US1153794A - Mercury-vapor rectifier and the like. - Google Patents

Description

J. JONAS.

MERCURY VAPOR RECTIFIER AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED o cr. I. I914.

1,153,794. Patented Sept. 14, 1915 2 SHEETSSHEET l.

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l. JONAS. MERCURY VAPOR RECTIFIER AND THE LIKE.

' APPLICATION FILED OCT. 1. I914.

1,153,794. Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

- 2 $HEETSSHEET 2 WITNESSES, MJW,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS JONAS, or BADEN, SWITZERLAND, AssIGNoR'To AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT BROWN, IBOVERI & CIE.,0F BADEN, SWITZERLAND.

MERCURY-VAPOR RECTIFIER AND THE LIKE.

Specificationof Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

Application filed October 1,-1914. Serial No. 864,470.

Improvements in and Relating to Mercury Vapor Rectifiers and the like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the working of mercury vapor rectifiers and the like (it may be in parallel) by means of a common transformer. 7

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically a scheme of transformer winding such as is applicable to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram of connections between such a transformer and two mercury rectifiers, as exemplified by the prior art. Fig. '3 illustrates diagrammatically one way of carrying the present invention into effect by means "of a single phase transformer feeding two rectifiers. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the use of a single phasetransformer feeding three rectifiers'and abattery, and Fig. 5 a still further view showing a polyphase transformer feed ing three rectifiers.

It is a known thing to feed mercury vapor rectifiers which can work inparallel. on a common direct current system, from special secondary windings of a common transformer, but it is often found in that case that the output is not uniformly distributed over the several rectifiers. The reason of this phenomenon is explained with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 which show respectively the scheme of a transformer winding and a diagram of connections between such a trans former and two mercury rectifiers.

In Fig. 1 there is represented the common .single-phase transformer t, on the two cores I and II of which there are the primary windings m, a" and the two secondary Jwindin'g's b, b" and 0', c. 0; is well interlinked with b', and 0 and so is a" with b and 0". Interlinking of a with b" ando", and a with b and 0 is not so good because the coils are wound on different core members.

If the two rectifiers g and g, are connected up to the secondary windings of the transformer in the manner shown in Fig. 2, good working of these rectifiers is not possible. On the one hand the transformer will show a big voltage drop (owing to great leakage) and on the other hand the distribution of the output over the two rectifiers will be unequal if in their circuits differences in themselves unimportant exist. If in fact we take into account that at any moment, of the two anodes of each rectifier, only one is conducting current, it will be perceived that of the four windings b, b, c, c in each moment, only two are conducting current,

while the other two are without current. These windingsinterchange the part they play in each following half period of the alternating current. In F i g. 2 the windings Z), c, are conducting current and only well interlinked with a. As, however, the primary current of the transformer flows through a and a" in series a considerable stray flux will result owing to the bad inter-linking of the secondary windings b, c

with a, and will entail a considerable drop 'of voltage in the transformer.

On this scheme of connections furthermore, the secondary current may distribute itself quite differently over the windings b and c, because even slight differences in the rectifiers will destroy the symmetry of the parallel branches carrying current.

The object of the present invention is to provide for feeding mercury vapor rectifiers or the like from separate secondary windings of a common transformer (and .where necessary working in parallel) without the above disadvantages.

The invention consists 1n so connecting up the anodes to the secondary windings that those parts of the secondary windings which simultaneously carry current, are in their entirety uniformly distributed over the whole primary winding.

i It is to be understood that the windings of the scheme shown in Fig. 3 are disposed upon the core members in a manner similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1. These windings are connected as indicated .in the diagram in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 3 the windings I), b" on the one hand and 0', c on the other are connected up to the simultaneously working anodes of the two rectifiers g and 9 so that b and 6''- simultaneously carry current during'the one half period and c and 0" during the following half period. The windings b and b" are well interlinked with a and a as also are c and c with a and a", so that the transformer shows only a very small voltage drop. Further, owing to the good interlinkage, the current in b will stand in a [fixed ratio to that in b" determined by the by the ratio of the turns of these winding parts.

In Fig. 4; the primary windings a, a";

a are provided with secondary windings b, b", 6' and c, c", 0". Now 6 is connected with c, b" with'c', b' with c, toform the three secondary windings, b, c; b, 0" and b', 0. These connections between the several sections of the three secondaries noted are interlinked by a connecting wire which is conducted to one pole of a battery 8. Thefree end of b is connected with the anode e that of b" with 6 that of 6" with 6 and the free end of c with 6 that of 0 with. 6 and that of 0' with e The cathodes 7a,, 70 and k, are connected by a common conductor Z to the other poleof the battery. As will be perceived from the direction of the arrow which indicates the flow of current in one half period, the windings b, b"

and b' .are simultaneously traversed by current and in the other half period 0', 0"

all.

In Fig. 5, the three rectifiers g g and g, are provided with three pairs of terminals, each pair being connected with certain parts of the windings of one phase. Electrodes e e are joined to b, and e e, and e, are joined to b," and 0 e and e, are joined to b and 0 This completes the connections as regards one phase. As to another phase electrodes i 2', are joined respectively to 6 0 a, and a, to b. and 0 i and 2', to 6 and Q7 As to the third phase the electrodes 72,, 7),, are connected to b, and 0 29 nto 1)," and 0 and p and p, to 6 and 0 The secondary windings connected with the anodes of one rectifier are in star connection and the star points thus resulting are connectedswith each other and form the negative pole of the'direct current system, .the' positive pole of which is represented by the connecting conductor Z of the three cath- "ondary windings, superposed on a primary winding, a common connection between each secondary section and each cathode c1rcu1t and connections between each secondary section and an anode circuit whereby the active anodes are fed from secondary sections, energized throughout their length by a primary portion having the same axis of magnetization.

2. A system of rectification comprisinga polyphase transformer, rectifier elements provided with cathodes and anodes, corresponding in number with the polyphase supply, a plurality of sectionalized secondaries superposed on each primary phase of the transformer, common connections between each secondary section of each phase and the rectifier cathodes and connections between-the other ends of the secondary sections of each phase and the rectifier anodes, whereby each active anode is fed ,from a secondary section energized throughout its length bya primary portion having the same axis of magnetization.

In testimony whereof, have 'afiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CARL CULvsnN, WILLIAM W. JOHNSTON.

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