US1208984A - Flying-machine. - Google Patents

Description

l. KREITER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IuNEza, Isla.

1,208,984. I Patented De0.19,1916.

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J'.l KREITER. FLYING MACHINE. vAPPLICATION H'LDJUN: 2a. 1913.

Patend De@.19,1916.

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FLYING MACHINE.

APPucATloN man Jun: 2s. |913.

Patented Dec.4 19, 1916.

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FLY|NG MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED lUNE28. l9l3.

1,208,984. Patented Dec. 19,1916.

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J. KREITER.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 2B, I9I3.

Patented Dec. 19,1916.

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FLYING-MACHINE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application filed lIl'une 28, 1913. Serial No. 776,359.

To all whom it may concern; Y'

Be it known that I, lJAMES KREITEB, citizenY of the United States, residing at Fredericksburg, in the county of Wayne and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsv in Flying- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in flying machines, and an object thereof is to provide a machine of this character wherein superimposed sets of lateral oscillatory planes are employed to raise or lower the machine.

Another object of the invention contemplates the provision of a flying machine which is particularly designed and adapted for use in conjunction with operating means which both propels and guides the machine, the machine having a vertically extending mast secured thereto upon which are arranged the oscillatory planes or wings employed for-elevating or lifting the machine, the said wings being constructed in such a novel and peculiar manner as to form imperforate lateral planes during the downward stroke thereof and perforate orV ineffectual planes during the reverse or upward stroke thereof, this being accomplishediby the provision of a plurality of flaprvalves so arranged upon the planes as to operate automatically during the oscillatory movement. v A

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of means including a rearwardly extending mast or rod having a plurality of segmental planes arranged thereupon, the planes in question likewise being provided with a plurality of flap valves, thereby permitting forward oscillatory movement of the planes without checking the progress of the machine during flight, the planes or wings being operated from the same source of power as the said lateral planes, and the mast or rod having means employed in connection therewith for swinging the said segmental planes out of axial alinement with the car body to guide or control the direction of flight of the machine. Y

The invention still further resides in the provision of simple and efficient means for oscillating the lateral as well as the various other planes employed in connection with the invention, the Vsaid means being controlled by the rotation of a drivenfly wheel,

th Wheel harms the Operating means centrlcally pivoted thereto.

. A still further object of the invention to provide a plurality ofV alternatingauxiliary segmental planes arranged near the top of the vertically extending mast and operated by the same means as the said lateral planes, the former materially assisting in the lifting of the machine as well as maintaining the vstabilityof the machine when in operation.

The above and additional objects are accomplished by such means'as are illustrated in their preferred embodiment inV the accompanyingdrawings, described in the following speciication and then more particularly pointed out lin the claims which are appended hereto and 'form a part of thisl application. y

In describingV my invention in detail ref- ,Patented Dee. 19,1916.

erence will be had to the accompanying drawings `wherein like characters'. denote like oi" corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in whichz- Figure 1 is a side elevation of a liying machine constructed' in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 isa front view of the machine; Fig. 8 isV atop Vplan view of the auxiliary segmental planes;.Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3; Fig.V 5 is a section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6H

is a detail perspective view of the main or lateral planes illustrating the manner in which Vthe operating rods are 4connected thereto; Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view ofthe main support illustrating the manner in which the masts are secured thereto; Fig. S is an venlarged elevation, partly broken away illustratingv the detail'arrangement of the flap valves upon one of the lateral planes; Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a detailperspective viewI of one ofthe valves; Fig. 11 is an enlarged elevation of one of the lifting auxiliary segmental planes; Fig. 12 is aseotion on line 12-12 of Fig. 11 Fig. 13 is a sectional view of one of theprop'e'lling segmental planes. 'A

Referring now to the drawings, wherein is -illustrated the preferred form of my invention only the important details have been shown; the machine comprising, first the soY body portion and the operating mechanismy l carried thereby, second the main or lateral planes and the operating means employed iary segmental planes arranged above the said lateral planes, and fourth the segmental planes carried by the rearwardly extending mast. A brief description of each will follow in the order named.

In the reduction of my invention to practice, and referring in detail to the drawings, the numeral 1 designates the body portion of the machine, preferably wedge shaped and constructed of suitable light yet strong material, the wideY or diverged end extending toward the rear of the machine to offer as little resistance as possible to the air during iiight. An engine l2 of the type usually employed in connection with flying machines is arranged upon the deck of the car body 1 having a fly wheel 3 mounted for rotation thereupon, and a forwardly extending shaft 4 is journaled within suitable bearings 5 carried by the body 1 of the ma-y chine. A propeller 6 of any suitable construction is mounted for rotation upon the V forward extremity of the shaft 4 for driving the machine forward during flight, the

the engine 2 of the machine.

