US1118275A - Process of and apparatus for rolling iron rods. - Google Patents

Description

H. FRASGH, DBCD.

B. YRASGH & I, P, WHITON, EXBGUTRICES.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ROLLING IRON RODS.

APPLICATION FlLBD JUNE 11, 1897.

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H. FRASCH, DEO'D. B, PRASOH 6; I. I. WHITON, EXEGUTRIGES. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ROLLING IRON RODS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNB1l,l897- 1,1 18,275. Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

4 166 4262i J2 2 67! for.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HERMAN FRASCH, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO; ELIZABETH FRASCH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

AND FR-IEDA F. WHITON, 0F HEMPSTEAID, NEW YORK, EXECUTRICES OF SAID HEB- MAN FBASCH. DECEASED.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ROLLING IRON RODS.

Application filed June 11, 1897.

To all ic/wm it may concern lle it known that I, I'IERHAN FRASCII, a citizen of the United States, residing at (.leveland. in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of and Apparatus for Rolling Iron Rods: and I do hereby declare the following to be a full. clear. and exact description of the invention.

This invention relates more particularly to the prevention of scale in rolling red hot iron or steel. as in making rods from billets; but solne'of the improvements may admit. of other applications; and each of them is intended to be secured for all the uses to which it may be adapted.

ln rolling iron rods. the hot billet is run through rolls, for reducing it in diameter aiid elongating it. so as to form a rod of the desired diameter; and as ordinarily conducted, the rod in process of formation is so exposed to air and water (in a liquid state or as vapor) as to become coated with a scale. which has to be removed by the aid of acid. This s ale formation not only increases the work to he done on the rod; but it results in a considerable loss of iron or steel originally in the billet.

In accordance with the present invention the highly heated metal during the rolling operation. is kept dry (ordinarily it comes in contact with the water which is poured over the rolls to cool them); and the metal particles as they are brought to the surface in the successive reductions and consequent clougations or spreadings of the billet or partly formed rod, as well as during the intervals between the reducing operations, are protected by inclosure in a non-oxidating atmosphere. When the rolling is finished the rod or other metal article is still at too high a temperature to bear exposure, either to air or water. without undergoing surface oxidation; it is, therefore, according to the present invention, cooled in a non-oxidating medium.

To carry out this process use is made of a continuous rolling mill, that is to say of a rolling mill which is composed of one or more trains of rolls with means for mechanically conducting the rod (or other article) from pass to pass. so that personal handling by workmen is not required. In such a con- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

Serial No. 840,366.

tinuous mill, the passes (or more advantageously the entire grooves including the passes), as well as the spaces from each pass to the next, are inclosed in a chamber which is filled with an atmosphere free from uncomhined oxygen and from such oxygen com iounds as. like water, are decomposed by red hot iron.

To avoid drenching the rolls with water. these are made hollow and a e provided with an interior water circulation or with other means for keeping them cool from the inside.

For cooling the rolled article without surface oxidation an non-oxidizing cooler is is provided which may be a. bath of nonoxidizing liquid such as oil, or a chamber which is cooled by a circulation of water or by other cooling medium in its walls or in closed pipes therein, or a chamber filled with a cold non-oxidizing atmosphere, or the like.

To keep the air from entering the protecting chamber of the contlnuous mill while avoiding waste, the non-oxidizing atmosphere thereof is put under a pressure which almost exactly balances, preferably being very slightly over rather than under, the outside atmospheric pressure. This can be effected by connecting with the protecting chamber a reservoir of the n0n0xidizing gas, and providing means for supplying the gas to the said chamber as the pressure begins to fall below that of the outside atmosphere.

In carrying out the foregoing improvements any suitable gas or gases may be used to form the atmosphere enveloping the hot iron in process of rolling and cooling, provided of course such gas or gases are sufficiently free from uncomhined oxygen and decomposable oxygen compounds to produce an industrial result. There are, however, special advantages in usin combustion gases from a coke or other suitable fire, because said gases are not combustible and can be readily and cheaply produced in unlimited quantities.

