US1117919A - Incubator. - Google Patents

Description

J. L. SHUTB.

INOUBATOR'.

APPLICATION IILED my 16. 1913.

1,1 17,919, Patented N0v.17,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET1.

attorneys THE NORRIS PETERS 60., PHOTO-Llllfll. WASH ING MN) 'L C,

J. L. SHUTE.

INGUBATOB.

APPLIUATION FILED HAY 18, 1913.

1,117,919, Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHE-ET 2.

wi g/f /W7%Mm witness THE NORRIS PETERS (20.. PMO1D-LITNO.3 WAHINGM. D. C

J. L. SHUTE.

INGUBATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY16.1913.

Zmvemor attorneys THE NORRIS PEYERS Cr: PHOTO-LITHD.. WASHINGTON, I) C.

J. L. SHUTB.

INOUBATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1913.

Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

4 SHEETS--SHEBT 4.

3 nvcntor mime attorneys IHE NORRIS PEYERS 60.. PHOTDLITHOV. wAsHHVsrvN. n i

JAMES L. SHUTE, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

INCUBATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 1'7, 1914.

Application filed May 16, 1913. Serial No. 768,138.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, JAMES L. SHUTE, citizen of the United States, residing at Seattle, .in the county of King and State of Washington, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Incubators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to incubators, and more particularly to ventilating systems for incubators, and an object of the invention is to provide an improved heating element wherein none of the burnt gases enter the incubator but wherein the heat may be used for raising the temperature of air and a water system to the required temperature.

A further object of the invention is to provide an incubator formed in two parts, one of which contains the heating apparatus while the other part contains heating coils and is provided with an improved bottom to effect more complete circulation of air.-

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved heating element associated with devices automatically actuated for regulating the temperature of the incubator, said automatic devices serving to throw a greater part of the heated gases in contact with the water heater when the temperature is below normal but adapted to move so that said gases may have other modes of exit and thereby decrease the heating effect upon the heating tank when the temperature is normal or above.

A still further object of the invention is to provide means for keeping the air in the incubator moist, said means being associated with an expansion tank from which it debator and in providing a heating system with a hot water tank such that the heat V W. a.

from the tank may assist in the ready expulsion of the foul gases.

iVith these and other objects in view the invention comprises certain novel construction, combinations, and arrangements of parts as will be hereinafter more fully described and claimed. i

In the drawings, wherein I have shown the most practical embodiment of my inventi on and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts: Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through the heating chamber and showing the heating element and expansion tank'in section on line 11 of Fig. 3, Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken through the incubator on line 2-2 of Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is a horizontal section below the cover, the heating and ventilating systems being shown. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on the line 4-4: of Fig. 3, through the heating chamber. Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the nursery chamber of the incubator on line 55 of Fig. 3.

In the heating of incubators, there are two general methods used, one of which employs heated air together with suitable means for producing a circulation, while the other method uses hot water. My present invention aims to Provide a heating system which will combine the hot air and hot water systems and. thereby produce a system which will give a uniform temperature. In fact, experiments performed with an incubator made according to the present invention have shown that throughout a period of several weeks, through a range of from forty to fifty degrees of temperature external to. the incubator, the temperature within did not fluctuate more than one degree. Notwithstanding this unifrrmity of temperature, it has been possible to maintain satisfactory ventilation by the use of a ventilated floorv used in conjunction with a casing made preferably of sheet metal and connecting the sub-floor of the incubator with the atmosphere. these results are obtained may be more clearly understood, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings, wherein the incubator is shown as having a partition 1 which divides said incubator into two chambers, the chamber 2 being of suflicient size to contain the heating and ventilating system while the chamber 3 is designed to be the nursery portion of the incubator and.

In order that the means whereby .,the heater. up heater 15 is an outer chimney-2O provided may be equipped with the Various attachments and accessories in common use in the nurseries of the present lncubators. As

shown in the drawings, the bottom 1 oft-he incubator has extending lengthwise several cleats or other suitable structure 5 which supports the false bottom 6 from which extends a support 7 provided with suitable flanges for supporting egg trays. Any par ticular formation of egg supporting devices may be used and no claim is made to the particular system shown herein nor is the invention to be limited to the showing disclosed in the drawing. It is desirable, however, that the trays have wire sides 8 so that the foul air which is formed around the eggs and which is also given off by the chicks after they have been-hatched may pass readily to the space 9 between the false bottom 6 and the bottom 4- of the incubator. The false bottom 6 is made slightly shorter than the corresponding dimensions of the chamber 3 so that there will be a space at one end to allow the foul gases to pass into the space 9.

