US1216615A - Apparatus for producing powerful electrical oscillations. - Google Patents

Description

G. SEIBT. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCiNG POWERFUL ELECTRICAL OSCILLATlON S- A llllllllllllllll EC. 222222 9. 1,216,615, Patented Feb. 20,1917 f 4 a sac in 1.

[TS-SH G. SEIBT.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWERFUL ELECTRIGALOSCILLATIONS. APPLICATION FILED 050.21.1909.

1,216,615. Patented Feb. 20,1917.

. 3 SHEETS-SHFET 2.

4 2/ 5/ 4] 5 A T\\ g 2 j 21% 55 III G. SEIBT.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWERFUL ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED 050.27. I909.

1 ,21 6,6 1 5 Patented Feb. 20, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. j

GEORGE SEIBT, OF NEW YOZRIK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, IBY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ATLANTIC COMMUNICATION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING POWERFUL ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS.

7 '0 all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that I, GEORGE SEIBT, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at New York, in the-county. and State of New York, have made a certain new and useful Invention in Apparatus for 'Producand finally pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a view in diagram illustrating certain arrangements including a primary oscillating circuit and a secondary oscillating circuit coupled thereto, for explaining the principles involved in my invention.

Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are oscillation or wave diagrams. I

Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12 13 and 14:, are views showing various arrangements of electrodes and spark gaps adapted for use in attaining the objects and purposes of my invention.

Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18, are circuit diagrams showing various arrangements for carrying my invention into practical operation.

Fig. 19 shows an arrangement for charging the condensers in parallel and discharging them in series in connection with an operative embodiment of myinvention.

Fig. 20 is a view showing the application of a three phase alternating 'currentgener- 'ator employed to charge the condensers.

In Fig. 1 M is a source of current, in this case an alternating current generator, though limited or restricted. Where an alternating current source is employed, the generating circuit is coupled through a transformer, as indicated at D, with a circuit containing a spark gap S, the latter being shunted by a Specification of Letters Patent. Patented, Feb, 20, 1917,

Application filed December 27,1909. Serial No. 534,978.

C, and inductance, and this circuit I will,

hereinafter refer to as a primary oscillating ClI'Clllt. This primary oscillating circuit is suitably coupled, inductively or otherwise, as through the inductance coils L, with a lecting resistance,

in which I, is the wave length of the circuits before coupling, and K, is the coupling factor 'whose value is an I In Fig. 2 I have shown the form of the oscillations set up in the primary circuit I, and in Fig. 3 I have shown'the form of oscillations induced or set up in the coupled secondary circuit II. An examination of in this respect my invention is not to be circuit I, containing capacity, indicated at so that, commencin these diagrams reveals the fact that in the beginning when a spark I discharge takes place in circuit I there is no energy in circuit-II and consequentlythe'oscillations in in circuit II commence-with zero value. The

energy in the primary oscillating circuit I,

however, sets up oscillations in circuit II, with zero value at the beginning, the amplltudes of the oscillations in circuit II increase, as the correspondin amplitudes of the oscillationsin circuitr z decrease, thereby producing beats, the:

ergy in circuit II influencing the circuitl and again setting up oscillations therein, but

of diminished value to the extent of the, damping that takes place in'the transfor mation from the one circuit to the other.

These resulting oscillations of. diminished energy commenceat'zero Value of amplitude and build up again in amplitude, in circuit I asv the oscillationsin circuit 11'. diminish in amplitude, but. themaximum value ofthe oscillations of the second beat in circuit I with'each other, oscillation beats. may be is less than the maximum value of the oscilcircuit II, but also of correspondingly rejduced maximum amplitude, and so on, till 1 is at zero value in circuit II, the maximum the oscillations'inboth circuits are finally reduced to an infinitesimal value. ample, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, at the instants of time indicated at U, T T etc., the energy is concentratedin circuit I and value of the energy in circuit I at the point T being less than at the point U and being less' at point T than at point T and so on. At the instants of time indicated at T T T etc., the energy is concentrated-in circuit II and is at zero value in .circuitI, the maximum value of the energy in circuit II, being greater at point of time T than at point of time T and greater at T, than at T and so on.v If, however, the natural periods of the.

