US1164438A

US1164438A - Refrigerating apparatus.

Info

Publication number: US1164438A
Application number: US87192614A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph F Winkler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1914-11-13
Filing date: 1914-11-13
Publication date: 1915-12-14
Anticipated expiration: 1932-12-14

Description

J. F. WINKLER.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 13. x914 1,164,438. Patented Dec.14,1915.

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I. F. WINKLER.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

. APPLICATION mm nov. 13. 1914.

1,164,438.. Patented Dec-14,1915.

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J. F. WINKLER.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED-H0113. 1914. 1,164,438. Patented Dec. 14, 1915.

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STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Jossrirr. vv'I KLEa, or PNILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

' REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JosnrirF. WmKLea, a citizen of theUnited States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a Refrigerating Apparatus, of which the following is a speci cation.

This invention relates particularly to automatically controlled refrigerating systems and one object is to provide a nove combination of apparatus especially designed to maintain constant the temperature in one. or in any number of independent refrigerating compartments. or chambers.

A further object of theinvention is to provide a system of the above noted type which shall include means'whereby the supply of cooling or condensin water shall automatically controlled wit 1 a view to economizing its use, the invention'a'lso contemplating apparatus for the automatic shutting down of the compressor if the water supply should fail or be cut off for any reason.

I also desire to provide a relatively simple arrangement of apparatus for automatically controlling the flow of refrigerant'or cooling liquid from a'source of the same such as a container or cooler, throughone or more independent compartments, with a view to maintaining the temperature therein at a predetermined relativelylow point.

I further desire to provide a system with a novel arrangement of parts for preventing escape ofrefrigerant in case of a leak or breakage of the refrigerant containing pipe at any of a number of points, for separating and returning to the compressor any lubricant which-may have been carried away by the refrigerant and for generally caus ing the apparatus of the system to continue in operative condition for long periods of time with a minimum of attention or repairs. These objects and other advantageous ends I secure as hereinafter set. forth, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, in which a K Figures 1, 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views illustrating slightly different systems constructed according to my invention.

In Fig. 1 of the-above-drawings, lrepreseats a compressor driven from an electric motor 2, and designed to receive gaseous refrigerant, such as ammonia,fthroughan-. in- 'take pipe j 4', I and deliveredvmfuncompressed condition-"to .adischargmQpipei'B. .aImme-j -diatel v adjacent the compressor I these-two Patented Dec. 1-1, 1915.

Application filed November 18, 1914. Serial No, 871,926.

pipes are connected to each other by a conduit 6 in which is included a safetv valve 7, and are also connected by a second conduit 8, including an equalizing valve 9. This may be'of any desired construction and is so designed that when the compressor 1 is shut down it will automatically equalize the pres sure between the high and low pressure sides of the system though it will prevent such equalization when the compressor is in operation. For indicating the pressures in the two sides of the system I provide two gages 10 and 11 of which the first in addition to being connected permanently to the high pressure pipe 5, is also connected through a valve 12 with the low pressure pipe. The second gage is likewise permanently connected with the low pressure pipe 4, and is also-connected through a stop valve 13 to the high pressure side. Two automatic pressure actuated switches or cutouts 14: and 15 are so connected as to be actuated by fluid under pressure in the, pipes 5 and 4 respectively as hereinafter described. The discharge pipe 5 of the compressor is arrangedto deliver to a condenser 16 of any desired or suitable form and illustrated as of the. double tube type which includes an interimpipe 17 connected tln'ough'certain controlling valves to a source of water supply and having its outlet connected to a drain or receptacle for waste water. Each of the two lengths of this cooling tube is surrounded by a larger tube 18 and these two outer sections are connected at one end by .the manifold. The second end of one otsaid sections 18 is connected to the discharge pipe I) of the compressor, while the second end of the second section is connected to a suitable container or receptacle 19 for liquid refrigerant. That portion of the delivery pipe 5 between the connection for the cutout switch 14 and the condenser 16 has connected in it an oil separator 20, an automatic cutoff valve 21, an automatic air and gas extractor 22 and an automatic liquid refrigerant still and purifier 23. Of

these pieces of apparatus the oilseparator is designed to remove any oil which may be mixed with theliquidrefrigerant delivered by the compressor andreturn .it through a pipe 2-1 to the crank case-of the compressor 1.. In' thiseonduit-M isconnected atrap 25 (lesigned I-to iautoinatically open -to permit ,flowgoi-hquid (which in this case is oil) to thehcranlcEcase of the-compressor and to automatically close to prevent passage of any gas thereto. I

