamber operates to raise a weight, the enorgy thereby accumulated being used to perform useful work when the weight falls. My present invention relates to an explosive engine of this type in which the engine unit is of a two-cycle operating type, and is connected to a weight-operating member and combined with a pump the piston of which is also connected to the weight-operating member. An important feature of the invention consists in the combination of means for operating 'the valves of a twocycle engine positively and in timed relation. l

It is one of the principal objects of my invention to providean engine cylinder having an exhaust` port, ascavenger intake port and .a charging port combined with ymeins for positively opening said ports in rapid succession with afsuitable reta-rd in the opening of the charging port followed by closing all of said ports practically simultaneously7 these means operating with equal effect when the scavengering device is omitted, which is contemplated in some uses to which my invention is designed to be put. Means are also providedwhereby air is caused to be stored under pressure in a receptacle connected with the scavengerv port, if a scavengering device is used, dur ing the descending' movement of the weightcperating member and at the same time a fuel charge is drawn freni a suitable carburetor mechanism into a fuel storagechamber, which charge will be compressed on the return movement of the weight-operating member and forced under pressure into the engine cylinder when the charging port is uncovered.

A. further object of my invention is to provide a rotating valve closure for covering all of said ports and for opening the same in suitably timed succession combined with means under the control of the fluid bination with mea-nsy for cooling the same and thereby cooling the interior of the eninventionto provide said cooling means in combination with -the aforesaid valve closure.

t is a further object of my invention to provide in combination with the aforesaid .exhaust scavenger intake and fuel intake ports, a series of valves in combination with mechanical means for successively operating the'same in properly timed relation.

Itis a further object of my invention to provide in combination with the weightoperating member aforesaid a single pump.

piston combined with mechanism whereby f said pump may be operated either as a hydraulic pump or an air pump.

A further object of my invention is to provide in combination with the aforesaid weight-operating member and pump a device controlled by the condition of the fluid in the storagetank for automatically stopping action of the pump when such condition reaches a predetermined degree and for automatically restarting the pump when the condition falls below a predetermined degree. l

I. further object of my invention is to provide a sparking device operative through upward movement of the weight-operating member and adjustable so that the sparking action maytake placeat exactly the proper point in thev return movement of the engine cylinder after compression of the charge therein has been effected.

Other objects vand advantages of my invention-Willappear inthe detailed description thereof, and 'are particularly pointed out in the claims.

Figure l is a sectional elevationview of one form of my invention. Fig. 2 is aside elevation thereof with parts omitted. Fig. 2a is a detail in vertical section taken approximately onthe line 2a 2a of Fig. 2. Fig. is a. sectional plan taken on .line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4: is a section on line 1f-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a top end view of the ron tary valve closure. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation .0f part of the engine in which ne frio scavengering device is used. Fig. 7 is a section on line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of my invention including the interchangeable pump, the improved sparking device and the automatic stopping and starting mechanism. Fig. 9 is a section on line 99 of Fig. 8. Fig. 8:l is a fragmentary section on the line 8 8L of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view showing the shapes and relative positions of the valve operating cams. Fig. 11 is a detail of one means for driving the `'alve-operating cam sha-ft. Fig. 12 is a detail view of another means for operating said cam shaft.` Fig. 18I is a sectional elevation taken at right angles to the showing of Fig. 8 with some parts omitted. Fig. 14 is a section on line 14--14 of Fig. 8 viewed downwardly. Fig. 15 is a sectional plan on the same section line viewed upwardly. Fig. 16 is a top plan view of the charging cylinders.

Side frame members 2O and 21 are provided between which is secured the "cylinder 22 of an explosive engine, the piston 28 of which is connected by piston rod 24 with a weight-operating member 25 carrying a weight 26 and secured to the piston rod 27 of a pump piston 28 working in a pump cylinder 29 of the type described in my applications above identified. As shown in Fig. 8, the pump cylinder 29 is adapted to be used either as a hydraulic pump or an air pump. To this end two outlet pipes 80 and 81 are provided, pipe 8O leading to a storage tank for compressed air and pipe 31 leading to a storage tank for water. A gate valve 32 is provided for closing pipe 30 when the pump is used for pumping water. Set screws 33 are adapted to be screwed down upon outlet valves 84 to close outlet pipe 81 when the pump is used for pumping air, an air inlet valve 35 located at the top of the chamber 86 above the line of highest water level in the cylinder 29 permitting inflow of air which is forced through valve 87 into the compression tank by the rise of a column of water in chamber 86 when piston 28 descends, the fall of said column of water when piston 28 rises operatingto create the vacuum which causes air to enter through valve 35.