two circuits I and II, are not in resonance produced which are imperfect and irregular innature, and the energy. which is transferred back and forth between the two 1.80

coupled circuits, is only a lesser part of the entire'discharged energy. I

In the foregoing consideration it is assumedthat the spark gap acts as an ordinary conductor and retains itsconductivity until the. energyof the discharge has been entirely dissipated. This condition is approximated as the metal of the spark gap electrodes becomes vaporized or as the quantity of current discharged through the spark gap is greater and the thermo con ductivity of the materials employed for the spark gap electrodes is smaller. In practice these characteristics and conditions of the spark gap are never fully attained as is demonstrated by the familiar experiment showing that therealways remains residual charge in a Leyden jar after discharging the same through a spark gap, which residual charge is capable of being discharged b reducingthe length of the spark gap. 'Cbnsequently, in practice, after a discharge of the condenser through the. spark gap, such a condition of high resistance is created at the spark gap as to destroy its conductivity and its capacity to act as a conductor for the current before the discharge energy has been entirely dissipated, thereby,

in eflect, snapping off the further flow of current across the spark gap when the current-intensity falls below a certain value. This property of the spark gap of snapping oil the further flow of current thereacross when the current intensity-falls .to a certain value has theefl'ect in coupled systems of opening the primary circuit at the For ex-' points of time indicated at T1, T8, r (Fig.-

2), or at later similar periods of time, when the strength of the current in the primary circuit falls to'zero, and the energy is just being-concentrated in the secondary circuit, thereby, by opening the primary circuit, preventing the return or back flow of energy, at reduced intensity, from the secondary into the primary circuit. From the moment of this snapping offof the ourrent at the spark gap, or the resulting opening of the primary circuit, the secondary circuit takes up an independent oscillation, uninfluenced to any appreciable degree by the coupling thereof to the rimary circuit, the character of the oscillatlons therein being changed so that the two coupled waves .1, "and X disappear and the free oscillation I alone, of the secondary circuit takes place, this freeoscillation, being of slowly *damped form and depending on the natural period of the secondary circuit. In Fig. 4, I have shown the form of oscillation in the secondary circuit when the opening of the primary circuit, or snapping off action of the spark gap, occurs at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in the primary circuit, that'is, at the instant of time indicated by T in Fig. 2, at which the current amplitude in the primary circuit has fallen to zero. From this point on the free oscillations in the secondary circuit continue in the form of slowly damped waves, as indicated in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5 I have shown the form of oscillation in thesecondary circuit when the opening of theprimary circuit, or snapping ofl action of the spark gap, occurs at the end of the second beat of the oscillations inthe primary circuit, that is, at instant of time indicated at T in Fig. 2,- and from this time on the oscillations in the secondary circuit are slowly damped free oscillations, commencing with an amplitude diminished as compared with the amplitude of the freeoscillations in said circuit when the snapping ofi of the spark gap occurred at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in the primary circuit." Consequently the earlier the primary circuit is opened, after a spark discharge takes place, that is the earlier the spark is snapped oil, as above explained, the stronger will be the initial free oscillations in the secondary circuit, as compared with the oscillations of the coupled systems. Should the spark gap snap ofi' afterthe first beat in the primary circuit, that is at the instant of time indicated by reference letter T then the coupled wave practically. disappears and the natural oscillation alone remains, provided the coupling of the systems is sufficiently strong. On the other hand, if the spark does not snap off until a later. period of time in the succession of beats, then its coupled waves become more powerful and the free oscillations in that case can be culty.

In Fig. 6, I have shown the resonance curve of the coupled system where the spark snaps- From the foregoin considerations it will be seen that in practical operation it is ,de-

sirable that the spark snaps ofi', or is quenched, or, in another expression of the idea, that the primary circuit is opened, at a the instant when the current amplitude first reaches zero value in the primary circuit,

or at the spark gap, and that the duration of in the primary circuit with corresponding reduction of the energy in the primary circuit to substantially zero value as indicated by the diagrams, in which case the maximum of efliciency is attained in the transformation of energy from the primary to the secondary. circuit.

