US1187290A - Shock-absorber. - Google Patents

Description

J. W. A ELLING, SHOCK ABSORBER.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 6 1914.

1,187,290. Patented June 13, 1916,

. taken place and. the parts, the body, the

' memes.

JENS WILLIAM: AEGIDIUS ELLIN G, 0F CHBISTIANIA, NORWAY.

L enema-assesses.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 13,1916."

Application filed January 6, 1914. Serial No. 810,607.

To all whom itmay concern:

Be it known thatd, JENs WILLIAM Anonnus ELLING, a; subject of the King of the following is a specification;

Carriage springs will work correctly, when interruptions of equilibrium'take place, but wrong as soon as the new equilibrium has frame and the axle of the car, are returning to the normal position. If the wheel of a car running with great speed on a horizontal road arrives at a gradually rising unevenness on the ground the wheel will during its rising movements deflect the spring because said body cannot follow with the same rapidity. 'When the vertical acceleration on the wheel occasioned by the said unevenness ceases the inertia of the wheel will still act and further deflect the spring until said inertia is. consumed in the work of acceleration exerted on the body of the car. After the wheel has arrived to its highest position the frame will still continue to rise acceleratingly and continue herewith also during the following downward movement of the wheel, until the latter has arrived at its resting or normal position relative the frame of the car. The frame will then continue torise (although retarding). After the wheel has touched the ground a part of its inertia will be converted into heat, while the balance will lift the wheel again and thereby furtherprevent the frame from arriving at its resting position. The wheel will not be at rest before havmg by repeated strokes against the ground'converted the vertical component of its inertia into heat which is imparted or conducted to the wheel and to the pavement.

1f the wheel has pneumatic tires, the same will be much damaged, as the speed during the down'strokc generally is much greater than during the first rising movement. The pavement also suffers from these compressions of the pneumatic tires, the binding medium being at first pressed into the pavement and then sucked out of the same in the shape of dust. If the wheel has solid tires the shocks will be violent and the noise great, and the jolting ofv the axle etc. will cause breakage.

The present invention relates to an improved method" of subduing or reducing the violence of the movements of the Wheels of above the piston is compressed, while the rapid running road cars, as is caused by the unevennesses on the road-surface said gnethod consisting in subjecting the wheels (and the axle), after having been lifted (or lowered) by an unevenness, to intermittent forces-so as to obtain movements of longer periods and of smaller amplitiules, for the purpose of attaining reductions of vibrations imparted to the wheels and the car-body.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for the practical execution of the method said means consisting of a cylinder, wherein is working a piston which is combined with a valve mechanism, which by each return movement of the pistonmakes communication between the spaceson both sides of the piston, but at the movement of the piston av small fraction of the length of the stroke at once cuts off said commlmicapiston the one is secured to the frame and the other to the axle ofthe vehicle.

An embodiment of my invention is illustrated in two modes of execution on the no companying drawing, in whichcarriage of a motor-car provided with an apparatus according, to my invention. Fig. 2 a sectional viewof cylinder with tubevalve. Fig. 3 is a plan view of same. Fig. t is a sectional view of cylinder with annular valve, and Fig. 5 a. plan view of piston body. I

' In Figs. 2 and 3 a is the cylinder of the apparatus, which in the present chse is mounted on the frame of the motor-car. 0 is the piston the rod of which in 'the ordinary manner works air-tight through the bottom" of the cylinder. The rod is by a connecting-rod I) connected with the axle.

'l he characteristic feature of the apparatus consists in the piston being provided ,with'a valve mechanism consisting of a tube (Z, which slides air-tight in the piston and follows the latter by friction; the tube at is a little shorter than the distance between the bottom an d the cover of the cylinder.

The working of the apparatus is the following: As soon as the wheel is lifted and.

tube d will immediately close against the top of the cylinder and consequently the air air belowthe same expands. The frame of the car will consequently be hfted. When the spring and the air pressure has overcome-the 1 the'commencement of the down-stroke take inertia of the wheel, the piston will during along with it the tube d, whereby communication is established between the space on both sides of the piston and the air pressure on both sides is equalized, As soon as the tube has closed against the bottom of the cylinder compression takes place below the piston and expansion above the same. It will now depend upon the dimensions of the cylinder and the spring whether the wheel will reach the ground before the frame ofthe car has come nearer down to its normal position,

with a speed corresponding only to thefac:

celeration of the gravity. After the wheel has touched the ground no great jumping can take place because thepiston atonce carinder with the consequent compression above 4 cording to Fig. 2.

rice the tube up against the top of the cyland expansion below the same. v In the second execution, Figs. 4 and'5, the

piston 0 is of a smaller diameter than the cylinder 0; and it is provided with projections or ribs f, Fig. 5, fornnngpassa'ges between them and supporting a packing ring 6, which Works on the piston with small playat top and bottom' so as to establish communication between the spaces on both sides of the piston during each reversion of the latter, just in the same manner as ac- F or the purpose of lubrication a quantity 7 of. oil is introduced into the space below the piston, said oil being carried to the space above the piston either through pipe d, Fig. 2, the compressed air forcing the oil through said pipe during the downward movement,

or through a by-pass or pipe 9, Fig. 4, having an automatically closing valve h. The oil may also be contained in a chamber from which it is carried in suitable manner. The

air-cylinder will consequently by any dis-I turbance of equilibrium act as an ideal spring (with increasing tension) in addition to the ordinary spring, but after attaining the state of equilibrium it will not only'cease to act as the ordinary spring, but It will thus ness onvthe roadthe air-cylinder will pro .duce a ride more free from' joltsthan by ordinary'spring alone; the size of the un the heating of the tire and of the pavement, '.It. is easy to get the heat conducted from the cylinder by external cooling surface, whlle it for instance by; pneumatic tires would in our .heavy workingexpenses.

It isjevident that pneumatic tires will not be necessary when the wheels come down smoothly and afterward do not jump in a degree worth mentioning. It is evident that the spring 'cannow be quite elastic as the intermittent action of the piston prevents oscillations. j

Having described my invention, I claim: 1. A shock absorber compris ng acylinder closed'at its ends, 'a' piston operabledn said cylinder and arranged to provide a. chamber at each side thereof within the cyl inder, and meansfor establishing communication between saidchambers, said means comprising a hollow tube movably mounted in the piston'and adapted to contact. at eitheruend with a closed endof the cylinder forelosing'the passage'through said tube and interrupting communication between the chambers upon reciprocation of the pis-" ton. 1

2. A shock absorber comprising a cylinder closed at itsends, apiston operable in ["said cylinder and arranged to provide a chamber at each side thereof within the cyl inder, and means for establishing communication between' said chambers, said means comprising a hollow tube movably mounted in the piston and having its end portion extending from opposite sides of said piston into the chambers aforesaid, the ends of said tube being disposed adjacent to the closed ends of the cylinder whereby on initial movement of the pistbn to open communication' between the chambers and upon further movement to interrupt communicatiiiin on contact of an end/of the tube with its adj acent cylinder end.

In testimony whereof I aifiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JEN S WILLIAM AEGIDIUS'ELLING.

Witnesses:

M. E. ('iULLQRMOLY, Ru'ru Lmus'rRoM.

Images