US1132377A - Flying-machine. - Google Patents

Description

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FLYING MACHINE APPLICATION I'ILBD MAY 7, 1909v mwv i THE NORRIS PETERS C0. PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Li MLHUNHU l lbb CHARLES HERBERT OGUMPAUGH, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 16, 1915.

Application filed May 7, 1909. Serial N 0. 494,682.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES HERBERT OCUMPAUGH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in flying machines of the aeroplane type, being particularly directed to a construction in which the various planes are constructed and arranged for accurate and ready control by the operator.

The main object of the present invention is the provision of a deflecting plane which is normally adapted to present equal resisting surfaces on opposite sides of the longitudinal medial line of the structure, the plane being so mounted as to permit the operator to increase or decrease the supporting surface of the deflecting planes on either side of the longitudinal medial line of the structure at will, whereby to accurately control the extent and direction of the deflection.

The invention in the preferred form of detail will be described in the following specification, reference being had particularly to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1, is a top plan view of my invention. Fig. 2, is a side elevation. Fig. 3, is a rear view. Fig. 4, is a detail perspective view of the deflecting plane. Fig. 5, is a detail perspective view of a slight modification. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of the rudders.

My improved flying machine comprises a main frame generally of skeleton form and including a rear section 1, and a forward section 2.

The rear section includes upper side bars 3, connected at their forward and rear ends by end bars 4, said bars being also connected intermediate their lengths by a cross bar 5. The lower section of the rear portion of the frame also includes side bars 6, connected at their front and rear ends by bars 7, duplicating the upper portion, except that the side bars 6, in rear of a cross bar 8, joining their central points are inclined upwardly as at 9. The upper and lower portions described are connected and maintained in relative position by uprights 10, whereby the rear portion of the main frame is of hollow box form having approximately uniform dimensions throughout.

The portions of the upper and lower sections included between the cross bars 4, and 5, and 7, and 8, and of the full width of each section are designed to provide frame structures for what I term upper and lower fixed planes 1.1, and 12. The planes are preferably of silk or the like secured on the frame structures, and the space included between the frame bars described may if desired be suitably reinforced by additional brace bars, as more clearly illustrated in Fig. 1. These planes form the only fixed planes of the flying machine, and are designed to act as sustaining planes under any and all conditions.

The forward section of the main frame is of gradually decreasing height from its connection with the rear section toward the forward end. The forward section includes upper side bars 13, of the full length of said section which bars at their forward ends are connected by a cross bar 14. The side bars 13, extend at a downward incline to the normal horizontal plane of the main frame, the extent of inclination being such that the forward cross bar 14, is on a plane but slightly above the plane of the bottom of the rear section of the plane. The lower side bars 15, of the forward portion of the main frame project for a portion of their length in approximate alinement with side bars 6, of the rear section, being then inclined slightly upwardly as at 16, and being secured at their forward ends to the cross bar 14.

The lower cross bars of the forward section are at the junction of the cross bars 15, and 16, thereof, connected by uprights 17, with the upper side bars 18, and said uprights 17 are centrally connected by a transversely arranged pivot bar 18.

On the pivot bar is mounted the soaring plane 19, also constructed of appropriate material preferably covering a suitable frame work. The soaring plane as shown in this instance has a length less than the width of the main plane and a width less than the distance between the pivot bar 18,

and the forward cross bar 14, being there- I 11, is What may be termed the deflecting plane 20. This plane comprises a frame work including a forward cross bar 21, side bars 22, and rear bars 23, the side bars being arranged in parallel relation and the rear bars inclining from the side bars in a rearward direction, meeting at a point on the medial line as clearly shown in Fig. 1. The frame of the deflecting plane includes a longitudinal brace bar 2%, which extends rearwardly beyond the meeting point of the rear bars 23, to provide for the connection for the operating means as will later appear. The deflecting plane is of a length slightly less than that of the sustaining planes and has its maximum width on the longitudinal central line. The deflecting plane is movably connected with the upper sustaining plane 11, by a pivot link 25, which at one end is pivotally connected to the central bar of the upper sustaining plane and at the opposite end is pivotally connected to the forward end of the central brace bar 24. The deflecting plane is thus movably connected with regard to the upper sustaining plane, and is moreover so mounted on the upper sustaining plane that when the deflecting plane is in normal position the main portion of its surface included within the side bars 22, is superimposed upon the sustaining plane 11, while that portion included between the rear bars 23, extends rearwardly beyond the rear ends of the sustaining planes.

Steering vanes or rudders 26, are connected to the rear bars of the rear section of the rear frame. These vanes which comprise suitable approximately rectangular yielding frames covered by air resisting material are connected at their forward edges by the upper and lower bars of the rear section of the rear frame, the upper edges of each vane being preferably in alinement with the upper portion of the rear frame, while the lower edge of the vane extends below the lower rear bars of the section. The upper.

ends of the rudders are connected to and slide on the main frame by means of the sliding sleeves 26, while the lower portions of said rudders are connected to the lower portion of the main frame by means of universal joints 26 By this construction each rudder can rock universally at its lower portion, while its upper end slides laterally in either direction, these movements permitting of a flexing action.