The upper part of the separator 20 is connected through a pipe 20 to deliver fluid under pressure to one side of the diaphragm of the valve 21 which is designed so as to automatically close if there should beabreak in the system anywhere between the com-- pressor 1 and the oil separator 20. The device 22 may likewise be of any suitable construction and is designed to separate air or other foreign gases from the refrigerant flowing through it. Bet-ween this extractor and the intake end of the condenser 16 is connected the still and purifier 23 which consists of a container having a conduit 26 connecting it to a point in the system from which liquid refrigerant may low by gravity so that it is maintained in said container at a predetermined level above the point of entrance of the pipe 5 but below its point of exit. In order that gases passing through said pipe may be compelled to flow through said liquid, this container usually has mounted within it a float controlled valve (not shown) whereby this constant level of refrigerant is maintained and is provided with a valved pipe 27 leading from its lowest portion to permit of the drawing off of any impurities which may separate out. Connected in the water supply pipe 17 is a diaphragm valve 28 designed to control the flow of cooling medium through the condenser, its operation being governed by or dependent upon the action of a suitable thermostat in the pipe 5. The diaphragm or controlling chamber of this valve is connected to the thermostat tube containing volatile liquid by a branch pipe 29, and the arrangement is such that as he temperature of the gas in the pipe 5 rises, said valve is opened, it being caused to close when said temperature falls. Also connected in the water supply pipe are two

electromagnetic valves

30 and 31, a mechanically operated valve 32. and a device 33 consisting of a cylinder and plunger, designed to maintain an electric switch 334 closed as long as the pressure of water remains above a predetermined point. Any failure of this pressure causes automatic opening of said switch.

The outlet of the storage tank 19 is connected through an electromagnetic valve 35, a stop valve 36 and a gas trap 37 to a device 38 for cooling the anhydrous liouid rcfrigerant which-1s shown as consisting of an inner conduit 39, and an outer conduit made in two sections -t0'surrounding the same and-connected at one'end'by a'=manifold 41; One end of one section is likewise connectedtoa pipe 42 receiving-tho vaporized gas' 'or yapors .of the refrigerant, while the 'secondend of'the other section is connected tothe pipe 4, which as'above noted connects with the intake of the comprcssor. It is noted that this return pipe is also connected to the top or gas space of the purifier 23. In the present instance I have shownthe pipe 39 leading from the cooler 3811s connected to a brine cooler 43 and as also connected to a pair of coils 4+ and 45 whose second ends are connected to the return conduit 42, as is also the second end of the brine cooler 43. This latter is illustrated as of the double tube type, although obviously it may be of any desired form and its brine containing pipe 46 includes a circulating pump actuated by an electric or any other suitable form of motor 48, there being also included in said pipe an expansion tank or chamber 49. As shown in the drawing, the endless circulating pipe 46 is arranged to include two portions substantially parallel and has connected between these any desired number of refrigerating coils 50, 51, 52 and 53. In the first of these is connected a mechanically operated valve 5-1, the second includes an electromagnetic valve 55, the third includes a thermostatically actuated valve 56, designed to be operated by variations in the pressure of some volatile fluid contained in a tube or holder 57, while the fourth has connected in it a diaphragm-controlled valve 58 actuated from a suitable source through a supply pipe 59. This air pipe includes a thermostat 60 forgoverning the supply of air to said valve 58.