In successfully accomplishing the rapid transfer of energy from the primary to the secondary circuit, in accordance with my invention, I proposeto utilize, in practice, and in some forms of embodiment of apparatus, the general principles familiarly, employed in the production of undamped electrical oscillations by the arc method, with certain modifications thereof, as will be pointed out hereinafter. I

In the practical attainment of the objects, purposes and, advantages of my invention, many specifically different constructions and .arrangements of spark-gap terminals may, be employed, and having the property or characteristic of opening the primary circuit, or snapplng ofl", asv above explained.

In Fig. 7 ,I have shown such a spark gap.

in which are employed'hollow electrodes 21,

22, containing water, as shown. With this arrangement it willbe evident that the temperature of the electrodes will not exceed the boiling point of water.

In Fig. 8, I have lshown an arrangement wherein the electrodes 23, extend into an air tight chamber 24. By thus excluding the oxygen, of the air from the spark gap terminals, the surface of the electrodes is prevented from oxidizing, and since oxidization interferes with the conduction of the heat developed in the electrodes, I have found it very important to keep the surfaces of the electrodes free from oxid'. I may also,

if desired, maintain the spark gap in an atmosphere of a gas, org'aseous compound,

or mixture possessinga -high thermal conductivity, suchfor instance as hydrogen gas, thechamber, as 24, being filled w th such gas, compound or mixture.

In Fig. 9 I have shown another arrangement of spark gap suitable for use in car;

observed only with diet;

the surface area of the electrodes. case the electrodes or spark gap terminals,

rying my invention into'practical use, wherein the spark gap terminals, or electrodes 25, are presented toward each other in the lower or cold portion of a flame 26. I have found an alcohol flame suitable for the purpose, but do not wish to be limited in this 'respect, as, instead of an alcohol flame, I may use any combustible mixture containing hydrogen.

In Fig. 10, I have shown a plurality of spark gaps with the electrodes 27 thereof connected up in series.

In Fig. 11, -I have shown a plurality of spark gaps arranged within an airtight chamber 28, into which the terminals or objects and purposes of my invention, wherein the desired dissipation of heat and artificlal cooling is accomplished by increasing In this are in the form of disks, 31, separated from each other by'an insulating washer 30, interposed therebetween, said disks having extended heat radiating or dissipating surfaces.

In Fig. 13, I have shown a plurality of such disks 32, superposed the one upon another, and each separated'from the next adjacent one on either side thereof by insulating washers 33.

Fig. 14 shows a plurality disks .34,

superposed upon but separated from each other by insulating washers 35, the. disks being held between two clamp heads 36, 37 l V with heavy insulation 38 interposed between the'cla-mp heads and outer disks, said heads being held together by a central rod 39,

passing centrally through the disks but insulated therefrom by the insulating sleeve 40..

I have found it preferable to employ electrodes having a high thermal conductivity,- such as silver, copper, gold or bronze.v

In the case of the disk form of electrode,

as shown in. Figs. 12 to 14, inclusive, each disk may be provided with a groove'4l, see Figs. 12 and 12,, on each face thereof, said grooves being concentric with the geometric center of the disk, and outside of the grooves 41, the disks may have a narrow flat ortion 42, and it is'between these flat peripheral portions that the insulating washers '30, 33, 35, are interposed, thereby leaving the central portions of the disks very slightly separated from each other, as indicated at 43, to form the spark gap. Beyond or outside of the bearing portions 42, the disks are provided with extended peripheral flanges 44, which, if desired, may; be of decreasing thicknessou'twardly. By this construction of disk electrodes, it will be seen that -I most eflicient manner.

secure the desired functioning of the electrodes, in accomplishing the snapping off, or

quenching, of the spark discharge, or opening of" the primary c1rcuit,- in accordance with the principles of my invention, and in a.

In all cases the spark gap between the electrodes should be very short.

