US12054836B2

US12054836B2 - Energy conversion system

Info

Publication number: US12054836B2
Application number: US17/564,750
Authority: US
Inventors: Youhei Morimoto; Shigekazu HIDAKA
Original assignee: Denso Corp
Current assignee: Denso Corp
Priority date: 2019-07-02
Filing date: 2021-12-29
Publication date: 2024-08-06
Also published as: WO2021002183A1; CN114096698B; EP3995604A4; EP3995604A1; CN114096698A; US20220119964A1; JP2021008655A

Abstract

An energy conversion system includes a fuel synthesis device, an H2O supply unit, a CO2 supply unit, and a supply control unit. The fuel synthesis device includes an electrolyte, and a pair of electrodes provided on both sides of the electrolyte. The H2O supply unit supplies H2O to the fuel synthesis device. The CO2 supply unit supplies CO2 to the fuel synthesis device. The supply control unit controls a supply of H2O and a supply of CO2. The fuel synthesis device electrolyzes H2O and CO2 using external electric power, and synthesizes a hydrocarbon using H2 and CO generated by electrolysis. The supply control unit starts the supply of H2O to the fuel synthesis device by the H2O supply unit after the supply of CO2 to the fuel synthesis device by the CO2 supply unit is started.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2020/023432 filed on Jun. 15, 2020, which is based on and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-123666 filed with the Japan Patent Office on Jul. 2, 2019. The contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to an energy conversion system.

A carbon dioxide electrolysis device including an anode that oxidizes water, a cathode that electrochemically reduces carbon dioxide to generate a product such as hydrocarbons has been known.

SUMMARY

An energy conversion system of the present disclosure includes a fuel synthesis device, an H₂O supply unit, a CO₂supply unit, and a supply control unit. The fuel synthesis device includes an electrolyte, and a pair of electrodes provided on both sides of the electrolyte. The H₂O supply unit supplies H₂O to the fuel synthesis device. The CO₂supply unit supplies CO₂to the fuel synthesis device. The supply control unit controls a supply of H₂O by the H₂O supply unit and a supply of CO₂by the CO₂supply unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an energy conversion system according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing flows of substances in a fuel synthesis device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship of the amount of supplied CO₂, the amount of supplied H₂O, the amount of generated CO, the amount of generated H₂, and the amount of synthesized CH₄in the fuel synthesis device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an energy conversion system according to a second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, embodiments for implementing the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, portions corresponding to the matters described in the preceding embodiments are denoted by the same reference signs, and redundant description may be omitted. When only part of the configuration is described in one embodiment, the configuration of another embodiment previously described may be applied to the other parts of the configuration. In addition to the combinations of the portions that are specifically and explicitly described in the embodiments as portions that can be combined, the embodiments may be partially combined even if it is not explicitly described that the embodiments can be combined, provided there is no problem caused by the combination.

The present disclosure relates to an energy conversion system.

JP 2018-150595 A proposes a carbon dioxide electrolysis device including an anode that oxidizes water, a cathode that electrochemically reduces carbon dioxide to generate a product such as hydrocarbons, and a cathode solution supply passage through which a cathode solution is supplied to the cathode. The device adjusts the amount of products by controlling a differential pressure between the pressure of the cathode solution and the pressure of the carbon dioxide.

However, when an electrolytic reaction in which carbon dioxide and water are electrolyzed to generate carbon monoxide and water and a synthesis reaction of a hydrocarbon using carbon monoxide and water are performed in the same portion of a system, a factor other than the pressure may inhibit the reactions, thus reducing the system efficiency.

In view of the above point, an object of the present disclosure is to improve the system efficiency of an energy conversion system in which an electrolytic reaction of carbon dioxide and water and a synthesis reaction of a hydrocarbon are performed in the same portion.

