US1186654A - Means for producing phase-shifted oscillations in a plurality of independent oscillation-circuits. - Google Patents

Description

A. FRANKE. v MEANS FOR PRODUCING PHASE SHIFTED OSCILLATIONS IN A PLURALITY OF INDEPENDENT OSCILLATION CIRCUITS. APPLICATION FILED OCT. I. 1913 1,186,654. Patented June 13, 1916.

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ADOLF FRANKIE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

MEANS FOR PRODUCING PHASE-SHIFTED OSCILLATIONS IN A PLURALITY OF INDEPENDENT OSCILLATION-CIRCUITS.

Application filed October 1, 1913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ADOLF FRANKE, a subject of the German Emperor, and residing at Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Producing Phase-Shifted Oscillations in a Plurality of Independent Oscillation- Circuits, of which the following is a full and clear specification.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and more clearly set forth'in the annexed claims.

My invention refers to a means. by which phase shifted electric oscillations can be set up in a plurality of independent oscillation circuits such as for instance, antenna circuits used for transmitting Wireless messages, in order to effect directed transmission of messages.

It is Well known that a directed radiation can be obtained by using a plurality of transmitters and by feeding to them high frequency currents of the same frequency but diflerent phase. In such an arrange ment to get an efiective directed radiation, it is necessary that the phase difierence of the several antenna currents maintain a certain predetermined relation to the distance of the different antennae from each other and to the frequency or wave-length of the currents used. For a given antenna arrangement this phase difference must have a certain predetermined and constant value. For'this reason it is not possible to use for the generation of the high frequency oscillations any device making use of spark gaps because of the uncertain action of such gaps by which the phase relation would constantly be disturbed in an irregular and uncontrollable way. In case high frequency generators are used instead of spark gaps, it is possible to produce such oscillations of a very constant and predetermined phase difference. On the other hand as the distance of the antennae from each other ought not to be small compared with the wave length in order to produce effective radiation, it is necessary to conduct the currents produced by the generator over a considerable distance. If the frequency used for the radiation is directly produced in the genorator, the conduction of these high fre- Specification of Letters Patent.

.erated and conducted to the "called phase-transformers.

Patented June 13", 1916.

Serial No. 792,802.

quency currents over a considerable distance lnvolves relatively great losses, andserious difiiculties in constructing the circuits owing to the fact that the lengths of the leads from the generator to the antennae are not small compared with the quarter wave lengths. :lhese difficulties are overcome through my invention by making the frequency of the oscillations produced in the generator a submultiple of the frequency of the antenna oscillations, and conducting the currents of such relatively low frequency to the transmitting stations where the antennae are located and multiplying "the frequency-at the transmitting stations means of stationary frequency changers to the value of the frequency of the antenna circuits. By this arrangement it is possible to use an appropriately high frequency for theradiatiori and at the same time a considerably lower frequency at which the currents are gentransmitting station.

By producing currents of compa atively low frequency in the generators, we. ch may be of the order of about 10,000 peiisecond, it is possible to regulate the phase of i he individual circuits relatively to that in the other circuits in a very exact manner, since by such generation the phase is deternined directly by the machine. For instance, in case three circuits are being used, a threephase alternating current machine may bew used, or in case more than three circuits should be energized, also multiple phase generators may be used, or also the currents of the machine may be brought into the proper phase relation to each other by so- When using such phase-transformers it is also possible to regulate the phase of the individual currents to control same to the desired nicety.

The frequency changers or multiplicators.

of the character referred to above are known in the art and one form, of such devices has been clearly described in a co-pending application of Georg von Arco and Alexander Meissner for means for producing high frequency currents. Serial Number 762,359. filed April 19, 1913.

By the arrangement above outlined, it is possible to obtain a more efFpr-fivn Ah-AM DA wireless telegraphy than was the case heretofore, and in particular such means prove highly satisfactory and to be almost indispensable in high power wireless stations.

In the annexed drawing I have illustrated a number of. forms in which my invention maybe reduced to practice.

Inthis drawing,Figure 1 represents diagrammatically a transmitting system with two transmitter stations supplied by twophase alternating currents in the primary frequency changer circuit. Fig. 2 represents diagrammatically a transmitting system comprising three transmitter stations supplied by three-phase alternating current in the primary frequency changer circuit. Figs. 3 and 4 represent two different means for shifting the phase of the alternating currents supplied to the several transmitter stations.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, the two transmitting stations AA having the antennae 11 are supplied for instance by a twophase generator 2, which might be located in the main building of the entire ,station. At each transmitting station A, a frequency changer 3 is arranged consisting of for instance two sets 4 and 50f transformer couples, each of which has an auxiliary direct current magnetizing circuit 6. Such changers or multipliers are known in the art and the description of their manner of operation has been therefore omitted in the present description" The currents of submultiple frequency generated in the generator 2 are conducted at that frequency through the lines 77 to the primary windings 8 of the first set The secondary windings 9 of this set a re connected over the tuning means 10 and .1 with the primary windings 12 of the second set 4:, whereas the latters secondary windings 13 are connected in series with the antenna circuit. The lattermay be also properly tuned by means of .the inductance 14 and the. condenser 15. Thus the frequency of the currents supplied to the antennae is increased by two fold multiplication' to four times the frequency. It is obvious that the number of frequency changers arranged in cascades such as is shown in Fig. 1, may be optional and it is possible to choose the primary frequency of the generator so low that the currents generated at such frequency may be conducted through lines 7 practically without material loss, whereas the frequency may be increased by means of the changers shown, to a value suitable for wireless transmission.