Cylinder 22 is provided in the bottom thereof with three ports, 88, 89 and 40, respectively, of the shape and arrangement shown in Fig. 4, or three

ports

41, 42 and 48 of the shape and arrangement shown in Fig. 9. ln the structure shown in Figs. 1 and 4, the ports-88, 89 and V40 are adapted to be closed by an oscillating valve closure 44.y of a plan outline shown in Fig. 5, which may have the cross-sectional form shown in Fig. 1, providing a chamber 45 suitable for use in cooling the piston and through that cooling the cylinder. To that end the valve closure 44 is provided with a hollow cylindrical stem 46 which is rotatably mounted in a tubular bearing 47 carried by the frame. A cup-shaped member 48 is carried by the frame below member 46 and is provided with a threaded opening 49 and a waste cock 50. A water supply pipe 51 is threaded into the lower end of opening 49 and another pipe 52 is threaded into said opening above and spaced from the end of pipe 5-1, pipe 52 extending through 4the center of tubular stem 46 and into a steadying tubular member depending from valve closure 44 within chamber 45, said steadying men'iber 53 being provided with apertures through which water conveyed through pi pc 52 may spray upon the inner walls of chamber 45. Rigidly secured upon pipe is a collar 55 which is adapted to form a closure for the bottom of tubular stein 46 by which the rate of fiow of water through the valve closure may be regulated, the water iiowing over collar 55 and down pipe vinto cup-shaped member 48 and from there out of waste cock from which it is conveyedto any desired point. A ring piece 56 is secured to member 48 and engaged by set screw 57 threaded into a member 58 secured to collar 1n Fig. 1, the stem of 58 is shown as rigidly inserted into a radial sleeve of the collar 55, and which sleeve is shown in section. By loosening set screw 57 pipe 52 may, through member 58, be rotated, which, by reason of the threading of the same into opening 49, will causeA the collar to approach or recede from the end of tubular stem 46 to regulate the rate of flow of water through chamber 45.

Port 88 is connected with exhaust pipe Port 39 is connected with pipe 60 leading from a chamber 61 in which air is compressed for scavengering purposes by means of a piston 62 working in a cylinder 68 and connected by means of rod 64 with weightoperating member 25. An intake valve 65 and apertures 66 into cylinder 63 are provided whereby when piston 62 rises said cylinder will be filled withair. lhen the piston falls this air will be driven through outlet valve 67 into chamber 61 from vwhich it may enter engine cylinder 22 through port 89 when said port is opened by operation of valve closure 44. This pure air cntering the engine cylinder under pressure will drive Y out the remaining combustion gases therein, completing exhaust in timeA for the reception 0f the fuel charge from the charging valve 40. This valve is connected by means of pipe 68 with a charg- 3,2.

ing chamber 69,- valve 70 connecting pipe 68 with carbureter mechanism of known construction, not shown. A series of apertures 71 open from chamber 69 into cylinder 68,

said apertures being located far enough from the top wall of cylinder ('33 so that when piston 62 is in its highest position said piston will cover apertures 71 providing an air cushion above piston 62 to check the up-y ward stroke of the engine should the explosive charge be large enough to require such checking. A similar arrangement of the aperture 66 near lthe bottom wall of cylinder G3 provides air cushioning means to check the downward stroke if for any cause the exhaust port should fail to be closed at the proper time. It will be noted that when piston G2 descends explosive mixture from the carbureter will be drawn into chamber 69 through valve 70 and pipe 68, and when piston G2 rises this charge will be compressed so that the same will fiow under pressure into cylinder 22 when charging port l0 is uncovered in the proper cycle of the operation of the machine. By filling chamber G9 to a greater or ess degree with water, the compression of the charge may be corresj'iondingly varied.