In order to achieve the above object, an energy conversion system of the present disclosure includes a fuel synthesis device, an H₂O supply unit, a CO₂supply unit, and a supply control unit. The fuel synthesis device includes an electrolyte, and a pair of electrodes provided on both sides of the electrolyte. The H₂O supply unit supplies H₂O to the fuel synthesis device. The CO₂supply unit supplies CO₂to the fuel synthesis device. The supply control unit controls a supply of H₂O by the H₂O supply unit and a supply of CO₂by the CO₂supply unit.

The fuel synthesis device electrolyzes H₂O and CO₂using externally-supplied electric power, and synthesizes a hydrocarbon using H₂generated by electrolysis of H₂O and CO generated by electrolysis of CO₂. The supply control unit starts the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit after the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit is started.

Thus, the CO concentration is high when the supply of H₂O is started. Accordingly, in an electrolytic reaction, the chemical equilibrium of a reverse water-gas shift reaction is shifted toward the side on which CO is lost, and a reverse water-gas shift reaction is less likely to occur. This makes it possible to reduce the consumption of H₂by the reverse water-gas shift reaction and reduce the consumption of electric power used to generate H₂, thus improving the system efficiency.

Since the supply of H₂O is started after the supply of CO₂is started, the amount of CO₂is small when a fuel synthesis reaction is started. Thus, of hydrocarbon synthesis reactions, a Sabatier reaction using CO₂is less likely to occur. This reduces the amount of H₂O generated as a byproduct by hydrocarbon synthesis; thus, the chemical equilibrium of the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction is shifted toward the side on which a hydrocarbon is generated, increasing the hydrocarbon generation rate. Furthermore, since the Sabatier reaction is less likely to occur, it is possible to reduce the consumption of H₂and reduce the consumption of electric power used to generate H₂.

First Embodiment

An energy conversion system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the energy conversion system includes a fuel synthesis device 10. The fuel synthesis device 10 is a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), and can electrolyze water and carbon dioxide.

The fuel synthesis device 10 includes an electrolyte 11, and a pair of

electrodes

12 and 13 that are provided on both sides of the electrolyte 11. The fuel synthesis device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a single cell in which the electrolyte 11 is sandwiched between the pair of

electrodes

12 and 13, but the fuel synthesis device 10 may have a stack structure in which a plurality of cells are stacked.

The electrolyte 11 is a solid material having oxygen ion conductivity, and may be, for example, ZrO₂, which is zirconium oxide. The

electrodes

12 and 13 are configured as cermets obtained by mixing a metal catalyst with ceramic and firing the mixture. The first electrode 12 is provided with Ni, Co, and the like as metal catalysts. Ni and Co are catalysts that promote an electrolytic reaction of CO₂and H₂and a synthesis reaction of a hydrocarbon. The second electrode 13 is provided with Ni, Pt, and the like as metal catalysts. Ni and Pt are catalysts that promote a reaction in which O²⁻ is combined with electrons to generate O₂. The first electrode 12 is a cathode, and the second electrode 13 is an anode.

Electric power is supplied to the fuel synthesis device 10 from a power supply device 14 which is an external power source. In the present embodiment, the power supply device 14 is a power generation device that uses natural energy. The power supply device 14 may be, for example, a solar power generation device.

H₂O and CO₂are supplied to the first electrode 12 while electric power is supplied to the fuel synthesis device 10.

H₂O is supplied from an H₂

O storage unit

20 to the first electrode 12 through an H₂

O supply passage

21. The H₂

O storage unit

20 of the present embodiment stores H₂O in a liquid state. The H₂

O supply passage

21 is provided with an H₂O pump 22 that pressure-feeds H₂O. H₂O may be supplied in a liquid state to the first electrode 12, or H₂O may be supplied as water vapor to the first electrode 12. The H₂

O pump

22 operates based on a control signal from a control unit 29 (described later). The H₂

O storage unit

20 and the H₂O pump 22 correspond to an H₂O supply unit.