If more than two antennae should be supplied with energy in the manner described, for instance three antennae arranged in a triangle, a three phase alternating current generator is used which supplies currents to three frequency changer sets, one provided for each antenna. This is shown in Fig. 2.

In this figure three transmitters A with their respective antennae 1 are shown, arranged in a triangle, whereas the alternating current machine 2 is arranged as threephase. generator. The remainder of the arrangement is substantially the same as in Fig. 1, and indicated by similar reference numerals.

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement for shifting phases directly in the generator, whereas Fig. 4 shows the arrangement for shifting.

the phases outside of the generator.

In Fig. 3, 16 is the rotor and 17 the stator which consists of two elements electrically separated from each other, each stator element generating one phase. The shifting of phases in this case is effected by angularly shifting one member 17 against the other, for instance by a worm gear 18 as shown in Fig. 3, or other suitable means known in the art.

The shifting of phases may also be brought about in a manner diagrammatically shown in Fig. 4. In this figure it is assumed that the primary generator (not shown) generates a three-phase alternating current which is received over the lines 20, and it is assumed that two antennae are present to which separate single phase currents of a given phase relation should be supplied in the manner above described. T o accomplish this'the three phase alternating current is supplied by means of lines 20 in parallel to the stator windings of two three phase alternating current motors or generators which are diagrammatically indicated in Fig. 4: at 19 and 21. 19 are the stators and 21 the rotors. Thus in each stator 19 a rotating field is generated. The rotors of the two motors are prevented from rotation by suitable mechanical means, so that in the wind ing of the rotors currents are generated whose periodicity is the same as that of the three phase alternating current supplied. On the other hand the phase of the current generated in the windings'of each of the rotors 21 depends upon the angular position of "the rotor to the stator. In F ig. i one winding is diagrammatically shown on each stator 21 and connected to the conductors 7 which lead to the frequency changers shown in Figs; 1 and 2. Each of these windings represents a one phase winding, so that one phase alternating current is generated therein. If now the two rotors are set so relatively to their respective stators that the planes through the two windings are at the same angular position, relatively to the stators, the currents supplied to lines 7 have no difference in phase. On the other hand,

if one rotor is angularly shifted relatively to the other, the degree of phase shifting be tween the currents generated in the two rotors depends upon the value of the angle at which therotors stand, relatively to each Therefore, according 'to the angular other.

position of the two rotors any desired phase shifting of the currents in the two antennae, relatively to each other, may be obtained.

I claim:

1. Arrangement for producing phase shifted sustained oscillations of the character described comprising a plurality of transmitters having antenna circuits, each of the same frequency and separated by a substantial distance, an alternating current generator having a frequency substantially equal to a submultiple of the antenna frequency and adapted to produce currents of difierent phase, means for conducting said phase shifted currents, one phase to each transmitter and means at each transmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currents substantially to the value of the antenna circuit frequency before they are supplied to the antenna circuit.

2. Arrangement for producing phase shifted sustained oscillations of the character described, comprising a plurality of transmitters having antenna circuits, each of the same frequency, an alternating current generator having a frequency substantially equal to a submultiple of the antenna.

frequency, means for varying the phase relation of the currents produced by said generator, means for conducting said phase shifted currents, one phase to each transmitter and means at each transmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currents substantially to the value of the antenna circuit frequency before they are supplied to the antenna circuits.

3. Arrangement for producing phase shifted sustained oscillations of the characator, means for conducting said phase shifted currents, one phase to each transmitter and stationary frequency changers at each transmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currents substantially to the value of the antenna circuit frequency before they are supplied to the antenna circuits.

4. Arrangement for producing shifted sustained oscillations of the character described, comprising a plurality of transmitters having antenna circuits, each of the same frequency and separated by a substantial distance, an alternating current generator having a frequency substantially equal to a submultiple of the antenna frequency, phase shifting transformers for varying the phase relation of the currents produced by said generator, means for conducting said phase shifted currents, one phase to each transmitter and means at each transmitter for multiplying the frequency of said currents substantially to the value of the antenna circuit frequency before they are supplied to the antenna-circuits.

ADOLF FRANKE. Witnesses:

\VOLDEMAR HAUPT, HARRY L. WILSON.

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