A vertically extending mast 7 is mounted upon a suitable b ase 8 positioned about midway thelength of the machine body 1, the mast 7 terminating at its lower extremity in a ball member 9 adapted to fit within a socket 10 formed within the said base for effecting a universal joint for the mast and permitting the same to oscillate, and in,

this manner maintain the stability of the machine when in operation. Adjustably securedto the mast 7 is a collar 11 from the opposite sides of which a support rod 12 extends; Pivotally secured as at 13 to the extremities of the rod 12 are a pair of cross, rods 14 the extremities of which are pro-l vided with pins 15 adapted to iit within elongated apertures or slots 16 formed within and extending throughout the major portion of the length of the sides 17 of the lateral or main planes designated in their entirety by the numeral 18. The sides 17 ofthe planes are pivotally connected as at 19 so as to allow the planes carried by the said sides to oscillate from the said pivot point, the oscillatory movement being controlled by the movement of the cross rods 14 in a manner kto be hereinafter fullyA described.

Extending parallel with the mast 7 and lsupported in such parallel relation through the medium of brackets 2() is an operating rod 21 the lower extremity of which is pivotally secured as at 22 to ,a connecting rod 23 in turn pivotally secured as at 24 to the fly wheely Blof the engine, the pin 24 being eccentrically disposed upon the said fly wheel for imparting a reciprocatory movement to the rod 21 according to the rotation of the fly wheel 3. A. collar 25 is rigidly rotation of the propeller being controlled by cross rods 14 to be swung from their pivotal support 13 for imparting oscillatory movement to the planes 18, the pins V15 working within the slot 16 of the plane sides. Cross rods 14 being centrally pivoted, movement thereof will oscillate the planes in the'de- 7, operation of the said planes is controlled by the reciprocatory movement of the operating rod 21. The upper extremity of the 7 rod 21 is connected to a vertically slidable collar arranged over the mast 7 and to `gwhich certain of the segmental planes 31 ing slits 33 extending toward the converged fend from the base thereof through which rods 34 extend, one extremity of the rods being pivotally secured as at 35 to the said gcone member at the diverged end thereof :the opposite end having a slidable connec- H tion as at 36 and as illustrated in Fig. 4, with the other pair of planes 37 which are in turn pivotally secured as at 38 to a sec- 'Iond cone member 39 secured to the mast 7 "`over and above the first mentioned cone member 32. The rods 34 are adapted to work or pass through eyes 40 carried by the sliding collar 30 so that the said rods may be moved or worked according to the reciprocatory movement of the said collar, this arrangement of the rods with respect to the collar oscillating the planes 37 in the l'l of rods 42 pivotally connected as at 43 to 'i 7;

the reciprocatory collar 30 and having their opposite ends arranged in guide members carried by the planes 33 upon the under face thereof, and as the said rods 42 have slidable connection as at 45 with the lower cone Vmember 32 it will be seen that the said planes 31 may be oscillated during the reciprocatory movement of said collar. The planes 31 being disposed oppositely to the planes 37, that is the planes 31 being actuatable to carry out their downward stroke while the planes 37 are actuatable in the opposite direction to carry out their upward stroke, it is apparent that the said planes will at all times offer resistance to the atmosphere and prevent downward movement of the machine.

Coming now to the description of the segmental planes carried by the rearwardly extending mast, the numeral 46 designates the said mast, the same being secured as at 47 to the base 8 in a like manner to that provided for the vertical mast 7. An operating rod 48 extends parallel with the'mast 46 the inner end of the rod being universally joined as at 49 to a connecting rod 50 which is in turn eccentrically connected to the ily wheel 3 in the same manner as the connecting rod above mentioned, this arrangement reciprocating the rod 48 in a like manner to that of the operating rod 21 employed in connection with the vertically extending shaft. A guide, as well as a support `51 extends upwardly from the base of the machine through which both the mast 46 and the operating rod 48 extend, the said support having a laterally extending groove formed therein to allow the rod and the mast to be swung out of axial alinement with the car body for controlling the direction of flight of the machine, any suitable means being employed for the purpose of actuating or swinging the rod in the desired manner.

