US1165862A - Apparatus for wireless signaling. - Google Patents

Description

B. A. FESSENDEN.

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS SiGNALING.

APPLlCATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1907.

1 1651862. Patented Dec.28,1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WIT/YISSIS j/V Iii/V7017;

R. A. FESSENDEN.

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1907.

1,165,862. Patented De0.28,1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2T WIT/VX5515.- wy 7 ,9

R. A. FESSENDEN.

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1907.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Q m ig T MM UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN, OF BRANT BOGK,- MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, '10 SAMUEL M. -KINTNER, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, AND HALSEY M-..BARRETT, OF BLOOMFIELI), NEW JERSEY, RECEIVERS.

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS SIGNALING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

My invention relates especially to high frequency electrical Oscillations and to means for generating electro-magnet1c waves.

The primary object of the invention is to provide for more efficient production of high frequency oscillat ons and electromagnetic waves, and in particular improve the construction and operation of apparatus for this purpose.

T he objects and advantages herein set forth are conveniently attained by the construction illustrated for example in the form of the generator shown in che accompanying drawhags.

1 lo a see i f the axis, machine .ures of my invention. bial diagram illustratng a ing the armature o r- 3 IS a fragmentary plan viewof the face of a revolving inductor pole If prefer to use.

Fig. 4; is a perspective view of convenient means for mounting the machine for use on ship board or other places where the support is unstable. Figs. 5 and are respectively a partial section and a partial side elevation showing a modified form of armature construction.

Heretofore difficulty has been found in obtaining a large output from high frequency generators used for the production of electro-magnetic waves, on account of the difiiculty of obtaining the narrow air-gap necessary, and producing a sufiiciently strong magnetic field and obtaining a sufficiently high frequency. My invention overcomes these difiiculties as well as others, as will hereinafter appear.

Referring first to Fig. 1, there is provided the rotating inductor disk 11 shown in section, mounted upon a shaft 22 and preferably driven by some high speed motor such as a De Laval steam turbine of the type illustrated in Fig. 4. The disk 11 is preferably turnedfrom a single piece of metal and preferably made of nickel vana-- dium steel. The casing 21 should have supports adjustable in all directions so that the disk may be accurately centered when in motion, in order to center the field of the generator. This is very important because the axle of the disk 11 must have flexibility, either in itself or in its mounting, and therefore if adjusted when at rest, its position will change when in motion and unless the disk is adjusted while in motion, the eliioiency is much reduced. Any kind of adjustmen should be capable of extreme accuracy. be arranged as in Fig. i by adjusting screws :1. The centering may also he accomplished by means of a bearing 38 adjustable in position by means of screws 39 in the supporting ring 23 supported on springs 40 as shown in Fig. 1. The disk in rapid rotation of course tends to assume its own grav ty center. llhe sides of the per 1 12 or die disk 11 are prefndicated at Fig. 3, and filled up witi some nonnce, in order to present a surface and reduce the .i wise the whole machine may be mounted in a vacuum for the same purpose, as is The revolving disk 11 is inclosed in a frame or casing 1- 21, and to' the part 21 are attached armatures 19, 20 of insulating material on opposite sides of the periphery 18 of disk 11 and adjustably mounted upon the frame, as by threads, so that the armature winding may be moved and may approach more closely the slotted periphery 18 of the disk than the laminated rings 15, 16, which are also mounted in the casing over the field coils 12, 13. These coils energize the magnetic circuits 14, 15, 18, 11, and 17, 16, 18, 11. The rings 15, 16 are preferably laminated in order to avoid eddy currents.

Th armature winding is indicated in Fig.

2, as formed by the conductor 24. This figure also illustrates another armature winding, on rings 19, 20 formed by the conductor 25, which has a transmitter 26 in series with it. By putting this transmitter into action the currents in the winding 25, affect the strength of the currents in winding 24, and if the winding 24 be connected to the ground and to an antenna, in the usual man ner, electrical signals may thus be produced.

It has been found by experiment that by using the unsymmetrical air-gap above described much higher voltages and outputs, and higher efficiencies are obtained, and this is one of the principal features of my invention. The operation of the device will be evident to those skilled in the art.

While the applicant cannot fully state the reason of the action, it has been proven by experiment that a larger output is gained by this arrangement. Possibly it is because the winding being nearer the one side of the gap causes a concentration of the lines of force at the time and place where they are cut.

In the use of a high speed generator for wireless signaling on ship board for example, or where the support is unstable, the gyratory effect of moving the rotating disk out of its plane of revolution might result in displacing the relative position of parts and cause the disk to cut the armature 19, 20. In order to prevent this and increase the efiiciency of operation, in addition to using a device for accurately centering the revolving inductor while it is in motion as above described, it have shown in Fig. t a desirable mounting for the whole machine and the driving motors. In this figure the steam from supply pipe 31 is led through a reducing valve 32 in order to keep the pressure constant, and after passing through the two De Laval turbines 29, 30, may exhaust through pipes 33, 34, into base 35. These turbines and the generator 28 are all, attached to the pivoted frames 36, 37 of a gyroscopic mounting supported in the base 35.