CO₂is supplied from a CO₂storage unit 23 to the fuel synthesis device 10 through a CO₂supply passage 24. The CO₂storage unit 23 of the present embodiment stores CO₂in a liquid state. CO₂stored in the CO₂storage unit 23 is pressurized.

The CO₂supply passage 24 is provided with a pressure control valve 25. The pressure control valve 25 reduces the pressure of CO₂stored in the CO₂storage unit 23. The pressure control valve 25 is an expansion valve for expanding CO₂. The pressure control valve 25 operates based on a control signal from the control unit 29 (described later). The CO₂storage unit 23 and the pressure control valve 25 correspond to a CO₂supply unit.

In the first electrode 12 of the fuel synthesis device 10, H₂is generated by electrolysis of H₂O, and CO is generated by electrolysis of CO₂. In the first electrode 12, a hydrocarbon is synthesized from H₂and CO generated by electrolysis. The synthesized hydrocarbon is contained in a fuel synthesis exhaust gas and discharged from the first electrode 12. The hydrocarbon contained in the fuel synthesis exhaust gas may be, for example, methane. The hydrocarbon may be a fuel, and can be used, for example, for power generation by a fuel cell.

The fuel synthesis exhaust gas passes through a fuel synthesis exhaust gas passage 26. The fuel synthesis exhaust gas passage 26 is provided with a fuel separation unit 27. The fuel separation unit 27 separates the hydrocarbon from the fuel synthesis exhaust gas. The hydrocarbon may be separated from the fuel synthesis exhaust gas, for example, by distillation.

The hydrocarbon separated by the fuel separation unit 27 is stored as a fuel in a fuel storage unit 28. The fuel storage unit 28 of the present embodiment stores a hydrocarbon in a liquid state.

The energy conversion system includes the control unit 29. The control unit 29 is configured by a known microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and its peripheral circuitry. The control unit 29 performs various arithmetic operations and processes based on an air conditioning control program stored in the ROM, and controls the operation of various devices to be controlled such as the H₂O pump 22 and the pressure control valve 25. An input side of the control unit 29 is connected to various sensors and the like (not shown).

The control unit 29 controls the H₂O pump 22 to control the timing at which H₂O is supplied to the first electrode 12 and the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12. The control unit 29 controls the pressure control valve 25 to control the timing at which CO₂is supplied to the first electrode 12 and the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12. The control unit 29 corresponds to a supply control unit.

Next, chemical reactions that occur in the fuel synthesis device 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 . In the fuel synthesis device 10, when H₂O and CO₂are supplied to the first electrode 12 while electric power is supplied from the power supply device 14 to the fuel synthesis device 10, an electrolytic reaction of H₂O and CO₂occurs in the first electrode 12 to generate H₂, CO, and O²⁻. O²⁻generated in the first electrode 12 migrates to the second electrode 13 through the electrolyte 11. In the second electrode 13, O²⁻is combined with electrons to generate O₂.

In the first electrode 12, a fuel synthesis reaction occurs in which CH₄is synthesized from H₂and CO generated by the electrolytic reaction. CH₄generated in the first electrode 12 is discharged as a fuel synthesis exhaust gas from the fuel synthesis device 10 through the fuel synthesis exhaust gas passage 26. CH₄contained in the fuel synthesis exhaust gas is separated by the fuel separation unit 27, and is stored as a hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel storage unit 28. The remaining fuel synthesis exhaust gas obtained by separating CH₄is discharged externally.

The electrolytic reaction mainly occurs on the side of the first electrode 12 closer to the electrolyte 11. The fuel synthesis reaction mainly occurs on the side of the first electrode 12 farther from the electrolyte 11. The electrolytic reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the fuel synthesis reaction is an exothermic reaction. Thus, the first electrode 12 has an endothermic region 11 a on the side closer to the electrolyte 11 and an exothermic region 11 b on the side farther from the electrolyte 11.