The segmental planes 52 and 53 of the rearwardly extending mast are mounted for operation in the same manner as the planes 31 and 37 above described and for this reason the detail construction of the operating mechanism will not be described. A rudder or vertical plane 54 may be arranged over the rear extremity of the mast 46 to assist in guiding the machine according to the manipulation of the said mast in the mannerv above set forth.

Brace rods 55 are connected at one end to the car body 1 as at 56 the said rods extending from the said body at an angle so as to permit their opposite ends to be connected to the vertically extending mast through the medium of a spring 57, the spring being disposed between the said mast and the opposite end of the rod, this arrangement permitting the mast to move or swing from the universal joint provided therefor to maintain at all times the stability of the machine.

Emergency operating means is provided for operating the auxiliary segmental planes 31 and 37, the said means comprising a base 58 having an operating lever 59 pivotally secured thereto, the said lever in turn having a rod 60 secured thereto, the opposite end of which is secured to the collar 30 so that the latter may be reciprocated according to the movement of the lever 59. The lever v59 is preferably operated by hand and is adapted to bey lused only in cases of emergency, should the engine 2 for any reason become inoperative, when the oscillating of the planes 31 and 37, with the resistance afforded by the lateral planes 18 will eifectually check a rapid falling of the machine and will insure a safe landing thereof as well as prevent injury both to the machine and the passengers carried thereby.

The several planes employed in connection with this invention are composed ofa plurality or series of flap valves 61 adapted to be hingedly connected as at 62 to uniformly spaced apart parallel rods 63 extending throughout the length of the several planes. The said valves being loosely connected to the rods 63 it will be seen that they will normally depend or hang suspended from the rods so as to allow the air to pass therebetween during the upward stroke of the plane, the resistance offered by the air upon the downward stroke causing the valves to move upwardly until substantially parallel with a screen 64 arranged over the top of the planes, the said valves when in this position providing an imperforate plane and offering a maximum amount of resistance to the air thereby causing the machine to rise during the downward stroke of the several planes. The valves 65 of the planes 52 and 53 are arranged upon the opposite face to those of the various other planes so as to allow the air to pass therethrough during the forward stroke of the planes yet automatically closing the planes and preventing the passage of air therethrough during the rearward strokeA of the planes, this action, taken in connection with the pull derived by the rotation of the propeller 6 causes the machine to be propelled in a forward direction, the planes 52 and 53 alternating in their stroke and in this manner causing the machine to move forwardly in a smooth and regular manner.

Having described fully the construction of the machine, it now remains to mention, a little more in detail, the operation of the same. The engine 2 is first started for driving the propeller 6 and the Hy wheel 3. As the ily wheel 3 is driven, the operating rod 21 is reciprocated by reason of the eccentric pivotal connection afforded between the said rod and the said wheel. The reciprocatory movement of the rod 21 operates the rods 29 which inturn operate the cross rods 14 of the main or lateral planes, and as these rods 14 are pivoted centrally to the stationary or immovable rod 12 it will be seen that the planes 18 are oscillated from their pivotal af..

52 and 53 are also simultaneously operated by the rotation of the fly wheel 3 of the engine as the said planes are connected thereto through the medium of the rod 48 and the connecting rod 50 the former being secured at one end to the reciprocatory collar carried by the mast 46, the collar actuating rods connected to the planes for alternately operating the same, thereby propelling the entire machine in a manner desired. The planes 18, as above pointed out, are arranged in pairs, the planes of each pair being pivotally connected at the point k19 whereby to permit of relative simultaneous movement. As the rods 29 are actuated through movement of operating rod 21 it is evident that the cross rods 14 will operate in unison, and by reason of their engagement with the several planes, cause the latter to be correspondingly moved. As the adjacent terminals of the cross rods begin to spread, the pins 15 will be caused to move toward the outer terminals of the lslots 16 within which they operate. The rods 14 being fixed against displacement at the point 13, and the planes 18 being fixed at the point 19' against separation, such movement of the pins 15 as hereinbefore mentioned, will cause the planes 18 to simultaneously oscillate or swing from a plane which is at an angle to the horizontal to a horizontal plane. It must be remembered that the planes are not fixed against movement at the point 19 but that said point, during oscillation of the planes, will rise and fall to permit oscilla- -tory movement of the cross rods 14. INere the point 19 fixed, then the planes would be incapable of the movement to the extent desired.

