US1214287A - Governor. - Google Patents

Description

T. DOUGLAS.

GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I2, I9I6.

Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

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GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I2. I9I6.

Ll?. Patented Jan. 30, 1917.

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THEODORE DOUGLS, 0F SCARBORO, NEW YORK.

GOVERNOR.

Application filed April 12, 1916.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, THEoDoRE DOUGLAS, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Scarboro, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governors, of which the following is a specification.

The invention particularly described hereinafter involves a governor adapted to be utilized for the mostv part upon internal combustion engines, in conjunction with a valve which is operated by the governor So as to diminish or cut off the combustible mixture for the engine when a certain maximum speed thereof is reached.

In my prior Patent No. 1128115, granted February 9, 1915, for improvements in engine speed governors for vehicles, I describe a governor construction of duplex design to be mounted on motor vehicles and conveyances driven by gas engines in general, and

arranged to respond to the speed of two distinct elements; one of which 1s actuated by the vehicle carrying the governor, and the other directly by 'the engine which propels the vehicle. This application discloses and seeks to protect a governor operated by a single member and controlled by the speed of the crank shaft, or some part actuated thereby. The invention described herein is therefore similar to the device set forth in in v aforesaid patent, eXcept for the differences above referred to; and it further embodies certain characteristics by which the valve and the governor can be rendered independent of outside influences, and caused to coperate in their action upon the engine to produce a mode of operation by which the most advantageous results are obtained in both the joint effect of the governor and the valve upon the engine, and their effects upon each other.

On the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a governor made aci cording to my invention; and Fig. 2 is a horizontal longitudinal section ofthe same.

The same references indicate the same parts throughout the several views.

I show at 1 an inclosing shell or casing, comprising a section 2 to be inserted in the intake conduit of an internal combustion engine, and having flanges at its top and bottom to enable it to be fastened in place; also a section 3 which is preferably entirely closed and located at oneside of the section Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented JT an. 30, 1917.

serial No. 90,653.

2. The section 2 is open above and below,

where. the''langes are located, and inside of' it I mount a valve 4, the function of which 1s to reduce and cut off the fuel supply, and which is controlled by the governor 5. This governor is contained in the section 3, and the two sections mentioned have abutting flanges 6 and are conveniently secured toget her by bolts or screws. When in use, the casing 1 is supported on the framework of an engine just below the intake manifold, and the fianges of the section 2 will be bolted to similar flanges on adjacent portions of the supply conduit, and the interior of the section 2 will be in the form of a vertical bore corresponding with the inside of the conduit, as will be readily understood.

The governor is preferably driven through the end of the section 3 remote from the section 2; at which end the section 3 is provided with an open bearing 7 carrying one extremity of the governor shaft 8. This bearing-has a bushing 9 and a perforated washer 10 therein, and the other end of the governor shaft is received in a bearing 11 in the side of the section 2near section 3. The shaft has mounted thereon near the bearing 7 a speed responsive element, such as a collar 12, free to move axially along this shaft to a certain extent, but compelled to rotate therewith. This collar is attached to'centrifugal weights 13 by links 14 and the weights are also joined to a fixed collar 15 on the shaft near the bearing 11. A spring 16 encircling the shaft between the collars 1 2 and l5 will normally push the collar 12 to the right and keep the governor weights in near the shaft 8.

The collar 12 is forced to rotate with the shaft as above stated, and it carries. a bolt or screw 17 which extends through the shaft and serves to engage a floating pin 18. This pin is received in a central bore 19 in the shaft, and it has frictional engagement therewith; and is of sufficient mass to have considerable inertia, for a purpose which will appear later. Slots 20 in the shaft enable the screw 17 to pass through from one side to the other.

In the bearing 7 the shaft 8 has a square bore to receive the end of a drive shaft, not shown; and at its opposite end it is entered by a rod 21, projecting into the bore 19. This rod is alined with the shaft 8, and constitutes an element by which the valve 4 is actuated from the governor. The valve 4 is of the grid type and comprises a plate 22,'. with a curve'd upper face and parallel slots therein, fast to a quadrant-shaped web 24. The vweb has strengthening ribs 25 along its opposite faces, and both the web and the ribs merge. into a bearing 26 to receive a pivot bolt 27 supported by a section 2. This -bearing carries arms 28 extending away nular shoulder in the 'bore of thev casing 1.

This element 32 encircles a curved web 34 having parallel slots 35 similar to the slots 23, and strengthened by a reinforcing rib 36 extending entirely across the same. The part 31 is preferably a casting, conforming in shape to the bore of the casing 1; and having the web fitting the upper face of the valve 4.

ries. Of course the slots 23 in the valve are correspondingly arranged, so that the slots of the valve and 'seat may register to allow combustible mixture to flow through them. The slots ofthe valve and those of the seat contract toward each other, so that the passages they constitute are narrowest at the 1 middle; giving a Venturi-tube effect. The

utility of this feature consists in producing ya more uniform mixing of the air and fuel,

as will be made clear, presently.