The heat generated by the fuel synthesis reaction in the exothermic region 11 b is transmitted to the endothermic region 11 a in which the electrolytic reaction occurs. Furthermore, the heat generated by the fuel synthesis reaction in the exothermic region 11 b is used to heat H₂O in a liquid state supplied to the first electrode 12.

In the first electrode 12 of the fuel synthesis device 10, the following electrolytic reactions and fuel synthesis reactions occur.

[First Electrolytic Reaction (Co-Electrolytic Reaction)]
H₂O+2e ^−→H₂+O²⁻
CO₂+2e ⁻CO+O²⁻

[Second Electrolytic Reaction (Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction)]
CO₂+H₂→CO+H₂O

[First Fuel Synthesis Reaction (Methanation Reaction)]
3H₂+CO→CH₄+H₂O

[Second Fuel Synthesis Reaction (Sabatier Reaction)]
4H₂+CO₂→CH₄+2H₂O

In the second electrolytic reaction, H₂generated by the first electrolytic reaction is consumed to generate H₂O. If the ratio of the second electrolytic reaction of the two types of electrolytic reactions is increased, a larger amount of electric power is required to generate H₂, thus reducing the system efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable to minimize the occurrence of the second electrolytic reaction of the two types of electrolytic reactions.

In the fuel synthesis reaction, with the synthesis of CH₄, H₂O is generated as a byproduct. This H₂O is also used to generate H₂in the first electrolytic reaction.

The amount of H₂O generated by the second fuel synthesis reaction is twice the amount of H₂O generated by the first fuel synthesis reaction. When a large amount of H₂O is present, the chemical equilibrium of the first fuel synthesis reaction is shifted toward the side on which methane is lost, reducing the methane generation rate. Furthermore, the second fuel synthesis reaction consumes a larger amount of H₂during the fuel synthesis than the first fuel synthesis reaction. Accordingly, the second fuel synthesis reaction requires a larger amount of electric power to generate H₂than the first fuel synthesis reaction, thus reducing the system efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable to minimize the occurrence of the second fuel synthesis reaction of the two types of fuel synthesis reactions.

Next, the control of the supply of CO₂and H₂O in the energy conversion system of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3 . In the energy conversion system of the present embodiment, CO₂and H₂O are supplied at different timings to the first electrode 12 of the fuel synthesis device 10. In the present embodiment, after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started, the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started.

The supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 and the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 are alternately performed, and a period during which CO₂is supplied to the first electrode 12 does not overlap with a period during which H₂O is supplied to the first electrode 12. A single cycle is a period from a supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 to the next supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12.

First, when the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started, the electrolysis of CO₂is started to generate CO. The amount of CO starts to increase a little later than the start of the supply of CO₂.

The supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started when a predetermined H₂O waiting time has elapsed after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is ended. The “H₂O waiting time” is set as a time required for 90% or more of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 to be converted into CO. The “H₂O waiting time” can be set by experimentally obtaining in advance the time required for 90% or more of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 to be converted into CO.

Since the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started when the H₂O waiting time has elapsed after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is ended, the CO concentration is sufficiently high at the time when the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started.

When the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started, the electrolysis of H₂O is started to generate H₂. The amount of H₂starts to increase a little later than the start of the supply of H₂O. In the first electrode 12, since CO and H₂are present, CH₄is synthesized. When the synthesis of CH₄proceeds, the amount of CO and the amount of H₂are reduced.

The supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started when a predetermined CO₂waiting time has elapsed after the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is ended. The “CO₂waiting time” is set as a time required for 90% or more of H₂generated by electrolysis of H₂O to be converted into CH₄. The “CO₂waiting time” can be set in advance by experimentally obtaining the time required for 90% or more of H₂generated by electrolysis of H₂O to be converted into CH₄.

In the present embodiment, the molar ratio of the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12 to the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 is set in the range of 2 to 3. This point will be described below.