To utilize the rudder vanes as additional supporting surfaces the upper connection of each bar has asliding movement relative to the main frame, as at 26, Fig. 1, whereby to bodily move the upper portions of the vanes at right angles to the line of flight when desired. The two rudder vanes are connected by av rigid bar 26 A suitable motor 27, of appropriate type is supported upon the lower sustaining plane and through appropriate gearing is adapted to drive a propeller 28 operative in the rear of the sustaining plane, or more properly speaking beneath the projecting portion of the deflecting plane.

The rear or free end of the brace bar 24, is in hook form, as at 24: said hook being designed to limit the swing of the deflecting plane, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, of the drawings. The deflecting plane is operated through the medium of cables 29, and 30, which at a point intermediate their ends are connected to the respective ends of the cross bar 21, and, passing forward from such connection over appropriately mounted pulleys, are connected at their forward ends to an operating lever 31. By manipulation of such lever the deflecting plane may be turned in either direction at will.

By means of the cables the deflecting plane may be manipulated to increase or decrease that portion extending rearwardly beyond the upper sustaining plane on one side of the longitudinal medial line of the machine, thereby varying the normal area of said plane subjected to the atmosphere. By this means the lateral dip or deflection of the flying machine can be readily controlled, as in the event of a tipping to one side, the machine may be readily righted by increasing the exposed area of a deflecting plane on that side and simultaneously decreasing it on the other.

The side bars of the soaring plane 19 are extended rearwardly beyond the pivot bar 18, and are connected by cables 32, and 38, leading upwardly and downwardly and over suitably mounted pulleys toward the rear of the machine, the upper cables being finally connected into a single cable 34, and the lower cable similarly connected into a single cable 35. These cables lead to a suitable control element 36, by means of which the operator may readily tilt the soaring plane on its pivot into an upward or downward inclination, thereby controlling the plane of travel of the flying machine at will.

The cables 29 and 30 extend rearwardly from the deflecting plane and are terminally connected to the respective steering vanes or rudders as at 37, and said rudders are also connected for simultaneous and similar movement by the tie bar 26 The connection of the deflecting plane and rudders to the same operating cables is important in that the rudders are thus deflected toward that side of the longitudinal medial line of the flying machine on which the least surface of the deflecting plane is exposed beyondthe rear edge of the upper fixed plane.

It is of course to be understood that, if desired, and as contemplated in this invention, the rudders and deflecting plane may be separately operated by independent cables whereby to separately control these parts as may under some circumstances be preferable.

As an important feature of the present invention it is to be noted that the deflecting plane offers no resistance to the forward movement of the machine and is useful in presenting an adjust-able supporting surface auxiliary to the fixed planes. The deflecting plane operates at all times in the plane of flight and offers no resistance to travels in such plane.

The machine described has therefore several types of control: the soaring plane, the deflecting plane, and the rudders. These elements may be utilized to effect the rise and fall of the machine at the pleasure of the operator. By virtue of the universal connections the swinging movement of the vanes is not interfered with when said vanes are operated to slide the upper ends thereof on the sliding bearings described. The effective operation of the rudder vanes induces a flexing movement thereby forming an air resisting surface in the direction of the line of flight.

In Fig. 5, I have illustrated a modified form of soaring plane. This plane comprises a frame composed of side bars 41, connected at their front ends by a horizontal bar A, and intermediate strut bars 42, interposed between the respective bars forming the sides. This frame is V-shaped in side elevation and is covered on its top and bottom by suitable plane material. Two soaring plane surfaces 43, 44, are thus provided, having a relatively inclined fixed disposition.

The structure as a whole is pivotally mounted on the pivot bar 18 (when the modified form is used) and operating cables, control its movement. Neither of the planes 43, 44, are normally parallel with the line of flight, and if the operator desires to rise, the frame is operated to arrange the upper plane 43, substantially parallel with the line of flight, giving a greater than normal inclination to the lower plane 44 to the line of flight causing it to form an inclined air resisting surface, and hence forcing the machine to' rise. A reversal of this operation brings the upper plane into play and forces the machine downward.

While I have described and illustrated the preferred embodiment of details of structure, it is to be understood that I do not limit myself thereto, and that I consider as within the spirit of the present invention all such changes of structure modifications and variations of details as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention what I claim as new is 1. In an aeroplane, a main supporting plane, a secondary plane linked thereto and extending across the medial line of the aeroplane, said secondary plane being substantially as wide as the supporting plane, and means to vary the angle of the secondary plane whereby to increase the projection of the secondary plane over one lateral portion of the rear edge of the supporting plane, said means being further arranged to cause the opposite lateral forward portion of the secondary plane to swing forwardly 2. In an aeroplane, a supporting plane, a secondary plane attached to said supporting plane and extending across the medial line thereof, and means to vary the projection of one lateral portion of the rear edge of the secondary plane over a lateral portion of the rear edge of the supporting planes, said means being further arranged to cause the opposite lateral forward portion of the secondary plane to swing forwardly.