'lhc valve closure fl-t is oscillated a semirerolution ilorward and back at each downward stroke of engine piston 23, and this operation of the valve is effected through the pressure of the fluid in the pump cylinder b v the following means An auxiliary cylinder 72 is provided, the base of which is surrounded by an enlarged cylindrical chamber 73 in communication with the main pumping cylinder 29 and communicating with the interior of cylinder 72 by means ofv a row of ports 74 adjacent the top of cylinder 73 and a. single port 7 5 opening through the side of said cylinder 72 and adapted to be closed, as desired, by a choke valve 7 G. A. piston 77 works in cylinder 72 and has depending therefrom a rod 78 connected with a hollow piston ring 79, the 'piston 77 and piston ring 79 being spaced so that when said piston ring 79 is in its lowered position resting upon the floor of cylinder chamber 72 piston .77 will occupy a position just above the ring of ports 7 4. A rack bar 80 is connected with piston 77 and is formed to slide within cylinder 72 so that the teeth S3 thereof will engage a pinion S4 loose on a shaft S5 journaled in

brackets

86, 87 se cured to

cylinders

72 and 29,l respectively.

he shaft 85 has fast thereon a ratchet wheel 8S and a crank disk 89, the ratchet ,wheel 8S being engaged by a ratchet 90 on a radial arm 84a carried by pinion S/l, so that when rack member 80 moves up rotation of pinion S4 will be communicated to shaft S5 through ratchet 90 and ratchet wheel S8. while return movement will be effected without operating shaft S5. Crank disk 89 has thereon a pin 91 operating in a a slot 92 in an arm 93 of a lever centrally pivot-ed at 9i to a Nracket 95 carried by a frame member. The upper end 96 of said pivot lever is provided with a rack segment 97 in mesh with a` bevel pinion 9S fast on the lower end of tubular valve stem flG, As pump piston 2S starts to descend pressure will be communicated to piston 77 in cylinder 72 and the same will be forced upward, since the .piston ring 79 being hollow or tu bular permits said ring to rise unchecked by the pressure of the water in cylinder 72. The effect of this upward movement is to rotate crank disk S9 and, through pin 91 engaging in slot 92, rock leve;I arm 96, by means of which rack segment 97 rotates valve closure 411 to uncover successively exhaust port 38 and scavenger port 39. The upward movement of piston 77 necessary to effect this result will bring piston ring 79 opposite the ring of ports 7 lwith the result that pressurev will be cut ofi from that source, but liquid still may flow through port 75, at a reduced rate, however, which is determined by the degree of closure effected by choke valve 70. This results iuren tarding the movement of valve closure 44 during the opening of charging port L.l0 to permit gering of the engine cylinder. lllhen the .piston ring 79 has passed beyond ports 74e piston 77 will continue its rapid rise com pleting opening of charging port l0 and thereafter, by reason of return movement of pin 91 operating in slot 92, will return lever 96 to initial position, closing in quick succession all of the valves.

It is noted that the pinion 84 is of such size and the movement of rack 80 in mesh therewith by piston 77 is of snchextent, that the full stroke of said piston and rack will rotate the pinion Sil a full turn, thus taking the pin 91 from its outward or normal position to the extreme inward position, and immediately returning it again to said outward position. This movement effects the valve operations through lever 96 and connections, as above described.

Figs. G and 7 show the application of the above described valve operating means to an engine cylinder provided with exhaust and charging ports only. In this structure a fuel mixture chamber 99 is provided, con` nected through intermediate chamber 100 and

valves

101 and 102 with carburete'r mechanism, not shown, said chamber 100 opening into cylinder 22 through a series of ports 103 similar in position and function to ports 71'in cylinder 63. This arrangecompletion of exhaust and scarenment is such. that downward movement of The valve closure 101 is provided with oppositely positioned closing

members

105, 106 with an intervening open portion 107, the portion 100 being double the width of the portion 105 and operating above fuel intake port 10. The oscillation of valve closure 101L is of less extent than that of valve closure 11, being but little more than a quarter revolution each way, and results first in uncovering exhaust port 3S, charging port y-l-.0 remaining covered by reason of the greater width of the portion 106. Retarding takes place in this form of valve closure as in the other form iust before opening of' charging port 10. To prevent possible dainage from return. movement of the weightoperatiire` member in case exhaust valve 33 should fail to be closed at the proper time, cylinder may be provided with a flanged rim 108 forming a cylindrical air cushioning space 109 with which a disk 110 surrounding piston rod 21 below a cross bar of weightoperating member 25 would cooperate should the descending piston fail to be properly checked byY compression of a charge within cylinder 22.