Combustion gases, when produced simply by passage of air through a coke fire. are apt to contain uncomhined oxygen; and while the percentage of this may not be sufficient to prevent an industrial result, it is sufficient to make desirable a more perfect freedom from uncomhined oxygen. To eflect its more complete removal, a combustible gas or vapor such as hydrogen or a volatilized hydrocarbon is mingled with the air, as for example by carbureting the latter, on its way to the gas-producer.

As the result of the reaction in the coke, the oxygen of the air is combined, in part directly with the carbon of the incandescent coke or of the hydrocarbon, in part indirectly with carbon by first uniting (it is believed) with the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon to form water which is then decomposed, thereby giving uncombined hydroen. At any rate, the result of the reaction is a mixture of nitrogen, carbonic oxid and dioxid and uncombined hydrogen, with practically no oxygen or water. The pres ence of the unconibined hydrogen in this atmosphere tends to counteract the oxidation of the iron of the rod or billet; and with this object it might be introduced into the gases from the producer as well as into the air on its way thereto.

It is evident that a non-oxidizing atmosphere, from combustion gases prepared as described, could be used to protect hot metal not only in reduction by rolling but in other relations. The invention extends to their preparation for and use in forming a protecting atmosphere for hot metal while being rolled and in other relations. The use of a non-oxidizing atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen with a smaller proportion of carbonic oxid and dioxid (either or both) and uncombined hydrogen, is also included in the invention. Some steam could be passed with the air through the incandescent coke.

The percentage of water vapor in combustion gases would (as said before) be insignificant; but, for further assurance, or where the gases contain moisture as the result of a cleansing operation or otherwise, they may be dried by passage through or over sulfuric acid or calcium chlorid or other dehydrating agent before admission to the chamber surrounding the reducing rolls.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, Figure l is a diagram in plan view, partly in section, showing anti-scale rod-rolling apparatus in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram of the apparatus for generating the non-oxidizing atmosphere, partly in section on line i 2' of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is :1 diagram of the rolling mill in section on line i z' i of Fig. 1, Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are partial views illustrating somewhat different arrangements, also within the invention, and Fig. 7 is a detail view illustratin in longitudinal section a portion of one o the internally cooled rolls.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3 there are two trains of rolls A and B respectively, with tubular rod guides A or B between adjacent pairs of rolls of the same train and a platform guide A between the trains. The rolls as shown are driven at accelerated speed; and the platform A also accommodates the overfeed of the rod by allowing it to form a loop of greater or less length on said platform. For driving the rolls bevel gears 2, shafts 3 underlying the rolls, and spur gears 4 are shown, but any suitable gearing may be used. It is also to be observed that what has been thus far described is simply by way of illustrating a continuous rolling mill, that such mill has of itself no essential novelty and that it may (within the limits of the invention) be replaced by other known or suitable forms of continuous mill or by other like apparatus. The rolls A B are hollow and are provided with means for cooling them internally, which means may be of any suitable description, but are shown as being composed of a cold water pipe C with branches C leading well into the rolls, (see Fig. 7) and a return pipe D with branches D leading from the ends of the cavities, the branches passing through suitable stuffing boxes E.

Inclosing the trains of rolls A Dare walls F forming a chamber sufiiciently gas-tight to confine a non-oxidizing atmosphere therein. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5 this chamber is formed by walls F in conjunction with the walls of guides A between the rolls A and the housings A* of said rolls. Of course the housings of the rolls could be used as a part of the walls of the inclosing chamber independently of the walls of the rod guides and conversely the walls of said guides might form part of the Walls of a. protecting chamber in conjunction with other walls which might be independent of the roll housings.

In Figs. 4 and 5 the gears for the rolls, as also the water-pipes U D and the stufling boxes E, are outside of the protecting chamber; and this arrangement has advantages irrespective of the use of the roll housings and rod guides (either or both) as part of the chamber walls. In Figs. 4 and 5 also the protecting chamber is contracted between adjacent pairs of rolls; thereby saving space both inside and outside, and allowing readier access to the rod. Such a contraction could be made Without utilizing the roll housings or the walls of the rod guides as a portion of the chamber walls.