In order to fix the extreme of the travel of the valve in both directions, and keep the valve from moving beyond full Vopen positionfontle one hand and completely closed position on the other, I dispose a couple of screw bolts 37 in the section -2, on the sideopposite the bearing l1, and consequently in` the end of the casing remote from the bear-` ing 7. The upper bolt will engage the web 24 when the slots are in registry, andthe lower will engage a lug projectingfrom the shaft 29 down between the arms 28 when the valve shuts Ofi' the fuel from the engine; thelug being indi--l upper bolt fixes the end ofthe range ofn movement of the valve' to the left;v and the. lower, the end of the valves range to the right. The wall of this isection inside the boss 39 will have an enlarged threaded opening in which is screwed anut 40 providing a bearing for the adjacent en d of the shaft 29. This end will be encircled by aspring The slots 35 are located on each l side of the rib 36, making two groups or se- `41, which engages a collar 42 on thesliaft, l

and is seated at its other end against a shoulder in the nut 40. vThe rod 21 in the shaft 29 extends beyond the nut 40, and carries yfixed thereon'inside the boss 39 a notchedv wheel 43 by which the rod 21 can be turned.

A Urshaped element 44, adapted to be fitted at its ends `into holesinfthe outside of the casing at the edge"of the opening containing i the nut 40, may beemployed to engage the' notchedcircumference of the wheel 43t0 hold it and the rodin adjusted positions. c

To turn' the wheel, the element 44 need only be pulled clear of the holes, and then rotated, when it will carry 'the wheel 43 with it.

'This wheel will not obstruct the bolts 37,

which have kerfs in the outer ends'to enable 'i them to be manipulated byv a screw-driver.`

The bossl 39 will be threaded atl its. outer end to engage a cap 45; ,and this capfand thek boss will have apertures that register/atoV receive a locking pin 46. This pin willfhavel an eye in its outer end, and the cap willhave a perforated lug 47 to enable the pin andthe cap to be engaged by apadlock 48. By this lock, the cap is prevented from being Persons not authorized'toA I l by removable nuts 49. The other section 3 may be lfilled with oil up to the level of an v inlet opening closed by a plug 50; and be lowv this opening I may locate a drain'opening having a plugv51. On the bearing 7 will be' a grease cup 52,andl adjacent the sameon the casing I may provide another oil openlng 53.- The governor will thus run in 4' oil, and will splash enough of it against the bearing 11 ,and by the cup 52 and opening 53, proper lubricationfor the shaft 8' will 'be assured inside the bearing 7, and adjacent the same outside" of it; that is near the collar 1-2- In operation-,the governor will move the collar`12 to cause thepin 18 to transmit motion to the rod 21 whenthe-speed of the engine attains the maximum, to cause the valve to move theslots-partly outof registry and thus reduce the fuel supply. Whenthe maximum speed is exceeded,'- the valve closes and cuts off the fuel. Bymerely taking oif l thecap. 45, the screws 37 can b'e turned yto make-the valve operate properly, and the wheel 43 can be turned to adjust the rod 21 in the shaft Also, the sprin`g41vcan be set by manipulating the, nut'140, but'this is preferably done before the rod 21isput' into the shaft 29; All ofthe-adjustingparts are accessible from the samegendfofithe casing, and are covered and shielded vby the capL 45 y;

while the governor is driven fromthe'oppoi site end of the casing.' Hence the valve con? 10.5' front end of the section 3 to lubricate the struction can be assembled and set, and the connections to the goyernor manipulated without interfering with or deranging the governor in any way.

If the valve should ever require removing, the seat can be taken out of the section 2 by loosening the devices that secure its flange 33 to the shoulder in the top of the section 2. The valve can then be lifted, as its arms 28 have notched engagement only with the pin 30.

By the above'construction the valve is rendered independent of vibrations; and thus an advantage of great importance is obtained when the valve and governor are utilized upon engines mounted upon commercial trucks and other motor vehicles. Inasmuch as the slots in the valve and seat are quite narrow, one can perceive, that even the slightest looseness of any of the parts might result in vibrations that would prevent perfect working of the valve. Furthermore, the slots, as the fluid is wire-drawn through them, make a better and more uniform mixture. As the particles of air and gasolene, for instance, strike the inclined sides of the slots, they are deflected toward the middle; and the tendency to cross currents thus arising, together with the loss of velocity due to impact vand friction, causes a retardation of the fluid which produces a higher pressure below the valve thanA above it. Hence the mixture is forced through the slots, and the heavier gasolene particles are retarded more than the air particles. But instead of the charge dis-` integrating under the circumstances, and the gasolene condensing on the valve and seat, the lighter air particles carry the gasolene particles through with them. The gasolene is thus atomized and diffused; and a superior and more thorough intermingling of the air and hydrocarbon takes place. At the same time the velocity of the charge is maintained, and the fuel naturally fills the cylinder more quickly upon each suction stroke of the piston. The governor 5 is also rendered independent of vibrations and empowered to suppress Huctuations and counteract disturbing influences by reason of the member 18 and the manner of mounting the same. Normally the member 18 has one end in contact with the rod 2l, while the other end will be spaced slightly from the screw 17. When the speed of rotation of the shaft 8 causes the weights to move the collar 12, the inertia of the member 18, together with the force due to the friction between it and the inside of the shaft, must first be overcome before the rod 21 can be given a thrust to move the valve. This inertia and friction can be allowed for in the regular operation of the governor; but they are sufficient to prevent the rod being actuated by the member 18 at a lower speed than the maximum, in case a force due to shaking, jolting or the like, is