ln the form of my device shown in Figs. 3 and 13, exhaust port 11 is provided with a stein valve 111, scavenger port 12 with a stem valve 112, and. charging port 13 with a stem valve 113. Port 11 opens into an exhaust pipe 111, scavenger port 12 'opens into a pipe 115 leading to a storage chamber 110 in which air is compressed through operation of the upper portion of piston 23 by means of intake valve 117 and outlet valve 118. Charging port 13 is connected by means of pipe 119 with a fuel storage chamber 120. The fuel mixture is forced under pressure into chamber 120 by means of a ypiston 121 operating in a cylinder 122 above engine cylinder 22 and connected with weight-operating member 25 by means of piston rod 123, the interior of cylinder 122 being connected by means of a series of ports 121 with an intermediate chamber 125 having valve connection 126 with carbureter mechanism, not shown, and valve connection 127 with interior of chamber 120.

Valves

111, 112 and 113 are pivoted to

levers

12S, 129 and 130, respectively, which levers op era-te through slots in frame member 20, and

are pivoted at their outer ends to

brackets

131, 132 and 133, respectively, said brackets being of such length relative to frame member 2O that the distance between the points of pivotingl to said brackets and. to the valve stems will be equal in each lever. Journaled in

cross pieces

131 and 135 is a cam shaft 130 provided with a series of cams 137 13S and 139. rJChe shape and. relative positions the-reof on the cam shaft is diagrammatr cally indicated in Fig. 10, the positions there shown indicating the normal or inoperative position. in which the faces of the cams are all horizontal and in parallel relation with the valve levers 128, 129 and 130, respectively, but spaced therefrom slightly, as indicated in Fig. 13, said valve levers being` held in their lowered positions to close the valves by means of springs 110. 1t will be noted that the high or active portions of the

cams

137, 133 and 139 are so formed and lated to one another that when cam shaft 130 is rotated it will operate first to lift exhaust valve 111 and immediately thereafter wil lift scavenger valve 112, but will not lift fuel intake valve 113 until near the end of its semi-revolution with the result that opening of-thc charging valve is retarded relatively to opening of the other valves.

The cam shaft 13G has fast thereon a ratchet wheel 111, and is also provided with a pinion 112 loose on said shaft and having a ratchet tooth 113 engaging the ratchet wheel 111. Secured to yoke-operating member 25 is a rack 111 the teeth of which mesh with the teeth of pinion 112. As shown in lfig. 11, gear 112 is mutilated or segmental, and a pin 151 or 151', in either position, is engaged by a spring 115 which retains the gear in position to certainly engage rack teeth 111 at the moment of the starting of movement thereof in either direction. 1t is necessary to employ a structure of this sort since the stroke of weight-operating merrber 25 and rack 111will vary while the cam shaft 136 must always be rotated a half revolution. For this reason ratchet wheel 111 is provided with but two diametrically opposite ratchet

teeth

116 and 117 which are adapted to oscillate backwardly when ratchet arm 113 movesbackwardly to permit the same to pass said teeth but which will be held in the path of'said ratchet arm so` that the same will rotate the ratchet disk 111v and cam shaft 136 when pinion 112 swings ratchet arm 113 in the opposite direction during descending movement of rack 111.

Fig. 12 represents a friction device for accomplishing the same purpose, in which a friction surface 118 takes the place of rack 111 and a friction wheel 119 of pinion 112, the friction wheel being cut away, as shown at 150, and the spring 115

engaging pins

151, 151 on said friction wheel to hold the same in active engagement with friction surface 113. IThe friction surface member 118 may be connected by spring means to a back plate 152 having set

screws

153 and 151 for positioning the friction member 118 so as to provide the most effective possible working surface. As shown, the curved surface of wheel 119 may have slight eccentricity.