Connected in the pipe 39, adjacent the point where this delivers into the brine cooler 43, I provide a diaphragm controlled expansion valve 61 and also connect a sec.- ond similar expansion valve 62 between said supply pipe 39 and coil 44. In the case of the coil 45, I connect an electromagnetic valve (l3 between its inlet and a float controlled valve G-l and the chamber 65, in such manner that as long as said valve ()3 remains open, the float valve ()4 maintains liquid rcfrigerant in the chamber ()5 and hence in the coil 45, which has both ends connected thereto at a predetermined level. The upper or gas containing portions of the valve 64 and chamber ()5 are connected through suitable conduits to an electromagnetic valve ()6 which in turn is connected to the return gas pipe 42. the operation of this valve being in part. controlled by a switch actuating thermostat 67. mounted in the. compartment containing the-coil 45. Similarly coil 44 is connected to the return pipe 42 through an automatic stop valve 68, governed by variations in the pressure of fluid within a container 69," constituting a thermostatwithin the chamber or compartment having 'tlie-coil et-i'and also designed to cause openmg ot' theva-lve' to permit of passage of gaseous refrigerating medium whenever the "temperature in-its vicinity rises above a predetermined point. Also within said compartment of the coil 4% is mounted a switch controlling thermostat 70. Adjacent the outlet of the. refrigerant containing section of the brine cooler 43 I connect a diaphragmcontrollcd valve 71, for stopping off the. gaseous refrigerating medium on its way to the compressor 1 as it is formed from the liquid in said cooler.

In the pipe 4, between the liquid cooler 38 and the compressor, I connect an automatic pressure controlled valve T2 and a safety trap 73, the first of these being arranged to automatically shut off the refrigerant in case of a break between it and said compressor and the latter being provided with a mechanism, (not shown) for preventing passage of liquid to the intake of the compressor, the arrangement being such that the valve 72 is actuated by a reduction of the pressure in device 1.

For controllin the circuit of the motor 2, I connect one 0 its terminals to a current supply main :1: through the plunger controlled switch 31 and the winding of the electromagnetic valve 31, while its second terminal is connected to the second current supplv main 7 through a solenoid switch 74. This latter switch is controlled by a solenoid 75. one terminal of whose winding is permanently connected to the current supply main ;I while its second terminal is connected to a movable switch member 76, capable of engaging either of two contacts 77 and 78 respectively connected to a pair of contacts 79 and 80 of a relay switch having a winding 81. The movable member of this switch is so arranged that when said winding is deencrgizcd, it connects the contact 80 with a second contact 82 and when energized, connects the contact 79 with a contact 83. In passing it may be noted that the valve 32 is connected to be mechanically actuated by movement of the switch arm 76, under the action of the solenoid 75.

The winding of the relay switch has one terminal connected through the automatic cutoffs 14 and 15 to the current supply main and its second terminal is connected to the