In the first fuel synthesis reaction described above, the number of moles of H₂required is three times the number of moles of CO required. That is, in the first electrolytic reaction, the number of moles of H₂O required to generate H₂is three times the number of moles of CO₂required to generate CO.

In the first electrolytic reaction, H₂O generated by the first fuel synthesis reaction is also electrolyzed. Thus, the amount of H₂O supplied from the H₂

O storage unit

20 to the first electrode 12 needs to be the amount obtained by subtracting the amount of H₂O generated by the first fuel synthesis reaction from the amount of H₂O required for the first electrolytic reaction. Therefore, the molar ratio of the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12 to the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 is preferably 2 or more.

If an excessive amount of H₂O is supplied to the first electrode 12, the second fuel synthesis reaction is more likely to occur. Therefore, the molar ratio of the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12 to the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 is preferably 3 or less.

In the energy conversion system of the present embodiment described above, since the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started, the CO concentration is high when the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started. Thus, the chemical equilibrium of the second electrolytic reaction (reverse water-gas shift reaction) is shifted toward the side on which CO is lost, and the second electrolytic reaction is less likely to occur. This makes it possible to reduce the consumption of H₂by the second electrolytic reaction and reduce the consumption of electric power used to generate H₂, thus improving the system efficiency.

Since the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started, the amount of CO₂in the first electrode 12 is small when the fuel synthesis reaction is started. Thus, the second fuel synthesis reaction (Sabatier reaction) using CO₂for the synthesis of CH₄is less likely to occur. This reduces the amount of H₂O generated as a byproduct by fuel synthesis; thus, the chemical equilibrium of the first fuel synthesis reaction is shifted toward the side on which methane is synthesized, increasing the methane generation rate. Furthermore, since the second fuel synthesis reaction is less likely to occur, it is possible to reduce the consumption of H₂by the second fuel synthesis reaction and reduce the consumption of electric power used to generate H₂. As a result, system efficiency is improved.

In the present embodiment, the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started when the predetermined H₂O waiting time has elapsed after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is ended. Thus, H₂O is supplied to the first electrode 12 after most of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 is converted into CO. This makes it possible to effectively reduce the occurrence of the second electrolytic reaction and the second fuel synthesis reaction.

In the present embodiment, the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started when the predetermined CO₂waiting time has elapsed after the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is ended. Accordingly, CO₂is supplied to the first electrode 12 after most of H₂generated in the first electrode 12 is used for the synthesis of CH₄; thus, the H₂concentration is low when the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started. As a result, the second electrolytic reaction is less likely to occur, and this makes it possible to reduce the consumption of H₂by the second electrolytic reaction and reduce the consumption of electric power used to generate H₂.

In the present embodiment, the molar ratio of the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12 to the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 is set in the range of 2 to 3. By setting the molar ratio of the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12 to the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 to 2 or greater, it is possible to secure the amount of H₂required for the first fuel synthesis reaction. By setting the molar ratio of the amount of H₂O supplied to the first electrode 12 to the amount of CO₂supplied to the first electrode 12 to 3 or less, it is possible to suppress the second fuel synthesis reaction.

Second Embodiment

Next, a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. In the second embodiment, only portions different from the first embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIG. 4 , in the second embodiment, the energy conversion system includes a CO₂sensor 30 that detects the CO₂concentration in the first electrode 12 and an H₂sensor 31 that detects the H₂concentration in the first electrode 12. A sensor output value from the CO₂sensor 30 and a sensor output value from the H₂sensor 31 are inputted to the control unit 29.

The supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started according to the CO₂concentration in the first electrode 12 detected by the CO₂sensor 30. The supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started according to the H₂concentration in the first electrode 12 detected by the H₂sensor 31.

In the second embodiment, the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started when, after the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is ended, the CO₂concentration detected by the CO₂sensor 30 becomes 10% or less of the CO₂concentration when the supply of CO₂is ended.

In the second embodiment, the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started when, after the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is ended, the H₂concentration detected by the H₂sensor 31 becomes 10% or less of the H₂concentration when the supply of H₂O is ended.