It will be understood that the work accomplished by my engine may be varied by varying the proportion of fuel and air in the explosive mixture supplied to the engine cyl inder, this variation being effected by well known means in the carbureter mechanism. It is true, however, that in any event the stroke of such an engine will vary, since it is connected with no crank axle or other part having a determinate movement. Since exhaust and charging both taking place during the descending stroke of the piston, the point at which the compressed charge in ythe cylinder will terminate the down-stroke will vary materially, as well as the point of termination of the Lip-stroke brought about by variation in the explosive power in the force exerted by the explosion of di'fercnt charges. Spar-king, however, should take place at the point oftermination of the descending stroke or preferably after the cxpansion of the compressed charge has reacted to begin the return of the parts. For producing this sparking action, properly timed, 1 have aranged a contact 155 in the circuit of the ignition system, the same being mounted upon a bracket 156 secured to the frame members, said contact being adjustably held on bracket 156 by means of a bolt 157 engaging in a slot 158 in the contact bracket 15:1. Ik lever 1139 is provided at the free end thereof with a contact member 160 adapted to contactl with contact member 158 and close the circuit for producing` an ignition spark, the lower end of said lever being fast on a shaft 261 extending between

brackets

162 and 162 extended from frame members 2G and 21. The shaft 261 has fast thereon a collar 262 adjacent the head of lever 159, a similar collar, 264i, being secured to shaft 261 near the bearing thereof in bracket 162. Loose on shaft 261 is a friction wheel 161, one face of which abuts the base plate 263 of arm 159. the other face normally contacting with a friction plate 265 loose on shaft 261 and pressed against friction wheel 161 by a coil spring 161 surrounding shaft 261 and extending between collar 264 on said shaft and a tubular extension 266 fast on plate 265. All of the force of spring 161. therefore, is Yexerted in frictionally clamping roller 161. bctwcen friction plate 265 and base plate 263. Friction plate 265 is provided with a finger 267 extending freely through an aperture in an extended portion 168 of base plate 263, so that friction plate will be free to move laterally on the shaft 261, but will be constrained to rotate with said shaft and the arm 159 carried thereby. The friction wheel 1:19 is engaged and rotated by a friction har 163 pivoted at 16Jc to weight operating member 25 and additionally secured to said member by a pin 165 extending' through a slot 166 in friction plate 163, a spring 167 engaging the lower end of said plate and resiliently pressing the same against the friction wheel 161. The pr jection 168 on the base plate 263 is arranged to engage an arm 16( extending from bracket arm 162,

Vas a cushion to prevent pounding.

limiting the movement of lever arm 159 in an outward direction during the downward stroke of the Weightbperating member. 1li/Then, however, said member starts to ascend coaction of the friction surfaces and friction wheel 161 rwill rock the lever arm 159 bringing contact 160 into conjunction with contact 155 to close a circuit and effect sparking action. By adjusting the fixed contact member 1515 inwardly or outwardly the exact point in the re-bound or return stroke of the engine at which sparking shall be effected can be regulated with the utmost nicety.

When my engine is used for pumping it Vwill be desirable to provide means for automatically stoppingand restarting action thereof in accordance with the condition or quantity of fluid in the storage tank connected vith the pump, for which purpose 1 have devised the following means. Secured to a storage tank 169 for receiving the iiuid from the pump is a bracket arm 170 upon which is centrally pivoted a lever 171 pivotally connected at one end with a float 172 and at the other end with a link 173, said link being pivotally connected with an arm 1.741 and a lever pivoted at 175 to a bracket 176. A rocking member 177 is pivoted at 178 to a lower corner of the weight-operating member 25, said rocking member comprising a horizontally extended portion 179 and a vertical member 180 for engaging weight-operating member 25 to limit the rocking movement of member 177 in one direction. rllhe vertical arm of the member 180 is channel-shaped in cross section and closely engages the member 14C so that it acts Horizontally extended member 179 is pivotally connected with link 181 which in turn is pivoted at its end to a link 182 pivoted at 183 to a fixed member, link 183 having a foot -portion 181 engaged by a spring 185 tending to press the upper end of link 182 against the rounded end 186 of a short arm 187 extending out from pivot 175 of lever 174. The combined length of

links

181 and 182 is such that a minimum upward stroke of the weight-operating member will extend them into a common line, any excess of stroke thercover rocking member 17 7 against the pressure of a spring 188 provided for normally holding member 180 in contact with weight-operating member 2F. When the level of the water in tank 169 is below a. certain point, descent of float 172 through connecting parts will position lever 187 so as to break the joint between

links

181 and 182 inwardly, which will permit jack-kniiing of said links and continuous operation ofthe machine. But when the level of the contents of the tank rises to a predetermined point the head 186 will be drawn back so that the said joint, held in engagement therewith at Y be necessary, when there is little or no back lclosure 200 covering ports 192.

