US1181257A - Calculating-machine. - Google Patents

Description

L. W. BOSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLlcAloN FILED Nov. a. 190s.

Patented May 2, 1916.

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UNITED STATES` PATENT OFFICE.

LEON WALTER ROSENTHAL, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Application led November 3, 1908.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, Lnox VAL'rnR Rosnx- 'i'H.\L, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to calculating machines and particularly to one wherein the multiplication of any two factors having any value and sequence of digits, and any number thereof within the capacity for which the particular machine is designed, is obtained by positioning' in proper denominational relation for adding in any suitable way, the partial products of the digits of the respective factors.

The broad idea embodied in this invention comprehends a structure having, for the digits of the multiplicand, members with partial products arranged thereon, together with mechanism for positioning the members in accordance with the denomination and value of each of the multiplicand digits to bring' them into predetermined arrangement in one direction, and mechanism for moving' the members in another direction in accordance with the value of the digits of the multiplier to position the separate digits constituting the partial products in proper denominational relation for adding in unbroken lines to obtain the complete product sought.

The inventive idea is illustrated in application by a system of computation wherein the product of any two numbers may be ascertained by setting down the digits of the multiplicand in as many vertical or transverse columns as there are digits in the multiplier', then multiplying the digits of each column by the underlying multiplier digit, then arranging the respective products thus found in lines with the units and tens properly disposed, and then adding the lines of product digits in proper denominational relation. A specific form of the process is illustrated in Figure 5 of the drawings. wherein, for example. the multiplication of the numbers 362 and 769 is indicated, and wherein, for example, the units and tens of the respective products are diagonally disposed for addition in oblique lines.

My invention, generally stated, comprises Specification of Letters Patent Patented May 2, 1916.

Serial No. 460,872.

a novel mechanical device whereby the partial products of the multiplicand and the multiplier digits can be readily and accurately ascertained and at the same time eX- posed to view or positioned in such relative order that their sum can be quickly noted or determined in any other suitable way, as will be hereinafter described and claimed.

While I have herein illustrated and shall proceed to describe a simple and desirable form of embodiment of my invention it is to be understood that I do not limit myself tothat specific form as the structure may be modified in many particulars without departing from the fair spirit of the invention.

In the drawings- Fig l is a plan of a simple form of device embodying my invention, the top or cover being partially removed to show internal parts, and the multiplicand members occupying their zero position; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section, enlarged, as on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, showing the multiplicand members in juxtaposition and the devices for actuating the same to expose to view predetermined numbered spaces thereof; Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal section, as on the line of Fig. 2: Fig. 4 is a development of a series of multiplicand members showing the multiples of digits thereon; Fig. 5 is the example above referred to of the system of multiplication upon which mv device is based.

A is a suitable box or casing, in the top of which intermediate of its ends is provided a window a of glass or other transparent material. Slidingly mounted within the casing, in parallelism with each other, are a series of carriages B corresponding to the number of digits in the maximum multiplicand to be operated upon. Thus, for example, the device herein illustrated is adapted to operate upon a multiplicand containing no more than three digits, and hence three carriages are employed. Each carriage comprises an upper horizontal bar 7), a lower shaft 72 parallel therewith. and two end heads b2. These heads are supported and guided on a longitudinallydisposed rod b3 affixed to the respective ends of the casing, whereby the carriage can be bodily moved longitudinally Within the lat-- ter. Projecting upwardly from one of the end heads of each carriage through a slot a in the top of the casing, is a stud b4, by

neously with the carriage in its longitudinal travel, are each capable of separate and independent turning movement about the longitudinal path of the carriage. In the present instance, each of these members comprises a flexible endless band of Celluloid, or other appropriate material, passing around the bail 7J of the carriage, and about a pinion c loosely mounted on the underlying shaft b, the band being provided with a medial row of perforations c in registry with the teeth of the pinion, whereby when the latter is rotated the band is uniformly and accurately advanced thereby independently of all the otherk multiplicand members. pinions are mounted on the shaft to turnv independently of each other, and yet be movable simpltaneously with the carriage in its longitudinal travel. The outer surface of each member is uniformly dividedinto, ten or more spaces in which are marked or indicated in any suitable manner, oraccording toany system of notation, figures, numbers or characters, representing the multiples of one of the digits 0 to 9, inclusive. The members C of each carriage B are` divided into sets S0, S1, S2 (Figs. 3i and 4) wherein each of said sets comprises three members C3, C4, C5, correspondingly marked and being equal in number to the number. of digits in the maximum multiplier factor for which the particular machine is designed. Hence, in the present instance, there are ten sets of members C on each of the three carriages, or a total ofthirty members in each longitudinal row. All of the spaces of each member C3, C"t or C5 in the rst set (S0 of Fig. 4) of members of each carriage are marked with 0, representingfthe multiples of 0. Obviously this set containing the multiples of 0 may be omitted if desired. The spaces of each member C3, C4, C5 of the second set (S1 of Fig. 4)

are marked with the multiples of l, viz. 0l

1, 2', 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9; and thespaces of each member C3, C4 or C5 of the third set (S2 of Fig. 4) are marked with the multiples of 2, viz., O, 2, 4, 6, 8, l0, 12, 14, 16 and 18. The spaces of each member of the remaining sets are marked with thev multiples of the digits 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively, the indications starting with 0 in each case and endingwith the ninth multiple. This complete arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 4, wherein each vertical column represents the multiples on one multiplicandl member, the vertical lines indicatingspaces of separation between the adjacent independently rotatable members.