While I have shown various specific forms of electrodes and arrangements thereof as operative embodiments of the principles of my invention, I do not desire to be limited or restricted, in the broad-scope of my invention, as defined in the;claims, to any specific form, construction, or arrangement of the electrodes, .and many other specific structures of electrodes might be employed without departure from my invention;

In carrying into practical operation various circuit arrangements may be employed. Thus, in Fig. 15, I have shown a plurality of spark gaps F, fed from a suitable source of current, which may be either'a direct current source or an alternating current source. In the particular form shown an alternating current generator M, is employed. The'spark gap F-is shunted by a circuit containing capacity, such as a'condenser C, and an inductance, such as a self induction coil S in series with each other, after the 'usual scheme of radio telegraphic arrangement. In practice, I prefer toemploy an adjustable or variable self inductance S The antenna A may be associated with and coupled to the oscillating system which includes the spark gap, in any suitable or well known manner. In Fig. 15, I have shown the antenna system conductively coup'ledwith the inductance S and, if desired, an adjustable or variable self induction S may also be included in the antnna system. Also, if desired, a. current measuring instrument, suchas a hot wire or other convenient form of ammeter indicated at J may be included in the antenna circuit. In practice, I propose to employ a current source having a potential such as is readily capable of breakingdowm or effecting' a disruptive discharge across the air space or spaces of the spark gap, and I have found a voltage of from 1000lto.100,000'

suitable for my purposes. v

In Fig. 16, I have shown a w re d1agram in which the antenna A, is inductlvely associated or coupled with the priinaryoscillating circuit, as by lnductivelyassjocl'atlng the coilsS S Inthis case I also show an alternating current source M, the generating circuit carrying the current from the source M, being coupled to the primary 0s cillating circuit through a transformer P.

In this: case I have also shown the conoperating group's.

gamers I denser G and multiple spark gap F, transposed as compared withithe' arrangement shown in Fig. 15. 1

In Fig. 17,1 have shown a usual form of circuit connections for radio telephony, employing a source of direct current, indicated at- M, and containing resistance or choke coils L L in the leads thereof. A multiple spark gap F, has its terminals connected in the circuit of the source of current, and this spark gap is shunted by an oscillating circult containing a condenser E, and inductance S The antenna A, is inductively associated with the primary oscillating circuit, through {coils S S and a microphone T, is connected in series in the grounded side of the antenna circuit.

In Fig. 18, I have shown a modification of the arrangement of Fig. 17, wherein an intermediate circuit R, having a low dampprlmary oscillating circuit and the antenna, otherwise the arrangement remains the same as above described with reference to Fig. 17, the intermediate circuit B being inductively associated with the primary oscillating circuit through coils S S and the antenna bein inductively associated with the intermedlate circuit B, through coils S S The intermediate circuit R contains a condenser C in the usualmanner. p

In Fig. 19, I have shown-an arrangement whereby a plurality of condensers C are .charged in parallel and discharged in series change the wave length. Of course it is to .be understood that the antenna is coupled to each of these induction coils S In Fig. 20 I have shown an arrangement of three phased alternating current generator and the spark gaps and condensers coupled up in three corresponding and co- With this arrangement when one spark gap has just finished discharging, and while the potential of the ing' coeflicient is interposed between the machine is momentarily below the discharge voltage, one of the other spark gaps will perform its function. 3

In the art of wireless or radio telephony it is of great importance that'the individual "condenser discharges follow each other closely thereby increasing the audible fre-' quency to such a point that it will no longer produce a maternal disturbance in the telelphone atthe receiving" station; I am con:

vinced that it is not necessary to increase this group frequency so as to approach the limit of audition since it, is possible to dispropose to employ the-following methods A. Bythe diminution of noise by the use of alternating currents .ofseveral thousand cycles, say 5000 or more per second, and also by the production of a large number of partial discharges from each cycle.

B. By employing a direct current of high potential, say of "1000 or more volts, and since direct current machines cannot beoperated to secure or deliver potentials higherthan. about'8000 volts, I propose to use the method-in which a plurality of condensers are employed, said condensers beingcharged in parallel and discharged in series, as indicated in Fig. 19.