contacts

86, 87 and 88 of. three solenoid switches 89, 90 and 91, the connection to the contacts 88 being made through the windings of the two electromagnets controlling the valves ()3 and 66. The winding 92 of the switch 91 has one terminal permanently connected to the current supply main 3/ and its other connected to its movable contact arm which is so mounted as to be capable of engaging either of two contacts 93 or 9-1. These are respectively connected to the two fixed contact points of the thermostat GT whose movable contact is permanently connected to the current supply main or it being understood that this thermostat is, so mounted as to be actuated by changes of temperature in the compartment containing the refrigerating coi 45. Similarly, the compartment having the coil 11 is shown as also containing the expansive tluid thermostat 69 and also the switch actuating thermostat 70. The movable contact of this latter thermostat is permanently connected to the current supply main :0 while its two fixed contacts are respectively connected to the contacts 95 and 96 of the solenoid switch 90, to whose movable arm is connected one terminal of its winding 97. The second terminal of this winding, as well as one terminal of the solenoid switch 89 is permanently connected to the current supply main :1 and the second terminal of this latter windim is connected to the switch arm actuated by it. This arm is capable of engaging either of the contacts 99 or 100 respectively connected to the-two fixed con tacts of a thermostat 101, placed to be actuated by changes of temperature in the brine circulated in the pipe -16. The fixed contact of this thermostat is permanently connected to the current supply main Of the three compartments cooled respectively by the coils 51, 52 and 53, the first contains a thermostat 102, connected to a solenoid switch 103, the second has a thermostat 104 connected to a switch 105 and the third has a thermostat 106 connected to a switch 197. In each instance the thermostat has its movable contact permanently connected to the current supply main n: and has its two fixed terminals respectively connected to a mir of contacts so placed on their particular switch as to be capable of engagement by the movable arm which is actuated by the solenoid of said switch. One end of each of the switch solenoids is connected to this movable arm and its second end is connected to the current supply main y. Further, each of the movable arms of these switches has mechanically connected to it a second arm indicated respectively at 108, 109 and 110. Each of these arms is permanently connected to the current supply main 3 and .when the coil 103 is encr', gized the first of them is movable into engagement with a contact 111 connected to one end of the winding of the elcctro-magnetic valve 55. whose second end is connected to a conductor leading to one end of the solenoid winding of a second relay switch 112. The contacts 113and 114, which are. so mounted as to be capable of engagement by the arms 109 and of the switches 10?) and 107 respectively, are likewise connected to this same. conductor 115. The second end of the solenoid winding of the relay 112 is connected to the current supply main .1: and when this winding is dccnergizcd the. contact member carried by its core connects the. contact 116 and therefore the current supplv main m, with a second contact 117 and with the contact 119 of the solenoid switch 118, while when this coil is energized the movable contact connects the current supply main :1: with a contact 120, which in turn is connected to a contact 121 of said switch 118. This latter is provided with a movable contact artn 122 capable of en aging either of the contacts 119 and 121 and to it is connected one end of the winding 123 of the switch 118. whose second end is connected to the current, supply main As in the case of the other solenoid switches heretofore described, the movable arm 122 of the switch 118 is mechanically connected to a second arm 121 which in one position is capable. of engaging a contact 125 connected to one terminal of the motor 48, whose second terminal is directly connected with the current supply main Under o)crating conditions. if a suitable amount of anhydrous ammonia or other refrigerant be supplied to the high pressure side of the system so that it will tlow front the container 19, for example, into the pipe 39, after passing the expansion valve ()2, it will become vaporized in the well known manner within the coil 44, and lower the temperature in the compartment in which this is situated, passing through the valve 8 into the return pipe 42. When the temperature in this compartment falls to a predetermined poiat the fluid in the thermostat ($9 acts on this valve (35 to wholly or partly close the same so that further flow of gas is cut oil or diminished to such an extent that the temperature in the compartment is maintained at said low point as desired. Similarly, the anhydrous ammonia, after passing the expansion valve ()1 is vaporized m the cooler 43 and lowers the temperature of the brine in the pipe -16 to a point determined by the thermostat 101 as hereafter ex )lained.

The refri *erant also flows from the pi )e 39 through t re normally open valve. ()3 to the float chamber (3 1 and thence into the con-- tainer (55 and coil -15. from whence. the vapor generated passes through the valve (36 to the return )ipe,-12 which also receives the vapor from the cooling coil 43. As long as the temperature in the compartment cooled by the coils 4-1 and 45, as well as the temperaturetof. the brine in the pi we 46. is below a predetermined oint, the three tl10-l11'lOSttltS (37, and 101 iave theirmovable contacts in engagement with those fixed contacts. which in the present instance are connected to the switch contacts 91, 9t) and 100 respectively. \Vhen,however, the temperature in one of these compartments rises above the predetermined low point, the movable memer of its themostat,for example that indicated at 67, so moves as to connect the contact 93 oftheswitch 91 with the current supplymainag and as a result current flows from this main through the solenoid winding 92 to the supply main 3 causing the movable blade of said switch to move from the contact 93 to the contact 94. This open circuits said solenoid winding. and at the same time connects the ntact 88 through the swinging arnrof the switch, with the current supply main y. The current is then free to flow from the current supply main 0:, through the cutoti's 1-1 and 15. relay winding 81, magnet windings 66 and (til, and contact 88 to the supply main 1 with the result that the core of said winding is raised, thereby breaking the connection between the contacts 80 and 82 and con'ipleting it between the contacts 7 and 83. The current is then free to flow from the supply main .r between contacts 83 and T9, thence to contact T8, blade T6, solenoid winding and to the current supply main y. causing said blade to engage the contact TT. and the arm T4 to be swung into engagement with contact H. The current is then free to flow front the supply nmin .1: through the winding of the valve 31 to the motor 2, and thence through contact. 74 and blade H to the supply main I The motor and the pump 1 are therefore put in operation and ammonia vapor is drawn into the cylinder of said pump. where it is compressed and ultimately delivered in liquid form to the receiver It). From here it passes through the cooler 3b and thence through the pipe 39 and valve ()3 to the container 1 from which it passes into the coils -14"), where it cools the compartment in which said coils are mounted.