It is to be further noted that with reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings those portions of planes 18 which extend outward beyond the levers 14 present a greater area for the support of the machine than those portions of said planes which extend inward toward the central post. As a result of this arrangement upon the outward movement of the levers 14 toward the position shown in dotted lines and assuming the machine will have the effect of causing the planes to rotate upon the pivot 19 because of an upward component of air pressure upon the extremities of the planes and as the levers 14 continue their movement, the planes will assume the position shown in dotted lines. The planes having reached the position stated it will be noted that those portions inward of the levers present a greater areal to the air. The exposure of this greater area might have the effect of causing the planes to buckle up again were it not for the connection of said links with the central post. However it is to be understood that the rods will be assisted in their reverse movement by the upward pressure of the air upon the lower central portions of the planes when the planes move toward their former positions.

By providing a universal joint or mounting for the vertically'extending mast 7 the stability of the entire machine is maintained during flight, while the direction of travel is controlled by swinging the rearwardly extending mast 46 laterally, the said mast be ing universally connected within the base 8 as indicated at 47 in the drawings.

It will be seen from the above, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings that an emergency operating means has been provided for oscillating the planes 31 and 37 should the engine for any reason become inoperative; that the flap valves are arranged upon the several planes to operate automatically according to the stroke governed by the operating rods 21 and 46; and that the said planes, when the flap valves are thrown into engagement with the screens provided therefor, are made imperforate and thereby Offer great resistance to the air and in this manner elevate the machine or propel the machine as the case may be, in the desired manner.

In reduction to practice, I have found that the form of my invention, illustrated in the drawings and referred to in the above description, as the preferred embodiment, is the most efficient and practical; yet realizing that the conditions concurrent with the adoption of my device will necessarily vary, I desire to emphasize the fact that various minor changes in details of construction, proportion and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, when required, without sacrificing any of the advantages of my invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, which I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is v 1. In a flying machine, a mast, superposed cone members affixed to the mast, a plurality of auxiliary segmental planes hingedly connected tothe uppermost cone, an operating rod, and a connection between said rod and the several planes, the lowermost cone acting as a guide for the connecting means, substantially as set forth.

2. In a flying machine, a vertical mast, a pair of superposed cone members axed to the mast, a plurality of hingedly connected auxiliary segmental planes carried by the up permost cone, an operating rod, means to reciprocate the mentioned rod, and means secured to the lowermost cone and actuatable through movement of the operating rod to oscillate the several planes, substantially as described.

3. In a flying machine, a mast, superposed cones secured to the mast, the lowermost cone being slotted at diametrically opposite points, a plurality of auxiliary segmental planes hingedly connected to the uppermost cone, the mentioned planes being arranged in pairs, the planes constituting the respective pairs being disposed at diametrically opposite points, an operating rod, a first pair of connecting rods secured to the loWermost cone and to one pair of the mentioned planes, said rods being engaged by the operating rod to oscillate said planes, a second pair of connecting rods secured to the operating rod and to the lowermostlcone and to the other of the mentioned planes to oscillate said planes, and means to reciprocate the operating rod.

4. A flying machine having a vertically extending mast mounted upon the body thereof, a pair of spaced apart cone members rigidly secured to the said mast, a plurality of segmental auxiliary planes hingedly con nected to the upper of the said cone members, a slidable collar on said mast beloW said cone members, rods pivotally secured to the lower of the said cone members and to certain of the said planes, the said rods adapted to be engaged by the said collar, rods secured to the other of the said planes, and to the said collar, the last mentioned rods being pivotally and slidably secured to the lower of the said cone members, means for reciprocating the said collar, such reciprocatory movement adapted to operate all of movable upon said mast, a plurality of Y planes hingedly connected toV one of said A vcone members, and means operable upon said mast and engageable With the other of the said cone members to alternately oscillate the said planes, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a flying machine, a vertical mast, a pair of superposed cones secured to the mast, the loWermost cone being slotted at diametrically opposite points, a plurality of auxiliary segmental planes hingedly connected to the uppermost cone, a reciprocatory operating rod, and means secured to the lovvermost cone and to the `auxiliary planes for oscillating said planes through reciprocatory movement of the mentioned rod, the slots aforesaid acting as a guide for the connecting means, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of tWo Witnesses.

JAMES KREI'IER.

Witnesses:

M. E. AMBREGG, W. M. HALL.

Copies o1' this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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