pressure in the pump by reason of the container being empty, or pumping taking p lace through an open pipe, as in the case oit irrigating pumps, that means shall be provided,-

to create such a. pressure within the cyliinler at .the commencement oli the stroke thereof as will insure operation of piston 7T. To accomplish this end l provide in an outlet pipe of the pump, high outlet valves 191, a special valve port 192 in a partition 198, extending across outlet pipe 190 and separating it from archamber 1911 formed in the course ot outlet pipe 190. Chamber 194i is provided with an rip-standing member 195 upon which is secured a bracket 196 and to this bracket a lever 197 is centrally fulcrumed, a link 198 being pivotally connected to one arm of said lever and a link 199 being pivotally connected to the other arm of said lever. Pivotally connected to link 198 is a Chamber 19s is formed with a cylindrical portion 201 in which operates a piston 202 pivotally connected to link 199, piston 202 being actuated. by a powerful coil spring 203 to rock lever 197 in a direction to force closure 200 down upon port 192, spring 203 being subject to regulation by means of a set screw 204 threaded into the bottom wall of cylinder 201 and engaging a socket plate 205 which forms the support for one end of spring 203. screw 204, the operation o'i' spring 203 may be varied, resulting in increasing or decreasing the force exerted upon closure 200. ln order that this mechanism shall operate with certainty and with sul'iicientV quiclmess` .it is necessary that piston 202 shall move freely in cylinder 201 and, to effect this, a joint which is not strictly air or water tight must be used. Some leakage therefore will take place and toV permit escape of the fluid so leaking, a port 205 is provided in the bottom wall of cylinder 201, said port being closed by a block 207 on the end oi a rod 208 secured to piston 202 and sliding through plate 205. The area of piston 202 will be conI siderably greater than that of port 193, the

ratio being two to one, or more or less7 as desired. ln operation, therel'ore, pressure generated by pumping piston 28 may over come the pressure of spring 203 and lift valve 200, when such pressure is greater than l that exerted by special spring. It, however,

the pressure exerted by- By operating said the pressure in the container connected with outlet pipe 190 rises above a certain point, such pressure exerted upon piston 202, being greater than the whole force of spring` 203 plus the pressure exerted upon closure 200, will force said piston downward, holding valve 200 up so as to open port 192 and forcing block 207 into vent 206 to close said vent. This device therefore will operate to increase pressure in the pumping cylinder only untii the back pressure therein, due to pressure in the container ot the pump, falls below a predetermined point.

The operation of my device has been fully given in connection with the detailed dcscription thereof and will be readily understood. The engine, which is primarily inA tended for pumping purposes, is simple in construction and wholly etiicient in operation. It will be obvious, however, that various modiiications in form and use may be contrived which fall within the scope of my invention and l do not desire to limit mysclt' to the precise structure or arrangement ot' parts shown and described.

claim:

1. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected tothe weight and adapted to lift the saine through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port and a charging port, means or delivering an explosive mixture under pressure connected with said charging port, and means actuated by and during the descent of the weight' for successively opening said ports.

2. En combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereor' connected to the weight and adapted to litt the same through variable distance: the cylinder of said engine being pro vided with an. exhaust port, a scavenger port and a charging port, means for de liver-ing air under pressure connected with the scavenger port, means 'for delivering an explosive mixture under pressure cmincctcd with the charging port, and means actuated through and during descent of the weight for successively opening said ports.

f l. ln combination, a 'weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances` the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port, a scavenger port and a charging port, means for delivering air under pressure connected with 'the scavenger port, means ttor delivering an explosive mixture under pressure connected with the charging port, means actuated through and during descent et the weight tor successiveliY opening said ports, and means for retarding action oit said opening means at the moment oit opening the charging port to permit completion of exhaust and scavengering before admission of explosive mixture.

4. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port, a scavenger port and a charging port, means for delivering air under pressure connected with the scavenger port, means for delivering an explosive mixture under pressure connected with the charging port, an oscillating closure, and means actuated through and duiing descent of the weight to oscillate said closure.

5. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port and with a charging port, means operative in conjunction with' the engine piston for compressing an explosive mixture having connection with said charging port, and means actuated by and during the descent of the weight for successively opening` and closing said ports in relatively timed order to effect exhaust and charging of the engine cylinder during each return stroke of the piston.

6. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with exhaust, scavengering and charging ports,

an air-supply chamber connected with the scavengering port, an explosive mixture chamber connected with the charging port,

= means operative in conjunction with the engine piston for drawing in and compressing air and explosive mixture in their respective chambers, and means actuated by and during the descent of the weight for successively opening' and closing said ports in relatively timed order to effect exhaust,

scavengering and charging of the engine cylinder during each return stroke of the piston.

7. In combination, weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with exhaust, scavengering and charging ports, air-supply chain-ber connected with the scavengering port, an explosive mixture chamber connected with the charging port, a closed auxiliary cylinder and piston therein connected with the engine piston, valved connections between said auxiliary cylinder and each of said chambers suoli that the up stroke of the piston will draw in air and compress the contents of the explosive-mixture-chamber, the down stroke compressing air in the scavengering chamber and drawing in the explosive mixture from the carbureter, and means actuated by and during the descent of the weight for successively opening and closing said ports in relatively timed order to effect exhaust, scavengering and charging of the engine cylinder during each return stroke of the piston.

8. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with exhaust, scavengering and charging ports, an air-supply chamber connected with the scavengering port, an explosive mixture chamber connected with the charging port, la closed auxiliary cylinder' and piston therein connected with the engine piston, Valved connections between said auxiliary cylinder and each of said chambers such that the up stroke of the piston will draw in air and compress the contents of the explosive-mixture chamber, the down stroke compressing 'air in the scavengering chamber and drawing in the explosive mixture from the carbureter.

9. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with exhaust, scavengering and charging ports, an air-supply chamber connected with the scavengering port, an explosive mixture chamber connected withthe charging port, a closed auxiliary cylinder and piston therein connected with the engine piston, valved connections between said auxiliary cylinder and each of said chambers such that the up stroke of the piston will draw in air and compress the contents of the explosive-mixture chamber, the down stroke compressing air in the scavengering chamber and drawing in the explosive mixture from the carbureter, and said connections including ports provided in the auxiliary cylinder spaced from the top and bottom walls thereof respectively to provide in conjunction with said auxiliary piston aircushioning means to limit the engine stroke in both directions.

l0. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port and a charging port, means for delivering an explosive mixture under pressure connected with the charging port, means actuated by and during the descent` of the weight for successively opening said ports, and air cushioning means to limit the engine stroke in both directions.

11. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the1 piston thereof connected to the Weight and adapted to lift the same variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port and with a charging port, an explosive mixture chamber connected with the charging port, valved connections opening from said chamber into the engine cylinder, means vassociated with said chamber and connected With the engine piston to effect compression of the mixture in said chamber at each outward stroke of the engine piston and to draiv in mixture from the carbureter at each return stroke, and means actuated by and during the descent of the Weight for successi vely opening and closing said ports in relatively timed order to effect exhaust and charging of the engine cylinder during each return stroke of the piston.

l2. In combination, a Weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the vveight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided in the floor thereof with a series of ports for exhausting, scavengering and charging the cylinder, a member having spaced open and closed portions, the closed portions resting upon said floor and adapted to close said ports, and means for rotating said member to open successively said ports.

13. ln combination, a Weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof coninected to the Weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided in the floor thereof with a series of ports for exhausting, scavengering and charging the cylinder, a disk having openings therein and resting upon said floor so that the solid portions thereof are over said ports, and means actuated through and during descent of the Weight for oscillating said closure to cause the same to open and close said ports successively.

14. In combination, a Weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift thc same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided in the floor thereof with a series of ports for exh austin g, sca vengering and charging the cylinder, a hollow member extending Within the engine cylinder and having portions thereof resting upon `said floor over said ports, means actuated through and during the descent of the Weight for operating said member to cause the same to open and close the ports successively, and means for injecting a cooling liquid within the cavity of .said member.

15. In combination, a weight and an explosive enginc having the e piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with a plurality of ports for operating the same,l

a single valve closure for opening and closing all of said ports in successively timed relation, a pump having the piston thereof connected with said Weight, and means artu ated by fluid compression in the pump for operating said valve closure.

17. ln combination, a Weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the Weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided in the floor thereof ivith a series of ports for operating the same, a single disk closure resting over said ports and provided ivith a stem extending `Without said cylinder, a pump having the piston thereof connected with said Weight, an auxiliary cylinder opening into'A the pump cylinder, and a piston Working in said auxiliary cylinder and having Yconnection ivith said closure stem, whereby descent of the Weight and the pump piston will oscillate said disk and cause the same to open and close said ports successively.