When the tetnperature of said compartment has been reduced by this action to a predetermined point, the movable member of the thermostat 7 engages the second fixed contact thereof thus again ener izing the solenoid winding 92. with the rcstiltthat the movable blades or switch arms controlled by said winding are returned to the positions shown in the drawing. The relay winding 81 is therefore open oircuited'and the falling of its core permits the movable contact carricd thereby toelectrically connect the contactsfii! and thus twain ener izing the solenoid winding 75. The movable blades T4 and T6 controlled by said winding are then likewise returned to their original positions, open circuiting the motor 2 and stopping the pump 1.

It is noted that the first operation of the solenoid 75 causes opening of the valve 32 which is mechanically connected to its blades so that coincident with the starting of the pump, water is permitted to flow through the supply pipe 17 to cool the gas in the pipe 18.

As long as water from the source thereof is delivered at the predetermined pressure necessary for the proper operation of my system, the device 33. is so 'actedon that the arms or i switch 3-l is kept closed, but if for any reason the water supply should fail, thisswitch will automatically open, thus cutting off the current supply throughout the entire system and causing it to automatically 'shut down. It; will be noted that the valve 31 has its actuating winding connected in series with the circuit of the motor 2 so that a cessation of the current flow in said mot-or circuit will cause closure of this valve and a stoppage of the circulation of water. The two valves 30 and 35 have their actuating windings connected in multiple with the motor circuit so that they will not interfere with the flow of water in the pipe 17 nor with the delivery of ammonia from the container 16 except upon opening of the switch 34: as above noted.

By reason of the fact that the valves (33 'and 66 are in the circuit which includes the relay winding 81, any opening of the switch governed by the latter will at once cause closure of these valves, so that liquid ammonia cannot be delivered to the container 64: nor can ammonia gas pass to the return pipe 42 except when this switch is closed. In case the pressure in the high pressure, side of the system should become excessive, the cutoff 14 is automatically actuated to open the circuit of the relay 81, and hence of the motor, while the cutoff 15 is designed to perform the same work in the event of the pressure of the low pressure side of the system falling beyond a predetermined point.

Obviously-the operation of the thermostat 70 in the compartment containing the coil 14 would cause operation of the motor and pump until the temperature of said compartment had been broughtdown to the predetermined low oint, whereupon the motor circuit won (1 be automatically opened by the action of the switch 90. By means also of the thermostat 101 the motor and pump may be automatically caused to start through the operation of the switch 89 and the relay 81, and in case the thermostats 67 and 70 should simultaneously operate to cause starting of the pump, the latter would remain in operation until the last one of said thermostats had returned to its original position, when as above described, the motor would be automatically caused to shut down.

As long as the temperature of any of the compartments containing the coils 50, 51, 52 and 53 is, above the predetermined point, the thermostat of said compartment would have its movable member in engagement with one of the fixed contactsland in the case ofthe thermostat 102 for example, current would be free to flow 'from the current supply mains totenergize the solenoid windingvof. the switch 103, whereupon current would flow from the main as through the switch 34, solenoid 112, winding of valve 55, contact 111, blade 108, and to the supply main 7 The consequent raising of the core of said solenoid then permits current to flow from the supply main m through the solenoid 123 to the supply main z so actuating the switch 118 that the motor 48 is put in operation and the circulating pump 47 is started. The cold brine in the pipe 46 is thus caused to circulate through the coil 51 to the exclusion of the coils in the other compartments since the valve 55 is the only one 0 en. Said circulation continues until such time as the thermostat 1012 again causes operation of the switch 103 with deenergization of the relay 112 and such an operation of the switch 118 as will shut down the motor -18.

In the case of the compartment having the coil 50 the switch 103 is caused to mechanically operate the valve 54, while in the case of the compartment having the coil 52, the thermostat 57 directly controls the valve 56 so that this is automatically opened when the temperature rises above a predetermined point, and closed when said temperature falls to the same or to another point In the case of the compartment havin the coil 53, the thermostat 60 automatically controls the escape of "as under pressure from the pipe 59 so that cold brine is admitted to the coil when the temperature of said com artment rises;-the motor 48 and pump 4 being controlled by the thermostat 106 as in the case previously described.