3. In an aeroplane, a main supporting plane, a secondary plane linked thereto and controlling means for the secondary plane arranged to further project one lateral portion of the rear edge of the secondary plane over a lateral portion of the rear edge of the supporting plane and simultaneously shift the secondary plane about its linked connection, said means being further arranged to cause the opposite lateral forward portion of the secondary plane to swing forwardly.

4. A flying machine comprising a supporting plane, a plane centrally pivoted to and swinging over the supporting plane, said pivoted plane lying across the medial line of the supporting plane, and means for operating the pivoted plane to cause same to move angularly in line with the movement of the machine and thereby vary the projection of one lateral edge of said secondary plane over a lateral edge of the supporting plane.

5. A flying machine comprising a supporting plane and a swinging plane, the planes being located one over the other and each lying across the medial line of the machine, means for centrally pivoting the swinging plane, and means for operating the swinging plane horizontally to vary the supporting area of the machine simultaneously to the rear and in front of the supporting plane.

6. A flying machine comprising a sup porting plane composed of horizontal relatively movable planes, one located over the other, and means for operating one of said horizontal planes to vary the respective supporting areas of the supporting plane as a whole on opposing sides of the longitudinal medial line thereof.

7. A flying machine comprising a supporting plane made up of relatively movable horizontal planes one located over the other, and means for operating one of said horizontal planes to move a part thereof to one side or the other of .the longitudinal median line of the other horizontal plane, whereby to vary the area of the supporting plane as a whole on opposing sides of the longitudinal medial line thereof.

8. In a heavier than air flying machine an approximately flat aeroplane comprising therein two connected horizontal planes one located over the other, the two horizontal planes normally presenting air resisting surfaces extending equally on each side of the fore and aft axis of the machine, and means for causing a laterally relative movement in parallel planes between the two horizontal planes, whereby to Vary the area of the supporting plane as a whole on opposing sides of the longitudinal medial line thereof.

9. In a flying machine an approximately flat aeroplane comprising therein two connected horizontal planes, the two horizontal planes normally presenting air resisting surfaces extending equally on each side of the fore and aft axis of the machine, means for causing a relative movement between the two horizontal planes and thus increasing the area of the air resisting surface on one side of the fore and aft axis of the machine, a rudder, means for slidably mounting the rudder at one point, means for universally mounting the rudder at another point, and means for operating the rudder.

10. In a flying machine an approximately flat aeroplane comprising two connected horizontal planes, the two horizontal planes normally presenting air resisting surfaces extending equally on each side of the fore and aft axis of the machine, and means for causing a relative movement between the two horizontal planes and thus decreasing the area of the air resisting surface on one side of the fore and aft axis of the machine.

11. A flying machine comprising planes, one located over the other, means for varying the normal supporting area of the planes, a flexible rudder, means for mounting the rudder to permit it to slide at one point and to swing at another point, and means for operating the rudder.

12. In a flying machine, the combination with an aeroplane of a flexible vertical rudder, and means for bodily laterally moving said flexible rudder near one end and simultaneously dishing the same throughout the entire surface with respect to its normal position.

13. In a flying machine, a main plane, an auxiliary plane, a rudder support, a vertical rudder, means for mounting the vertical rudder on the rudder support including a sliding connection and a pivotal connection, and connections between the auxiliary plane and the vertical rudder, and means for operating the connections whereby the auxiliary plane is moved toward one side of the machine to vary its supporting surface and the rudder is simultaneously bodily moved at one end toward the opposite side of the machine.

14. In a flying machine, a plane, a rudder support, a vertical rudder, slidable means near one end of the rudder for mounting said rudder on its support, mews spaced from the slidable means for forming a universal support for the rudder, and means for operating the rudder to cause same to slide near one end and simultaneously dish same.

15. In a flying machine, a plane, a rudder support, a vertical rudder, means connecting the rudder to the support including a pivotal connection and a slide, and means for operating the rudder to slide and twist one end.

16. In a flying machine, an aeroplane having two horiozntal planes one located over the other and connected by a movable link, and means for causing a relative lateral movement between the two planes.

17 In a flying machine, a normally vertical rudder, means for mounting the rudder whereby one end may be bodily moved laterally in one direction and its other end moved in an opposite direction but a less distance than the first mentioned end to dish said rudder, and means for operating the rudder.

18. In a flying machine a normally vertical rudder, controlling means for moving the entire upper portion of the rudder lat-. erally, said means imparting diflerent degrees of movement to the two ends of the rudder, whereby one of the ends of the rudder becomes a supporting surface.

19. In a flying machine, a frame therefor, a plane attached to the frame, two normally approximately vertical rudders, slidable connections between the rudders and the frame, other means for mounting the rudders to the frame, said latter means being spaced from the slidable connections, and means for operating the rudders to slide same near their ends and to flex same.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES HERBERT OGUMPAUGH.

W'itnesses L. A. VVOEHRLEN, H. B. BRINK.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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