C. To use three phase alternating current and connect the spark gaps in three groups accordingly, so that when one spark gap has just finished discharging andwhile the potential of the machine is momentarily below the discharge voltage, one or the other spark gaps will properly function.'

In all cases we have on-hand a method for producing the required number of discharges per second. This-I propose to do by, regulating the source of current. ,Should one, for example, employ a're'sonance transformer operated by alternating currents, it is possible to get'along with less dischargesper second, as is customary in the old spark telegraphic meth'ods. By the use of an alternating current generatorof several hundred or thousand cycles, I am enabled to produce a pleasant, musicalnote in the re- .ceiving station and can finally bring the succeeding discharges of the condenser so close together that we pass beyond the'limit. of human audition. 1

- In order to get the required number of discharges per second it is evident that 7 there must be neans at hand by which the I potential to which the condensers are charged can be regulated.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that, in accordance with the method embodying the principles of my invention,

- by opening the primary oscillating circuit through the snapplng ofi o f...the*-spark .dis-

charge at the instant the current amplitude at the spark gap attains zero value in a system employing coupled or inter-related circuits I am enabled to-produce slowly damped radiations which give a high musical note in the receiver, capable of being readily and easily distingulshed notwithstanding ordinary interference, and by opening the primary oscillating circuit or' snapping ofl' the sparkdischarge at the instant the current amplitude in saidcircuit,

, or at the spark gap, first attains zero value,

or at the end of the first beat of the oscil- ,lation I am. enabled to excite, radiate and utilize slowly damped Waves of maximum energy, and by increasing the rate of condenser discharge, or spark discharge, I am enabled to produce slowly "damped wave trains which approach and finally pass the limit of audition, and which, therefore, even if within the range/of audibility, are capable of being utilized for accomplishing the transmission of articulate speech.

Having thus set forth the object and nature of my invention, and various means and arrangements, whatI claim as new and useful, and of my own invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,"

1. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero. value of current amplitude in the pri-. mary circuit at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in the primary circuit and a short spark gap. in the primary circuit formed-to rapidly dissipate the heat gener= ated therein, whereby the spark is quenched and the primary circuit opened at the end of the first beat and useful, powerful, slowly damped free oscillations are produced. in

the secondary oscillating circuit and the two coupled oscillations practically'disappear.-

2. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating'circuits, means for opening the primary oscillating circuit so-quic'kly-that thereby'useful,

powerfulland slowly damped free oscilla-.

tions in the secondaryoscillating circuit are produced and the two coupled oscillations are of no practical efiect, comprising a coupling between said circuits sufiiciently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid "decrease of the oscillations in the primary ClI- cuitand to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit and a short spark gap in the primary circuit' formed to rapidly dissipate the heat developed therein. I

3. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, means for opening the primary oscil- 'lating circuit so quickly that thereby useful,

powerful and slowly damped free oscillations in the secondary oscillating circuit are produced and the two coupled oscillations are of no practical effect, comprising a coupling between said circuits sufliciently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decreasevof the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit and a short spark gap having electrodes of high thermal conductivity in the primary circuit formed to rapidly dissipate the heat developed therein.

4. In an apparatus fordevelopin'g powerj ful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, means for opening the primary oscillating circuit so quickly that thereby use: ful, powerful and slowly damped free oscillations in the secondary oscillating circuit are produced and the two coupled oscillations are of no practical effect, comprising a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and. to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit and a short spark gap having metal electrodes of extended surface and high thermal conductivity in the primary circuit formed to rapidly dissipate the heat developed therein.

5. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and. adjusted to cause arapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and toproducesubstantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in the primary circuit and a short air-tight spark gap in the primary circuit formed to rapidly dissipate the heat generated therein, whereby the spark is quenched and the primary circuit opened at the end of the first beat and useful, powerful, slowly damped free oscillations are produced in the secondary oscillating circuit and the two coupled oscillations practically disappear. j v

6. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating. circuits, a coupling between said circuits suf- 'ficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary c1rcu1t and to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in-the primary circuit and a plurality of short air-tight spark gaps formed to rapidly dissipate the heat generand the primary circuit opened at the end of the first beat and useful, powerful, slowly damped .free oscillations are produced in the secondary oscillating. circuit and the two coupled oscillations practically disappear.