In all the forms the protecting chamber incloses the grooves, including the passes, of the rolls, as well as the spaces (occupied by the rod guides A A." B) from one pass to the next.

As the rod leaves the last roll of the mill, it is still so hot that it would be oxidized by contact with air or water. To cool it without oxidation, it is received by a holder G (shown as a long pipe) surrounded b a jacket ll to which water or other cooling medium is supplied by means of branches H of the mains C D or from other suitable source; or as shown in Fig. 6, it may (without coming in contact with air) be immersed in a bath H of oil. As shown in this figure there is a guide pipe leading from chamber F down below the level of the coil, and there are guide rollers 5 under the oil. The oil bath or the cooling jacket could be placed within the chamber F instead of outside of it.

The gas-producing apparatus shown at the top of Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2 is for supplying a nonoxidizing atmosphere to the chamber F. It consists of an air blower or fan K which delivers air to the combustion chamber of an air-gas-producer K a portion being diverted on its way through the carbureting vessel K which contains petroleum naphtha or other suitable hydrocarbon. The combustion gases then pass through a purifying apparatus of any suitable description. such for example as a condenser L and scrubber L of the kind com mon in gas works to the gas holder M. From this a pipe 6 conducts it into the chamber F. All the air might be passed through the carburcter K" (which may be of any suitable construction) but it is preferred to carburet only to a slight extent. By closing the valve 7 in the by-pass around the carbureter. more or less, a greater or less proportion of the air will be forced through the carburcter.

The operation is as follows :The red hot billet is introduced through the end wall of the protecting chamber to the pass between the first pair of reducing rolls A and thence it goes successively from pass to pass. being guided mechanically by the rod guiders A A" B. As the rolls A B are cooled internally, the metal remains dry during its passage through the mill. At each reduction the metal is spread laterally or longitudinally or both. so that new surfaces of metal are thereby exposed to the atmosphere in the chamber F. To prevent the formation of scale at this time as well as in the intervals between reductions, while the rod is traveling through the guides A A" B from each pair of rolls to the next. the enveloping atmosphere is made of a non-oxidizing character.

Such an atmosphere is furnished by the air-gas from the producer K, the air which is supplied by the fan K, after said air has been mingled With hydrocarbon vapor by passing a portion thereof through the carbureter K", being brought in contact With incandescent carbon in the said producer K. Thus a non-oxidizing gas mixture is ob tained consisting mainly of nitrogen with smaller proportions oi carbonic oxid and dioxid and of hydrogen. This mixture after leaving the condenser l and scrubber L is delivered to the gasometer M to be taken thence as required to the protecting chamber F.

In order to prevent air from entering this chamber F. the gas therein is subjected to pressure. by suitably loading or counterbalancing the bell of the gas holder M, so that the barometric pressure within the chamber balances or very slightly overbalances that of the atmosphere outside of said chamber.

The rod from the last roll B, is cooled to a non-oxidizing temperature while still kept out of contact with uncombined oxygen and decomposable oxygen compounds, such as water. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3. the cooling would be effected by the water circulating in the jacket H of the pipe G (Whose interior is occupied by a non-oxidizing atmophere). As shown in Fig. 6, it is cooled by direct immersion in a bath of a non-oxidizing liquid, such as oil.

In consequence of an official requirement to divide the application for the present patent. a divisional application has been filed. to wit. on September 28, 1914-, No. 863,969. for the herein above disclosed improvements in the manufacture of gases and gaseous atmospheres of non-oxidizing character.

I claim as my invention or discovery:

1. The improvement in hot-rolling iron or steel consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations, and protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by an atmosphere free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen compounds which are decomposable like water by highly heated iron or steel. the protection by said atmosphere being continued as well during the intervals between reductions as While the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations. substantially as described.