Under'operating conditions the trap 25 acts automatically to return to the crank case anv oil collected from the gas passing through the discharge pipe 5 so that said oil is not carried into and deposited within the other parts of the system. The trap 37 likewise automatically acts to prevent passage of gas from the condenser 16 and container 19 into cooler 38 or pipe 39, for as long as liquid is delivered to it, it is free to pass out to the cooler 38. If for any reason gas should flow into it, by means of a float valve (not shown), communication with the cooler 38 would be at once automatically cut off.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that provision is made for preventing waste of water when the pump 1 and motor 2 are shut down, since under this condition, both

valves

30 and 31 are closed by reason of the deenergization of their controlling magnet windings. It will be further noted that by my invention, the circulation of brine through the pipe 46 and the cooling coils connected therewith is automatically controlled by electric mechanism for its operation upon the temperature in the compartments containing said coils, the operation of the circulating pump being dependent upon the energization of a master 1 controller (I. c. the relay) whereby said pump is caused to operate as long as the tem )erature of any one of the compartments isa ove a predetermined point. Similarly a master controller governs the operation of the compressor 1, causing it to start or stop in accordance with the temperature conditions existing in anyone of a number of refrigerating compartments. Obviously the passage of ammonia from the container 19 is possible only while the motor 2 is in operation since under other conditions the coil of the valve is open circuited and said valve is closed.

In that form of my invention shown in Fig. 2 I have illustrated the various thermostats of the coim'mrtments containing coils 13, -11 and as connected in multiple with each other and directly in the circuit with the relay solenoid 81. so that the. operation of anv of said thermostats caused by the rise o temperature in these compartments above the predetermined point, causes euergization of said solenoid and a raising of its core. The contacts 70 and 83 are thereby connected and the motor 2 is started as previously described. Similarly, the raising of the temperature in any of the compartments containing the coils 50, 51 and 53 results in the operation of a. thermostat to close the circuit of the relay winding 112, the raising of whose core directly closes the circuit of the motor 48 driving the circulating pump -17. In this case the valve 5-! controlling the flow of cooling fluid through the coil 50 is designed to be mechanically operated by a movable member of the relay switch whose winding is illustrated at 112.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated my system as designed for operation in connection with a series of thermostats controlling the escape of,air under pressure from sultable pipe lines. In this case each of the compartments containin the

coils

43, 44 and 45 is rovidcd wit 1 a thermostat 130, which, w ten the temperature rises above the predetermined limit permits the escape of air from a conduit 131, receiving air from an air main 132 and connected to a cylinder 133 whose plunger carries a switch blade 134 on )able of connecting a pair of contacts135 an 136. These are connected in circuit with thejmotor 2 and the arrangement is such that the pressure in the conduit 131 normally holds the switch blade 134 out of cn'agementwith the contacts 135 and 136. 710R, however, anv of the thermostats 130 permits escape 0 ,air by reason of a rising of the temperature in its com vartments to a aredetermined point, said lado connects tiiese contacts'thercby permitting current to flow from the supply main :vthrough themotor, through the valve 30, cutoffs 15 and 14 to the supply ma'in'y. In'this ca'se,-the supply )ipe 17 for the cooling water has connected 111 it a valve 137 controlled by a centrifugal governor driven from the motor 2 and so arranged that operation of said motor causes thevalve to 01011 while its stoppage permits it to close. in addition this water su ply line includes a diaphragm controlled va ve 138 connected to be held closed as long asthe air within the conduit 131 remains under full pressure, though whencvcr the air pressure. falls in this conduit. this valve automatically opens. In this arrangement of my system. each of the compartments for the coils 51, 52 and 53 contains also a thermostat 139 which. when the temperature rises to a predetermined point permits escape of air from the conduit 110. thus allowing a plunger 141 to fall and cans ing the blat c of a switch 142 to complete the circuit of the motor 48, so that this latter will start the pump -17. (old brine is thus circulated through the compartmentcontaining said thermostat until its tempcrature is again lowered sutliciently to cause the thermostat to cut 011' further escape of air. whereupon the air pressure in the conduit 140 raises the blade of switch 142 and breaks the circuit of the motor 19. In the case of the compartment 15, there is provided a second thermostat 1-13 whose air pipe is connected to the gas controlling valve ea in such manner as to cause openin of said valve when the tem \erature rises a ove the allowable limit and to close it when it falls below the same. The same general arrangement is provided in the compartment containing the coil 4-1 except that the valve 71 is of a different construction. Each of the compartments containing the coils 51 and 53 likewise contains a thermostat 143 whose air pipe is so connected to the controlling va ve or 58, as the case may be. that the latter is opened to permit flow of brine. whenever the temperature rises above the allowable limit. In this case the coil 50 is shown as provided with a manually controlled valve 54.