'7. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit at the end of the first beat ofthe oscillations in the primary circuit and a plurality of short spark gaps connected in series in the primary circuit formed tov rapidly dissipate the heat generated therein, whereby the spark is quenched and the primary circuit opened at the end of the first beat and useful, powerful, slowly damped free oscillations the secondary oscillating circuit and the two coupled oscillations practically disappear.

8. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, means for supplying alternating current to the primary circuit, means for regulating the potential of the current supplied to the primary circuit to secure a regular spark frequency, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit, and a short spark gap in the prim'arycircuit formed to ,rapidly dissipate the heatgenerated in the means for supplying energy to the primary oscillating circuit, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substan tially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in the primary circuit and a short spark gap in the primary circuit formed to rapidly dissipate-the heat developed in the gap whereby the spark is quenched and the primary circuit opened at the end'of the first beat and useful, powerful, slowly damped free oscillations are produced in the secondary oscillating circuit disappear, and means for, regulating the potential of the source of energy supplied to the'primary circuit in order to get the desired group frequency of oscillations to pro-i duce a. clear note within the-limit of audibility.

10. In an apparatus the primary circuit having aregular group frequency, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit at the end of the first beat of the oscillations in the primary circuit and a short spark gap in the primary circuit.

formed to rapidly dissipate the heat generated therein, whereby the spark is quenched and the primary circuit opened at the end of the first beat and useful, powerful, slowly damped free oscillations are produced in the secondary oscillating circuit and the twocoupled oscillations practically disappear.

11. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillationsfcomprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, means for regulating the frequency of ,one of said oscillating circuits, and means for opening the primary oscillating circuit so quickly that thereby useful, powerful and slowly damped free oscillations in the secondary oscillating circuit are produced and the two coupled oscillations are of no practical effect, comprising a coupling between said circuits sufficiently strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease of the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero value of current amplitude in the primary circuit and a short spark gap in the primary circuit formed to rapidly dis-- sipate the heat developed therein.

12. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising coupled primaryrand secondary oscillating circuits, means for preventing oscillations in the secondary circuit from reacting on the primary circuit after the first beat ofthe oscillations in the primary circuit, whereby powerful and slowly damped oscillations of a single frequency are produced in the secondary circuit and the two coupled oscillations are of no practical'efi'ect. i

- 13. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations comprising closely coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, means for preventing retransfer from the secondary circuit of energy received from the primary circuit, wherebypowerful and slowly damped oscillations of a single frequency are produced in the secondary circuit-and-the two coupled oscillations are of no practical effect.

14; In a transmitting apparatus for radio a communication, an alternating source of energy, a closed osclllatlo'n clrcu-it fed from said source and contaming aseries divided spark gap constructed to rapidly for developing pow-v erful electrical oscillations comprising primary and secondary oscillating circuits, c means for exciting electrical oscillations in dissipate the heat generated in the gap, and an antenna circuit, saidcircuits being closely coupled and adjusted to cause a rapid and substantially complete transfer to' the antenna circuit of the energy produced in' the closed circuit, whereby the spark is quenched to prevent the return of .energy from the antenna circuit to the closed circuit and powerful slowly damped oscillations of singler fre'quency are produced in the antenna circuit and thetwo coupled oscillations of the coupled circuits'are of no practical effect.

15. In a transmitting apparatus forradio communication, an alternating current source of energy, a closed oscillation circuit current fed from said source and containing a series divided spark gap'constructed to rapidly dissipate the heat generated in the gap, an

antenna c rcuit in resonance wlth said closedin the closed circuit, means for causing said groups of oscillations in said closed circuit to be uniformly spaced and to correspond in frequency to the alternations of current 'fed to the closed circuit, whereby the return of energy from the antenna circuit to said closed circuit is prevented and powerful slowly damped oscillations. of single frequency are produced in and radiated from the antenna circuit having a regular group frequency and capable of producing in the telephone of the receiving apparatus a clear musical tone.