2. The improvement in hotrolling iron or steel. consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to suecessive reducing operations. protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by an atmosphere free from uncombined oxygen and from oxvgen compounds which are decomposable like water by highly heated iron or steel. and cooling the reduced metal under the protection of a non-oxidating medium. the iron or steel being protected by the aforesaid atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reduc' ing operations. substantially as described. 3. The improvement in hot-rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations, and protectin the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces y a non-combustible atmosphere free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen comounds which are decomposable like water y highly heated iron or steel, the protection by said atmosphere being continued as well during the intervals between reductions as' while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

4. The improvement in protecting hot metal from oxidation, consisting in enveloping the same in a non-oxidizing atmosphere having the composition and properties of the gaseous products from passingair mingled with a combustible hydrogen-containing gas or vapor in contact with incandescent carbon, substantially as described.

5. The improvement in protecting hot metal from oxidation, consisting in envelop ing the same in a non-oxidizing atmosphere having the composition and properties of the gaseous products from passing air mingled with hydrocarbon vapor in contact with incandescent carbon, substantially as described.

6. The improvement in hot rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations, and by means of a non-oxidizing atmosphere having the composition and properties of the gaseous products from passing air mingled with a combustible hydrogen-containing gas or vapor in contact with incandescent carbon, protecting the metal surfaces as they are freshly ex posed by the said reducing operations and during the intervals between reductions, substantially as described.

7. The improvement in hot rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to suecessive reducing operations, and by means of a non-oxidizing atmosphere having the composition and properties of the gaseous products from passing air mingled with hydrocarbon vapor in contact with incandes rent carbon, protecting the metal surfaces as they are freshly exposed by the said reducing operations and during the intervals be tween reductions. substantially as described.

The improvement in hot rolling iron or steel. consisting in subjecting the same highly heated in a dry state to successive reducing operations. and by means of a nonoxidizing atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen with smaller proportions of carbonic oxid and dioxid and unconibined hydrogen protecting the metal surfaces as they are freshly exposed by the said reducing operations and during the intervals between reductions, substantially as described.

9. The improvement in protecting hot metal from oxidation, consisting in developing the same in a non-oxidizing atmosphere composed mainly of nitrogen with smaller proportions of carbonic oxid and dioxid and uncoinbined hydrogen, substantially as described.

10. The improvement in hot-rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations, and protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by an atmosphere of air from which with the aid of carbon free oxygen has been eliminated, substantially as described.

11. The improvement in hot rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations, and protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by an atmosphere ofair from which free oxygen has been eliminated, the last portions of free oxygen having been eliminated by admixture of a small proportion of combustible gas or Vapor and exposure of the mixture to an elevated temperature, substantially as described.

12. The improvement in hot-rolling iron or steel consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations by surfaces cooled artificially by conduction from an inclosed cooling medium, and protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by an atmosphere free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen compounds which are decomposable like water by highly heated iron or steel, the protection by said atmosphere being continued as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

13. The improvement in hot-rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to successive reducing operations by surfaces cooled artificially by conduction from an inclosed cooling medium, and protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by a non-combustible atmosphere free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen compounds which are decomposable like water by highly heated iron or steel, the protection by said atmosphere being continued as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations. substantially as described.

1i. The improvement in hot rolling iron or steel. consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to suecessive reducing operations, protecting the iron or steel in process of reduction by a medium less oxidating than the ordinary air of rolling mills, and cooling the rolled iron or steel under the protection of such a medium by means of coolin fluid inclosed within heat conducting wal s, substantlally as described.

15. The improvement in hot rolling iron or steel, consisting in subjecting the highly heated iron or steel in a dry state to suecessive reducing o erations, and protecting the freshly expose iron or steel surfaces by a non-combustible atmosphere of air from which free oxygen has been eliminated b the aid of carbon, substantially as describe 16. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means whereby the highl heated iron or steel can be subjected in a ry state to successive reducin operations, as supplying means where y aeriform uid free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen com ounds which are decomposable like water liy highly heated iron or steel can be supplied in appro riate volume to form a protecting atmosp ere within the apparatus, and as retaining means whereby such aeriform uid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned bein combined and arranged for protecting t e iron or steel by said atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

17. A paratus for hot rolling iron or steel, com ris ng metal rolling means whereby the big heated iron or steel can be subjected in a ry state to successive reducing o erations, gas supplying means whereby aeri orm fluid tree from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen compounck which are decomposab e like water by highly heated iron or steel can be supplied in appropriate volume to form aprotecting atmosphere within the a aratus, gas retaining means whereby sue aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, and metal cooling means whereby the reduced metal can be cooled under protection of a non-oxidizing medium, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting the iron or steel by said atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoinglthe reducing operations, and also during t a subsequent cooling, substantially as described.