It will be understood that in a machine involving such high speed of rotation, the mounting must be able to accommodate itself to the moving element, and it has been found that not only on shipboard but even in stationary plants the machinery'is much less liable to shock and wear by allowing the bearings freedom of motion. For this reason the mounting shown in Fig. lis Very advantageous, and it is especially soon ac count of the necessity of adjusting the parts While the rotary inductor is in motion, as above described. lit will be understood that ll may either use a double armature as in Fig. 1- or a single armature between double sets of teeth on the inductor as in Figs. 5 and 6. g

in Figs. 5 and e, 42, as, 44, 45, 4e, 51, 5a are metal rings for supporting the armature. 48 is the armature which is made in numerous sections of boxwood or other suitable material, having the slots 56 formed in them thus leaving the projections 55 (shown sidewise in Fig. 5 and face View in Fig. 6) between the slots. The winding a9 is Wound a menace in a recess in the projecting portion 55 as shown. Any suitable field construction may be used for this armature, which is preferably placed unsymmetrically and near the inductor projections in the air gap but the field circuit may be as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, where 50 is the revolving part of the magnetic circuit and 54: isthe field coil. This method of constructing the armature obviates a very serious difliculty met with in the usual form of construction, a. e., warping. This is a matter of small importance in ordinary machines, but with high frequency machines of the type here described a warping of a few ten thousandths of an inch per inch reduces the output, by its cumulative action, to a small fraction, by reason of the windings neutralizing each others effects. Even armatures constructed of resined maple wood warp sufficiently to reduce the output to one quarter or less of what'it should be. By thus constructing the armature in small sections clamped between metal rings, and so supported that each section can expand independently it is possible to obtain the grain running always radially and to make armature sections interchangeable, and to obtain the full theoretical output.

l have found by experience that the above mentioned details of construction are of supreme importance, though I am not prepared to say in all cases why the superior results are attained. It will be understood that the feature of telephoning by directly varying the currents in the armature Winding, is not claimed herein, but will be covered in a separate application; the present case being limited to the construction of the generator itself.

Having thus described my invention, what T claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is the following:

1. A high frequency current generator having elements forming a magnetic circuit 110 with an air gap, a toothed movable inductor traveling in said gap,and an armature Winding located in the gap nearer to the inductor than the side.

2. A' machine for producing high fre- 11 quency oscillations comprising elements forming a magnetic field circuit with an air gap, a rotary inductor and an armature in the air gap Whose winding is placed unsymmetrically in the space between elements 1 of the magnetic circuit.

3. In a dynamo, the combination of a rotating inductor having an undulating magnetic face, elements forming a magnetic field with an air gap therein and armatures hav- 125 ing windings in the gap placed nearer to the inductor than to the side of the air gap.

4. Tn a high frequency dynamo, the com bination with a field coil and a casing forming part of the field circuit, of a rotating in- 180 ductor and a plurality of armature rings adjustably mounted in the casing near tne rotating inductor.

5. In a dynamo, the combination of a frame forming part of the field circuit, a field coil and an armature ring in the air gap, a rotating toothed disk inductor, and an armature Winding mounted between the ring and disk.

6. In a dynamo the combination of a field frame, a field coil, a pair of armature rings, a rotating inductor and a pair of armature windings mounted between said inductor and the rings located close to the sides of the inductor.

7. A high frequency current generator comprising a field circuit with an air gap, a rotary inductor traveling in the gap, two stationary armatures, and a mounting having means to adjust the relative positions of the inductor and armatures.

8. In a high frequency dynamo, the combination of elements forming a magnetic field circuit with an air gap, a revolving inductor therein and a plurality of armatures mounted in the air gap and having means for adjustment of the armatures to vary their distances from said inductor.

9. A high frequency dynamo comprising the combination of a revolving inductor and a plurality of armatures mounted adjacent thereto and means for adjusting the armatures to vary the positions of their windings relative to the inductor.

10. An alternating current generator having .an armature support made of insulating material in numerous sections, and metallic rings clamping and adjustably supporting said sections so as to allow said sections to expand independently and yet be adjusted as a Whole.

11. A high frequency alternator comprising a casing, two armature rings mounted in the casing with means to adjust their distance apart, a rotary inductor and flexible supports for the inductor having means to adjust the position of the center of gravity of the inductor relative to said armatures.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunder signed my name in the presence of the two subscribed witnesses.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN.

Witnesses:

JESSIE E. BENT, ADELEINE WOLEVER.

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