16. In an apparatus for developing pow-.-

erful electrical oscillations, the combination with inter-related oscillating circuits comprising a primary oscillating circuitand a secondary oscillating circuit coupled to- 'gether, of means for quickly opening the primary inter-related oscillating circuit, at the end of the first beat, permitting the cur-. rent to passin either direction and compris ing a short spark-gap provided with electrodes of high thermal conductivity and a source of electrical current having a potential capable of quickly effecting a disruptive discharge across the spark-gap, and the coupling of said inter-related oscillating "'cii .cuits being sufliciently strong and adjusted to secure such opening of the said oscillating I circuit, whereby powerful, slowly damped free oscillations in thesecondary oscillating circuit are produced and the coupled waves practically disappear, substantially. aside scribed.

. 17. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations, the combination.

with inter-related oscillating circuits. comprising a primary oscillating Circuit and a secondary oscillating circuit coupled to gether, having their natural periods in tune with each other, of means for quickly opening'the primary. oscillating-circuit, at the instant of zero current therein, permitting the current to pass in either direction and comprising a short spark-gap provided with electrodes of high thermal conductivity and a source of electrical current having a potential capable of quickly effecting a disruptive discharge across the spark-gap, and said coupled inter-related oscillating-circuits being provided with coupling varying means and the coupling of said circuits being sufli-' 7 ,ciently "strong and adjusted to Secure such ifcpening of the said oscillating circuit, whereby powerful, slowly dam ed free oscillations in the secondary oscillating circuit are produced and the coupled waves practically disappear, substantially as described.

1 8. Inlan apparatus for developing power;ful electrical oscillations, the combination Ti'with'jcoupl'ed oscillating circuits comprising. a primary oscillating circuit and a secondary oscillating circuit and means for exciting oscillations in the primary circuit, of means for quickly interrupting the coupled effect of said circuits to permit the secondary circuit freely to oscillate, permitting the current to pass ineither direction and comprising a short spark-gap provided with electrodes of high thermal conductivity and a source of electrical current having a potential capable of quickly effecting a disruptive discharge across the spark-gap, and said cou led oscillating circuits'being rovided wit coupling varying means and t e coupling of said circuits being sufliciently strong to secure such quick interruption of the coupled effect of said circuits, whereby powerful, slowly damped free oscillations in the secondary oscillating circuit areproduced and the coupled waves practically disappear, substan tially as described. i

19. In an apparatus for developing pow- 1 erful electrical oscillations, the combination With-a primaryoscillating' circuit and a secondary oscillating circuit, said'circuits being coupled together, of means for exciting electrical oscillations having'a group frequency below the upper. limit of audibility in one I of said circuits, and means for quickly opening said excited circuit, permitting the current to pass in either direction and compris-' ing a short spark-gap provided with electrodes of-high thermal conductivity and a source of electrical current having a potential capable of quickly efi'ecting adisruptive discharge across thespark-gap, and the coupling of said interrelated oscillatin circuits being sufliciently strong and ad3ust'ed to secure such opening of the said oscillating said inter-related oscillating circuits circuit, whereby pow f l go y damped free oscillations in the secondary oscillating clrcul t are produced and theoupled-gwaves practlcally' disappear, substantially fans described.

20. In an apparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations, the comblnation with coupled electrically oscillating circuits having natural periods in resonance with each other, of means for exciting electrical oscillations in one of said circuits, and means for qulckly opening the excited circuit after the first beat ofthe oscillations therein to permit the other circuit tofloscillate in accordance with its free period, comprising a short spark-gap formed to rapidly dissipate heat generated therein and a source of electrical current having a potential capable of quickly .efi'ecting a disruptive. discharge across the spark-gap, and the coupling of said inter-related oscillating circuits being sufliciently strong and adjusted to secure such opening of the said oscillating circuit,

'whereby powerful, slowly damped free oscillations in the secondary oscillating circuit are produced and the coupled waves practically disappear, substantially as described.