In the second embodiment described above, the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 is started according to the CO₂concentration in the first electrode 12 detected by the CO₂sensor 30. This makes it possible to start the supply of H₂O to the first electrode 12 at an appropriate timing.

In the second embodiment, the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 is started according to the H₂concentration in the first electrode 12 detected by the H₂sensor 31. This makes it possible to start the supply of CO₂to the first electrode 12 at an appropriate timing.

The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be variously modified as follows without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the means disclosed in the above embodiments may be appropriately combined in a feasible range.

For example, in the embodiments, methane is described as an example of the hydrocarbon synthesized by the fuel synthesis device 10, but a different type of hydrocarbon may be synthesized. The type of hydrocarbon to be synthesized can be varied by varying the type and reaction temperature of the catalyst used for the first electrode 12. Examples of different types of hydrocarbons include hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane that have a larger number of carbon atoms than methane, and hydrocarbons such as alcohol and ether that contain an oxygen atom.

In the embodiments, CO₂in a liquid state is stored in the CO₂storage unit 23, but CO₂in a gas state may be included as long as at least part of the recovered CO₂is stored in a liquid state.

In the embodiments, a hydrocarbon in a liquid state is stored in the fuel storage unit 28, but a hydrocarbon in a gas state may be stored in the fuel storage unit 28.

In the configuration of the embodiments, the heat generated during the operation of the fuel synthesis device 10 may be used to supply hot water, or the like.

The present disclosure has been described in accordance with the embodiments; however, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and structures. The present disclosure includes various modifications and modifications within the equivalent range. In addition, although various combinations and forms are shown in the present disclosure, other combinations and forms including only one element, more or less, are within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An energy conversion system comprising:

a fuel synthesis device that includes an electrolyte, and a pair of electrodes provided on both sides of the electrolyte;

an H₂O supply unit that supplies H₂O to the fuel synthesis device;

a CO₂supply unit that supplies CO₂to the fuel synthesis device; and

a supply control unit that controls a supply of H₂O by the H₂O supply unit and a supply of CO₂by the CO₂supply unit, wherein

the fuel synthesis device electrolyzes H₂O and CO₂using externally-supplied electric power, and synthesizes a hydrocarbon using H₂and CO generated by electrolysis, and

the supply control unit starts the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit after the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit is started.

2. The energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the supply control unit sets a molar ratio of an amount of H₂O supplied to the fuel synthesis device to an amount of CO₂supplied to the fuel synthesis device in a range of 2 to 3.

3. The energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the supply control unit starts the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit after the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit is ended.

4. The energy conversion system according to claim 3, wherein the supply control unit starts the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit when a necessary time has elapsed after the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit is ended, the necessary time being a time required for 90% or more of CO₂supplied to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit to be converted into CO.

5. The energy conversion system according to claim 3, comprising a CO₂sensor that detects a CO₂concentration in the fuel synthesis device, wherein

the supply control unit starts the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit when, after the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit is ended, the CO₂concentration detected by the CO₂sensor becomes 10% or less of the CO₂concentration when the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit is ended.

6. The energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the supply control unit starts the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit after the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit is ended.

7. The energy conversion system according to claim 6, wherein the supply control unit starts the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit when a necessary time has elapsed after the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit is ended, the necessary time being a time required for 90% or more of H₂generated by electrolysis of H₂O to be converted into CH₄.

8. The energy conversion system according to claim 6, comprising an H₂sensor that detects an H₂concentration in the fuel synthesis device, wherein

the supply control unit starts the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit when, after the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit is ended, the H₂concentration detected by the H₂sensor becomes 10% or less of the H₂concentration when the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit is ended.

9. The energy conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the supply control unit alternately performs the supply of CO₂to the fuel synthesis device by the CO₂supply unit and the supply of H₂O to the fuel synthesis device by the H₂O supply unit.