In the system illustrated in Fig. 2 I have shown the diaphragm valve 28 as connected to a tube 29 containing a relatively volatile liquid, and having a heating coil in series with the motor 2. With such an arrungemcnt, whenever said motor is put into operation the heatin of the tube 29" by said coil causes vaporizing of the liquid and opening of the valve. with consequent flow of water to the condenser. The shutting down of the motor and consequent cooling of the coil permits the valve to close, thus stopping the water flow through the pipe 17.

It will benoted that with the above described combination of thermostats and automatic switch; the current flows only for an instant for the operation of the switch only opens-the circuit closed by the thermostat but so causestheengagement of two contacts included in the circuit that the latter willbe completed by said thermostat when its movable member. engages the second fixed contact. All the thermostat circuits therefore are normally open so that there is no waste of current.

By using such a device as thatindicated at 23,1 am enabled to gradually andcontinuously purify the ammonia withinthe system, for tlIO lXOt gas passing through the pipe 5.-licats: the;liquid which is maintained withinthis'device at a predetermined de )th, it being 'understood that such ..li ui is forcedthroughthe'pipe 26 and is ield at said level by a suitable .float; controlled valve. The vapor rising from'this heated liquid passes out into the pipe 4. and from thence is drawn to the inlet, of the coinpressor. while the non-volatile constituents of the. liquid entering the chamber 23 mav at suitable intervals be dischar ed through the pipe 27. 'Thus as long as t ie system is in use, all impurities in the sha ie of objectionable liquids are. successfully removed without loss of ammonia and without requiring any special attention on the part of t ie operator.

I claim 1. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a compressor; a condenser connected to receive compressed gas therefrom an expansion pipe connected to receive liquid refrigerant from the condenser and connected to deliver the expanded gas to the compressor; a brine containing system associated with said expansion pipe;.a plurality of compartments to be cooled by said brine system ,a temperature responsive device in each of said compartments; a brine circulating device; and means including a master con-, troller for-automatically starting the brine circulating device when the temperature in any compartment rises above a prcdetermined point.

2. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus ofa plurality of compartments to be cooled; a coil in each of'said compartments, a temperature responsive device in each of said compartments: a master controller connected to respond toany of said temperature controlled devices: and means governed by the master controller for ,automatically. causing refrigerant to be delivered to any of said coils when the temperature in the compartment containing the same rises above a predetermined point. j i

3. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a series of-compartments; refrigcrating coils respectively in said compartments; thermostats respectively in the compartments; switches controlled by said thermostats respectively; a master controller governed by said switches; and motor controlled means for governing the supply of refrigerant to the coil, the same lieing connected to be governed by said master switch.

4. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a com ircssor, a motor for driving thesame, a con enser connected to receive gascompressed thereby, a conduit for delivering water to the condenser, a system of pipes inwhich liquidrefrigerant is expanded to produce a low temperature, a valve for controlling the low of water to the condenser.-and temperature actuated means for controlling the operation of the compressor, the same. consisting of a thermostat, a switch controlled by said therxnostahand .means for connecting the movableelen ent of the switch to the valve for causing closing of the valve \vhen the compressor is idle and opening of the valve when the compressor is in operation.