21. Inanapparatus for producing slowly damped electrical oscillations, the combination with coupled electrically oscillating circuits, of a three-phased alternating current source for supplying energy to one of said circuits, said excited circuit having means for quickly snapping ofi the spark discharge in and opening said circuit consisting of spark gaps correspondin in number and relative connection to the t ree phases otvthe alternating current source, the coupling-got 111g sufficiently strong and adjusted to'causg- -q -uch openin of the said oscillating circuit, substantia ly as described. v

22. In a system of wireless communication, apoly-phase alternating current source,

an oscillating circuit fed from each phase circuit of the source, each oscillating circuit ciated v with the oscillatingPcircuits, and 1 means for preventing oscillations in the antennacircuit from-reacting'on the oscillating circuits. a 25. In a system QiWIIGlQSS communication, a poly-phase alternating current source, an oscillating circuit associated with each phase circuit, and means for producing and radiating trains of powerful slowly damped electromagnetic wavesof single frequency from the oscillations in the oscillating circuits. 7 v

26. In a system of wireless communication a poly-phase alternating current source, an oscillating circuit associatedfwith each phase circuit, means for roducing-in said oscillating circuits osclllations of rapidly decreasing amplitude, and means for utilizing said oscillations of rapidly decreasing amplitude' for producing and radiating electromagnetic waves.

27. A wireless telephone transmitting sys tem, including a sourceof alternating current supply having a frequency below the upper audible limit, and a multiple spark gap, and means for modifying the radiated waves from such system by and in accordance with sound waves v 28. A wireless telephone transmitting system including a source of alternating current supply to a quenched spark gap, the alternating current having a frequency below the upper audible limit, in combination with means for modifying the generated oscillations by and in accordance with sound waves.

29. A wireless telephone transmitting system, having means for radiating slowly damped wav es of audible group frequency,- and means for modifying the radiated waves by and'in accordance with, sound vibrations.

- 30. A wireless telephone transmitting system for radiating slowly damped waves of audible group frequency and including a transmitter device associated with said circuit to modify the oscillations therein by and in accordance with sound vibrations.

31. A wireless telephone transmitting system, comprising coupled primary and secondary oscillating circuits, -means for supplying to the primary circuit an alternating current having a frequency below the upper audible limit, a coupling between said circuits sufficiently-strong and adjusted to cause a rapid decrease in the oscillations in the primary circuit and to produce substantially zero value of current) amplitude in the primary circuit, and a plurality of short air-tight spark gaps formed to rapidly dissipate the heat generated therein connected in series in the primary circuit,

.whereby the spark is quenched and the primary circuit opened at the end of the first beat and slowly damped free oscillations are produced in the secondary oscillating cirfrom said source and including a shortspa'rk-gap formed to rapidly dissipate the heat generated therein, and means associated with said oscillating circuit adapted to produce beats through the spark gap causing a rapid decrease of the oscillations through the gap with reduction of the amplitude of the oscillationsof the currentv passing therethrough to substantiallyzero value at the end of a beat and said means providing a second oscillating circuit receiving energy from the first said circuit,

whereby the first said circuit will be opened at the end of the first beat of the oscilla tions through the spark gap and powerful slowly damped oscillations will result in the second said circuit.

33. In anapparatus for developing powerful electrical oscillations, a source of electrical energy, an oscillating circuit fed from said source and including a short spark-gap formed to rapidly dissipate the heat generated therein, and means asso-' ciated with said oscillating circuit adapted to produce beats through the spark gap caus- .ing a rapid decrease of the oscillations through the gap with reduction of the amplitude of the oscillations of the current high frequency circuit, and a telephone passing therethrough to substantially zero value at the end of a beat and said means providing a second oscillating circuit re- In testimony whereof: I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of the subscribing witnesses, on this 17th day of December l GEORGE SEIBT.

Witnesses:

ISABEL LEVINSON, O. C. HUNIQKE.

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