18. ln combination, a Weight and an explosive engine having-the piston thereof connected to the Weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided in the `floor thereof ivith a series of ports for operating the same, apump having the piston thereof connected ivith said Weight, means connected ivith the cylinder of the pump for adapting the same to cause the pumping piston to generate a predetermined pressure on the fluid Within the pumping cylinder without regard to back pressure from the storage tank With which the pump is connected, and means operated by the pressure of the fluid in said pump generated by the descent of said piston and Weight for opening and closing said ports in successively timed relation.

19. In combination,xa Weight and an plosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the Weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the c vlinder of said engine being provided in the floor thereof with a, series of ports for op erating the same, a single disk closure resting over said ports and provided ivith a stem extending Without said cylinder, a pump having the piston thereof connected Vwith said weight, an auxiliary cylinder opening into the pump cylinder through an annular series of ports centrally positioned on said auxiliary cylinder and a single port spaced therefrom, a valve for closing said single port to the extent desired, a piston working in said auxiliary cylinder having connection with said closure stem and a ring piston working in said cylinder and connected with said last named piston, whereby descent of the pump piston will force the fluid compressed thereby through said annular ports and said single port to cause the auxiliary piston to oscillate said disk, said ring piston operating to check the movement thereof when it comes opposite said annular ports.

20. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with an exhaust port and with a charging port opening through the bottom of said cylinder, an oscillating closure having wings normally covering said ports, the wing over the charging port being wider than the wing over the exhaust port so that the exhaust port will be opened in advance of the charging port, and means for oscillating said closure.

2l. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, the cylinder of said engine being provided with a series of ports for operating the same, a single oscillating closure for all of said ports, a pump having the piston thereof connected with said weight, an auxiliary cylinder having connection with the pump cylinder, a piston in said auxiliary cylinder operable by the fluid compressed in the pumping cylinder, and means connecting said piston with the closure' so that movement of said piston in outward direction only will oscillate said closure in both directions to open and close said ports successively.

22. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, a pivoted member provided with means for closing a circuit to effect ignition in the cylinder, and means having connection with said weight and piston operating during ascent thereof to actuate said pivoted member to close said circuit.

23. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, a pivoted member provided with means for closing a circuit to effect ignition in the cylinder, a friction wheel engaging said pivoted member, a

friction strip connected with the weight and engine cylinder and engaging said wheel, and means limiting movement of said member in one direction, whereby upward movement of the friction strip will operate said pivoted member to cause the same to close the circuit. p

24. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, a pivoted arm having at the end thereof a switch member in the ignition circuit ofthe engine, an adjustable'contact with which said switch is vadapted to cooperate to close said circuit,

and means having connection with said weight and piston operating during ascent thereof onlyto swing said arm on its pivot and close said circuit.

25. In combination, a weight and a two cycle explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, an ignition system, a valve system, means operated through and during the descent of said weight for operating said valve system, and means for operating the ignition during the active stroke.

26. In combination, a weight and a two cycle explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, a pump having the piston thereof connected with the weight, an ignition system, a valve system, means operated by the pressure of fluid within the pump for actuating the valve system, and means operated by the activel stroke for operating the igni-l tion system.

27. In combination, a weight and a two cycle explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, an ignition system, a valve system, and means for operating the same, a pump operated by said engine, a storage receptacle of the pump; andy means having connection with said weight for operating said ignition system, and means governed by the condition of the fluid in the storage receptacle of the pump for automatically stopping and restarting said engine.

28. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected to the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, a pump having the piston thereof connected with said weight, a storage tank for receiving the pumped iuid, and means governed by the condition of the fluid in said storage tank for automatically stopping and restarting said engine.

29. In combination, a weight and an explosive engine having the piston thereof connected te the weight and adapted to lift the same through variable distances, ay pump condition of the fuidin said tank for con- 10 operatively connected With said Weight optrolling said lever system.

erating member, a lever system having a In testimony whereof I aiX mysignature iXed fulcrum pivotally connected with said in presence of tWo Witnesses.

Weight operating member and adapted to iold said Weight operating member sus- KENNEDY DOUGAN' -pended and the engine inactive in one posi- Witnesses: tion thereof, a storage tank for receiving the F. A. WHITELEY pumped fluid, and means governed by the S. V. GRIFFIN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.