superimposed on that due to the action of the weights 13. In other words, if the wheels of the vehicle encounter an obstruction, and the jar results in relative movement `of the body of the vehicle and the axles, the effect of it is obviated before the pin 21 is reached. Hence the governor is caused by factors due to the rotation of the shaft only te shift the valve 4. Otherwise regulation would not be feasible, for the valve is hardly ever open more than one eighth inch and sometimes not more than one thousandth between the edge of one of the slots 23 and the opposite edge of one of the slots 35, and even a slight inaccuracy in the function of the governor might open the valve when it should be shut, and vice Versa, and cause surging of the engine. The member 18 is therefore a buffer member; and it must be disconnected from at least one of the elements 12 and 21. y

1t will now be apparent that the valve and the governor coperate, not only in directly controlling the engine by throttling, but also in the production of conditions which make perfect regulation by throttling possible. The valve maintains the velocity of the fluid and affords a better mixture; entailing quick admission and satisfactory combustion. Hence the piston effort is uniform, and even running ensues. This even running of the engine enables the governor to work in the best possible manner, and reduces the risk of the body of the vehicle being thrown into vibration by the throbbing of the engine. The governor is therefore in condition to actuate the valve at all times with sharpness and certainty.

. I of course do not wish to restrict myself, in the practice of my invention, to the above details of construction, as precisely as the same have been set forth in detail, but reserve the right to make changes in the embodiment disclosed herein, according to the scope and spirit of my invention as the same is defined in the appended claims.

Having described my invention, what I believe to be new and desire to secure and protect by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. The combination of a valve, a governor for the valve comprising a speed-responsive element, an element to be actuated thereby connected to the valve, a member to transmit motion from the speed-responsive element to the valve, means for carrying said member, said means having sufficient frictional engagement with the member and the member sufficient mass to prevent derangement of the function of the governor, a casing, means at one end of the casing to enable the governor to be driven from a source of power, means at the opposite end of the casing to adjust the element actuated by the governor, and means at said opposite end and flanking the last-named means to limit 'Banking the pivot to limit the range of movement of the valve, said devices all beying accessible from Without theA casing.

The combination of a casing comprisinga sectionhaving a bore therethrough, a

valve in said bore, the casing comprising a second section containing a governor, an element carriedby,.the.-frst ..section to actuate the valve, amembe'rin the second section and .eXtendingpinto the iirst section lto engage said element and transmit motion from the governor thereto, and means for driving the governor through the end of the second section remote from the first section. el. In combination a casing, a valve mounted therein, a governor in the casing operatively related to the valve,` said casing having means at one end provided With a bore to give entrance to a driving element for the governor, and a plurality of adjusting means for the valve at the opposite end of the casing, and accessible from Without the casing.

5. The combination of a casing, a valve mounted therein, a governor in the casing operatively related to the valve, and means accessible from Without the casing to adjust both ends of lthe range of movement of the valve.

6. The combination of a casing, a valve engaging the valve on both sides of the pivot to limitthe range of movement of the valve, said devices being accessible from Without the casing.

7. The combination of a casing, a valve l therein, a pivot for the valve, a governor in the casing operatively related to the valve,l and a air of screws carried by the casing on therein, a governor in the casing operatively related to the valve, means at one end of the casing for setting the governor and the valve, and devices flanking the said means for adjusting the travel of the valve, said means and said devices being accessible from the outside of the casing.

9. The combination of a valve, a centrifugal governor to operate the valve, and a buffer member in operative relation to said valve and governor, but disconnected from at least one of them, to control the effect of said governor upon the valve. v

10. The combination of a valve, a centrifugal governor to operate the valve, a member in operative relation to said governor and valve, and means for frictionally engaging said member to oppose the motion thereof.

11. The combination vof a valve, a rotatable governor for the valve, and a member having considerable mass mounted in operative relation to the governor and valve, and movable in line With the axis of rotation of the governor, to control the effect of the governor upon the valve.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification thislOth day of April, 1916.

THEODORE DOUGLAS.

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