The

If desired, the multiples on the individual members may be arranged otherwise than consecutively, and the sets of members may also be arranged otherwise than consecutively according to any other' suitable system. Some of the numbers indicated on the spaces are composed of two figures and others of a single figure. In the former case they are disposed diagonally within the space, and in the latter the figure is placed toward one corner of the space, which space, for the sake of clearness, is preferably divided diagonally, as indica-ted. This arrangement may, however, be modified for exampleso that the digits of the partial products properly appear in vertical alinement instead of oblique alinement as herein shown. It is to be noted that the members of the respective carriages, aside from the digits thereon, are similar in all respects. Normally the members of each carriage are maintained in a position wherein the zero digits of the succeeding sets-are uppermosty or upon the bar Zi, as shown in Fig. l, such disposition of the members being' conveniently eifected by means of suitably-disposed spiral springs 02 encircling the shaft b', and affixed thereto and to the pinions respectively.

Extending within and transversely of the casing, directly below the window a thereof, and beneath the carriages, are three parallel multiplyingv racks D, which are spaced correspondingly with the three pinions of a set of multiplicand members, and are adapted to mesh with the teeth of any three pinions that may be moved into their path. The number of multiplying racks in any machine is always the same as the number of digits in the maximum multiplier and therefore equal to the number of multiplicand members in each set of each row. These racks are formed on rods that are slidingly mounted in bearings in the sides of the casing. the forward ends of the rods being provided with suitable knobs whereby they may be conveniently operated independently of each other. By this constructionit will be seen that if the carriages be moved longitudinally ofthe casing in accordance with the value of the respective multiplicand digits to bring any predetermined sets of multiplicand members thereof into vertical or transverse alinement with each other and below the window of the casing, the pinions of such members will mesh with the teeth of the respective racks. Then, by pulling out the racks successively, the respective series of pinions in transverse aliiiementv engaged thereby, together with their associated bands, can be simultaneously and uniformly rotated and advanced so as to bring uppermost the spaces of the respective members engaged thereby and bearing the partial products sought; the number of spaces adllO vanced by each rack corresponding with the value of the predetermined figure of the multiplier'.

As a simple and efficient means to lock each multiplier rack temporarily space by space as it is pulled outward. l form on the underside of the rack rod a series of properly spaced notches d with each of which a spring-actuated pin (Z2 engages when a notch and pin are in registry. The pin is conveniently fitted to a vertical aperture in the base of the casing. and supported at its lower end in a depending bracket cl3 on the base; a spring Z4 encircling the pin and bearing vat its respective ends against the bracket and a shoulder on the pin. Any other appropriate means for temporarily locking the rack may be employed.

I preferably though not essentially provide each rack rod with a series of spacemarks (Z5, consecutively numbered from one to nine. which as they successively present themselves eXteriorly of the casing when the rod is pulled outward, indicate the extent of movement of the latter and the number of spaces of the multiplicand members thereby advanced. Any other suitable indicating means may be adopted.

Assuming it to be desired to multiply 362 by 769, the operation of the device is briefly as follows The first or uppermost carriage in Fig. l is shifted longitudinally to the left within the casing until its set of multiplicand members bearing the multiples of (indicated by S3 in Fig. 4.) is brought beneath the window A of the casing; then the second or middle carriage in Fig. l is moved to the left until its set of multiplicand members bearing the multiples of 6. (indicated by S6 in Fig. 4;) is brought beneath the window; and then the lower-most carriage in Fig. l is moved to the left until its set of multiplicand members bearing the multiples of 2 (indicated by S2 in Fig. el) is brought beneath the window. The multiplicand members bearing thel multiples of 6 and Q are thus respectively disposed in three transverse lines, the Zero multiples then showing through the window. However, in order to more clearly illustrate the sys-tem of multiplication on which my invention is based. the first multiples of the multiplicand digits are shown in Fig. instead of the zeros which would actually appear before the multiplicand members are rotated. Now. by pulling out the first multiplying rack D on the eXtreme left in Fig. l a distance denoting seven spaces. the three multiplicand members in transverse alinement and individually controlled thereby will be correspondingly advanced to present the seventh multiples of 3. 6 and 2 beneath the window, viz. 2l. 4:2 and lei. respectively. Then by pulling out the second or middle multiplying rack D a distance denoting six spaces7 the three multiplicand members in transverse alinement and individually controlled thereby will be advanced to present the sixth multiples of 3. 6 and 2. viz., 1S, 36 and l2, respectively. Next by pulling out the third multiplying rack D on the extreme right a distance denoting nine spaces, the three multiplicand members in transverse alinement and individually controlled thereby will be correspondingly advanced to present the ninth multiples of 3. 6 and 2, viz., 27, 5l and 1S. respectively. These partial products will then appear beneath the window of the casing in columns similar to the partial products indicated in the lower part of Fig. then by adding the partial products as indicated by the oblique lines. the complete product 278,378 is obtained.