18! Apparatus for hot rolling HOll or steel, comprisin metal rolling means whereby the eated iron or can be subjected in a dry state to success1ve h educing operations, gas supplying means ereby non-co 'ble aeriform flmdpfree from unconibined oxy en and from oxygen com oundswhichare ecomposable likel'water By highly heated iron or steel can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus,

and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and ar ranged for protecting the iron or steel by said atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

19. Apparatus for protecting hot metal from oxidation, comprising metal holding means whereby thehot metal can be supported, gas supplying means whereby aeriform fluid having the composition an properties of the gaseous products from assing air mingled with a combustible hy rogencontaining gas or vapor in contact with incandescent carbon can be supplied in appropriate -volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the a paratus, and gas retaining means wherdby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with hot metal, said means of the several kinds mentioned being ing the hot metal in said protecting atmos: phere, substantiall as described.

20. Apparatus or protecting hot metal from oxidation, comprising metal holding means whereby the hot metal can be sup ported, gas supplying means whereby aeriform fluid having the COIIPOSitlOD an properties of the gaseous pro note from passing air mingled with hydrocarbon vapor in contact with incandescent carbon can be sup plied in appropriate volume to form a prohere within the apparatus,

tecting atmosp and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with hot metal, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for enveloping the hot metal in protecting atmosphere, substantially as described. 7

21. Apparatus for hot iron or comlprismg metal rolling means whereby the hig heated iron or steel canbg siibjeeted in a ry state to successive redu operations, gas sup lying means .wh aeriform fluid having the COHIIiPOSitiOH an properties of the gaseous pro nets assing. air mingled with a combustible containing gas or vapor in contact withincandescent carbon can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting. atmpsphere within the apparatus, and' gas retainmg means whereby such as arm lipid can be retained in contact wit the! iron or steel, said means of the several lnndsmentioned be' combined and arranged'for rotectin the 11'01'1: or steel by said atmosp era as we duringthe intervals between reductions as while the iron 'or steel the reducing operations, substantially as de- 22. Apparatus for hot rollingf ifoitor comprising metal rolling means whereby the highl heated iron or steel can be subjected in a ry state to successive reducing operations, gas supplying means whereby aeriform fluid having the composition and properties of the gaseous products from passing air mingled with hydrocarbon vapor in contact with incandescent carbon can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a pro tecting atmosphere within the apparatus, and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting the iron or steel by said atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantiall as described.

23. Apparatus or hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means whereby the highl heated iron or steel can be subjected in a ry state to successive reducing operations, as supplying means whereby aeriform uid consisting mainly of nltrogen 'with smaller proportions of carbonic oxid and dioxid and uncombined hydrogen can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arran ed for protecting the iron or steel by sai atmosphere as well during the inter vals' between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

24'. Apparatus for protecting hot metal from oxidation, comprising metal holding means whereby the hot metal can be supported, gas supplying means whereby aeriform fluid consistlng mainly of nitrogen with smaller roportions of carbonic oxid and di oxid and uncoinbined h drogen can be supplied in appropriate v0 ume to form a protecting atmosp ere within the apparatus, and

as retaining means whereby such aeriform duid can be retained in contact with hot metal said means of the several kinds mentione "bein combined and arranged for enveloping t e hot metal in said rotecting atmosphere, substantially as described.

25.v Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprisin metal rolling means whereby the h1ghly eated iron or steel can be subjected in a dry state to successive reducing operations, gas supplyin means whereby airfrom whic with the a1 of carbon free oxygen has been eliminated can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus, and gas r tainmg means, whereby such aeriform iiid canbe retained in contact with the iron or steel, daid means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by said atmosphere, substantially as described.

26. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means whereby the highly heated iron or steel can be subjected in a dry state to successive reducing operations, gas su plying means whereby air from which ree oxygen has been eliminated can be supplied in appropriate volume to form at protecting atmosphere within the apparatus, the last portions of free oxygen being eliminated by admixture of a small proportion of combustible gas or vapor and exposure of the mixture to an elevated temperature, and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned bein combined and arranged for protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces b said atmosphere, substantially as describe 27. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means which include reducing rolls with surfaces cooled artificially by conduction from an inclosed cooling medium, gas supplying means whereby aeriform fluid free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen compounds which are decomposable like water by highly heated iron or steel can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus, and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting the iron or steel by said atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

28. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means which include reducing rolls with surfaces cooled artificially by conduction from an inclosed cooling medium, gas supplying means whereby non-combustible aeriform fluid free from uncombined oxygen and from oxygen compounds which are decomposable like water by highly heated iron or steel can be supplied 1n appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus, and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned bein combined and arranged for protectingt eiron or steel by said atmosphere as well during the intervals between reductions as while the iron or steel is undergoing the reducing operations, substantially as described.

29. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means Whereby the highly heated iron or steel can be subjected in a dry state to successive reduc ing operations, gas supplying means whereby aeriform fluid less oxidizing than the ordinary air of rolling mills can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus, cooling means whereby the rolled iron or steel can be cooled under protection of a non-oxidizing medium. and gas retaining means Whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting by said atmosphere the iron or steel in process of reduction and also the rolled iron or steel during the subsequent cooling, substantially as described.

30. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means Where by the highly heated iron or steel can be subjected in a dry state to successive reducing operations, gas supplying means whereby non-combustible aeriform fluid consisting of air from which free oxygen has been eliminated by the aid of carbon can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere within the apparatus, and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting the freshly exposed a iron or steel surfaces by said atmosphere, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiix my sign ture, in presence of two Witnesses.

HERMAN FRASCH.

\Vitnesses:

T. W. LOTHMAN, J. C. UPDEGROVE.

29. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means whereby the highly heated iron or steel can be subjected in a dry state to successive reducing operations, gas supplying means Whereby aeriform fluid less oxidizing than the ordinary air of rolling mills can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere Within the apparatus, cooling means whereby the rolled iron or steel can be cooled under protection of a non oxidizing medium, and gas retaining means Whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting by said atmosphere the iron or steel in process of reduction and also the rolled iron or steel during the subsequent cooling, substantially as described.

30. Apparatus for hot rolling iron or steel, comprising metal rolling means Where- 24, 1914, upon the application of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

[SEAL the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page article an read a, page 3, line 10, for the word 65-66, for the word developing read enveloping,"

by the highly heated iron or steel can be subjected in a dry state to successive reducing operations, gas supplying means whereby non-combustible aeriform fluid consisting of air from which free oxygen has been eliminated by the aid of carbon can be supplied in appropriate volume to form a protecting atmosphere Within the apparatus, and gas retaining means whereby such aeriform fluid can be retained in contact with the iron or steel, said means of the several kinds mentioned being combined and arranged for protecting the freshly exposed iron or steel surfaces by said atmosphere, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signa-- ture, in presence of two Witnesses.

HERMAN FRASGH.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,118,275, granted November of Herman F rasch, of Cleveland, Ohio, for an improvement in Processes of and Apparatus for Rolling Iron Rods, errors appear in 1, line 69, for the coil read oil; page 4, lines and that the said Letters Patent should be read with. these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record Signed and sealed this 15th day of December, A. D., 1914.

J. T. NEWTON,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

It is hereby certified that in Letters PetentNo. 1,118,275, granted November 24, 1914, upon the application of Herman Frasch, of Cleveland, Ohio, for an improvement in Processes of and Apparatus for Rolling Iron Rods, errors appear in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 69, for the article an read a; page 3 line 10, for the word coil read oil; page4, lines 65-66, for the word developing reed enveloping; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed this 15th day of December, A. D., 1914.

J. T. NEWTON,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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