The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a compressor, a condenser connected to receive gas compressed thereby, a conduit for delivering water to the condenser consisting of pipes in \vhichliquid refrigerant is expanded to produce a low temperature, a motor for driving said compressor, an automatic switch for controlling the motor. and a valve mechanically connected to the switch for controlling the flow of water in said conduit. v

(i. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a compressor, a condenser connected to receive gas compressed thereby, a system of pipes in which liquid refrigerant is expanded to produce a low temperature, a valve connected between said system and the condenser, a motor for driving the comprcssor, and an electro-magnetic device for operating said valve connected to automatically, open the same when the motor starts and to close the valve when the motor shuts down.

7. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a compressor, a motor for driving the same, a condenser for receiving the gas delivered from the compressor, a system of pipes in which liquid refrigerant is expanded-to produce a low temperature, a valve between the condenser and said system, an electro-magnetic device for actuating said valve, and a switch connected to control the delivervof current to the motor and to said valve controlling device.

8. The combination, in a refrigerating ap-- paratus of a brine cooling device; circulating pipes connected to said device; means for causing flow of brine through the system including a pump and an electric motor for drivingsame, with ,a controlling switch for ,said-hmotor; and a valve mechanically actuated by said switch for controlling the flow of brine in the system.

9. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus, of a brine cooling device, a system of conduits connected thereto and extending into a series'of compartments to be cooled, a pump for circulatinglnine in said system, a motor for driving said pump,'a relay switclrforcontrolling said motor, and a seriesof switches automatically responsive to variations of temperature in the several cgmpartments all 'connected so that any one o t switclrwith consequent startingof the motor.

10. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus'or a brinecooling device, a" systemofconduits connected thcreto'and extending-into a plurality of compartments to for distilling liquid delivered from the condenser.

12. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a compressor; a condenser; an expansion system connected between the intake of the compressor and said condenser; a pipe connecting the condenser with the outlet of 'the compressor; with a vessel heated by said pipe and connected' to de-' liver as generated by the heat from'said conduit to the intake of the compressor.

13. The combination in a refrigerating apparatus of a compressor; a condenser; an expansion system connecting said condenser with the intake of the compressor; a conduit connecting the outlet of the compressor to the condenser; a container heated by said conduit and connected to receive liquid from the condenser; 'a discharge pipe leading from the lower part of said container; and-a conduit for delivering gas from the'uppcr part of the'container to the intake of the compressor.

14. The combination in refrigerating apparatus of a source of refrigerating medium; a lurality of conduits connected thereto an extending into compartments to be cooled; a motor actuated device for causing circulation of the refrigerating medium iem maycause operation of the relay through said conduits; a thermostat for each compartment; and an elcctro-magnetic switch controlled by each thermostat; with a relay controlled by said switches and governing the operation of the motor of the circulating device.

15. The combination in refrigerating apparatus of a source of refrigerating medium; a plurality of conduits connected thereto and extending into compartments to be cooled; a motor actuated device for causing circulation of the refrigerating medium through-said conduits; a thermostat for each compartment; an electro-magnetic switch controlled by each thermostat; with a relay controlled by said switches and governing the operation of the. motor of the circulating device, said relay being connected to maintain the motor in operation until all of said switches are opens 16. The combination in refrigerating apparatus of a source of refrigerating medium; a pluralitv of conduits connected thereto and extending into compartments to be cooled; a motor actuated device for causing circulation of the refrigerating medium through said conduits; a thermostat for each compartment; an electro-1nagnetic switch controlled by each thermostat; a relay controlled by said switches and governing the operation of the motor of the circulating device; with an electro-magnetic valve connected in one of the conduits and having its winding in circuit with the wind ing of the relay.

17. The combination in u'refrigerating apparatus of a compressor; a motor for drlving'the same; a condenser'for receiving the gas delivered from the5compressor; a system of pipes in which liquid refrigerant is expanded toproduce a low temperature: a valve between the condenser and said system; an electro-magnetic device for actuating said valve; a switch connected to control the delivery of current to the motor and to said valve controlling device; a water supply conduit for the condenser; and a device controlled by water pressure in said conduit for governing the operation of said switch.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH F. WINKLER. Witnesses:

WILLIAM E. Buannnv, Jos. H. Kmux.

Oople: of this patent may be obtained for a" cents each. by addressing the Commissioner oi Patents.

- Washington. D. 0."