It is evident that by the above-described mode of operation the product of any two numbers having digits of any value and in any sequence may be quickly and accurately obtained. If the limit of the machine is to be three figures in the multiplicand and three in the multiplier, there must be provided three carriages containing multiplicand members in sets S0. S1, S2 and three multipliers racks as hereinbefore described. But if the multiplicand and multiplier are each to contain four, five or more figures. then the carriages and associated parts must be correspondingly increased. If the multiplicand or multiplier' or both have .fewer digits than the limit of the machine, the'proper result will be obtained since but one carriage is moved longitudinally for each multiplicand digit and since those multiplicand members of each set are not operated upon actuation of the number of multiplying' racks corresponding to the digits of the multiplier will show zeros to one side of the partial products and therefore not interfere with the subsequent addition. In the way herein described. predetermined digits or markings representing the multiples of digits are brought together at a predeterminedr place without being mixed with or separated by other digits or markings which do not enter into the particular problem.

l claim:

l. In a calculating machine. a plurality of lines of independently operable members bearing relatively arranged indications representing the separate digits forming` the multiples of digits. means for positioning in one direction predetermined ones of said members in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate digits of any multiplicand of two or more digits, and means for positioning in a second direction predetermined ones of the same members in accordance with the value and ilenomination of the separate digits of any multiplier of two or more digits. the arrangement being such that all the predetermined indications of like denomination are thereby positioned in unbroken lines and when added along those lines give the separate digits forming the complete product of said multiplicand and multiplier; substantially as described.

2. In a calculating machine, a plurality of lines of independently operable members bearing indications representing the separate digits formingthe multiples of digits wherein each multiple containing two digits is represented by obliquely arranged indications, means for positioning in one direction predetermined ones ot said members in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate digits oit any multiplicand of two or more digits, and means for positioning in a second direction predetermined ones of the same members in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate digits of any multiplier of two or more digits, the arrangement being such that all the predeterminedindications of like denomination are thereby positioned in unbroken lines in a third direction and when added along those lines give the separate digits forming the complete product or' said multiplicand and multiplier: substantiallyv as described.

3. In a calculating machine, a plurality of independently operable members provided each with indications representing the elementary multiples of a single digit, means for positioning in one direction predetermined ones of said members in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate digits of the multiplicand, and means for positioning in a second direction predetermined ones of the same members in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate digits of the multiplier, the arrangement being such that all the predetermined indications of like denomination are thereby positioned in unbroken lines and when added along these lines give the separate digits forming the complete product of said multiplicand and multiplier; substantially as described.

t. In a calculating machine, a plurality otmembers provided each with indications representing the separate digits forming the multiples of a single digit, means for positioning predetermined ones of said members in such arrangement that for each digit ot the multiplicand there is in longitudinal alinement a number of said predetermined members equal to the number of digits in the multiplier, and for each digit of the multiplier there is in transverse alinement a number of said predetermined members equa-l to the number of digits in the multiplicand, and means for positioning predetermined indications of said predetermined members in such manner that the indications of like denomination are brought into unbroken lines and when added along those lines give the separate digits forming the complete product of said multiplicand and multiplier; substantially as described.

5. In a calculating machine, a plurality of members arranged in a number' of lines equal to the number of digits in the multiplicand, each of said lines containing a plurality of sets of said members and each of said sets comprising a number of said members equal to the number of digits in the multiplier, wherein the members or" one set in each line are each provided with indications representing the elementary multiples of l, and wherein the members of another set in each line are each provided with indications representing the elementary multiples of 2, and so on, means for collectively moving the members of each line to position predetermined ones thereoirl in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate multiplicand digits, and means for positioning the indications on one member or' each predetermined set in accordance with the value and denomination of each digit of the multiplier, the arrangement being such that all the indications of like denomination are thereby positioned in unbroken lines and when added along those lines give the separate digits forming the complete product of said multiplicand and multiplier; substantially as described,

6. In a calculating machine, a plurality of lines of independently rotatable members provided each with relatively arranged indications representing the multiples of digits, means for moving to single adding place predetermined ones of said members in accordance with the value and denomination of the separate digits of the multiplicand, and means for rotating predetermined ones of the same members in accordance with the value and denomination of the digits of the multiplier, the arrangement being such that all the predetermined indications of like denomination are thereby positioned in unbroken linesl at the single adding place and when added along those lines give the separate digits forming the complete product of the multiplicand and multiplier; substantially as described.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this 22d day of October, 1908.

LEON ALTER ROSENTHAL.

Titnesses JAMES LORD, JOHN R.. NOLAN.

Copies ofy this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D.

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