If desired, that surface of the partition 1 which is presented to the nursery chamber may be provided with a strip of cardboard or paper 10 but whether this strip 10 be present or not, the partition 1 has part of the edge thereof cut away as shown at 11 in Figs. 1, 2 and 1. The purpose of this opening 11 will appear when the circulation of the air in the incubator is discussed.

The heating element used in connection with the heating chamber 2 comprises a suitable lamp or other source of heat 12, which lamp may be made after any improved design and adapted to burn oil as is the common practice. Extending from the lamp is a chimney 13 provided with a flange 1% which engages the lower end of a heater 15. The shell of this heater 15 may be made cylindrical and the interior thereof is provided with a conical sheet of metal 16 which forms in the cylinder a thin casing or heater adapted to receive the water to be heated. Surrounding the cylinder of the heater is an air vent 17 formed of a cylinder both ends of which are open, one of said ends being open to the atmosphere to permit the ingress of fresh air while the other end of said cylinder communicates with the interior of the chamber 2. Leading from the heater 15 and passing through the cylinder 17 is a pipe 18 which has water-tight connection with said heater and an expansion tank 19. As shown in the drawings, the heater may be supported from the flange let and the end of the pipe 18 projecting beyond the cylinder 17, although of course other methods may be used for stuaporting Extending upwardly from the with the usual vent openings 21, while there is mounted within the chimney 20 aninterior chimney 22 secured to the chimney 20 by means of braces .or other means 23. The lower end of the interior chimney 22 is flared as at 24 and is adapted toreceive air from the restricted opening of the chimney 13. Mounted upon the incubator in any approved manner is a rod 26 carrying a chain 27, the lower end of which is provided with a damper 28, while the end of the rod 26 carries a deflecting plate or damper 29 adapted to close the top of the interior chimney 22 when said rod 26 is depressed. The rod 26 may be actuated by means of any thermostatic control (not shown) located within the nursery chamber, and the particular means for connecting the red 26 to said thermostatic control, forms no part of the present invention. Thus it will be seen that when the rod 26 is depressed,'the deflecting plate 29 will close the upper end of the chimney 22 and the heated gases from the lamp ]2 will pass out of the restricted opening -23 around the flared end 24 of the chimney 22 and come in contact with the conical surface 16 forming the inner part of the heater 15. In this way, when the interior chimney is closed, all of the heated gases will be deflected against the interior 16 of the heater.

The hot water heating part of my present invention comprises a water circuit composed of a pipe 26, the lower end of which has a water-tightconnection with the heater 15. Said pipe 26 passes through an opening 27 formed in the partition 1 and from there by means of pipe28 conducts water around a circuit lying. adjacent the outer walls of the nursery section. The return end of the pipe 28 passes through the parti tion 1 and is connected by means of a pipe 29 with the expansion tank 19. Preferably, this pipe 29 extends continuously through the expansion tank, entering at the top at one end and emerging from the bottom of the opposite end and communicating with pipe 18. In this way, there is established a complete water system, and water heated in the heater 15 may rise through pipe 26 and pass through the pipes 28 and 29 and return to the heater by means of the pipe 18, a natural circulation being set up in the pipes by reason of the fact that the pipe 26 is con-- nected to the upperend of the heater, whereas the pipe 18 is connected to the lower end of the heater 15.

The expansion tank 19 is made relativelylarge with respect to the circulating pipes and heater and is made in such form as to present considerable surface, a desirable form for this purpose being a thin oblong tank such as shown in the drawings, the opposite sides of which are braced by means munication with the circulating system, the upper end of the pipe 29 has a vent 31 permitting water to pass from the pipe 29 into the tank while the lower end of said pipe is provided with a second vent 32 also communicating with the tank at a point adjacent the point of emergence of the pipe 29 from the tank 19. This tank is made large enough to accommodate considerable water and is fed by means of a feeder pan 33 which is connected to the top of the expansion tank by means of a suitable pipe connection 34. \Vhile the pan 33 affords means for supplying extra water through the tank, a discharge cock may be connected to the bottom of the tank whereby the water may be drawn from the system whenever desired, and in order that the system may be properly vented, there is provided a pipe 36 connecting the pipe 28 to the atmosphere.

From the matter thus far described, the operation of the heatingsystem will be as follows: The arm 26 will be in its downward position, being acted upon by the thermostatic control (not shown), insomuch as the temperature of the incubator is not up to normal. The lamp 12 may then be lighted and it will be seen that the heated gases may not pass out of the interior chimney 22 because of the deflecting plate 29, but the said gases will be forced. against the shell 16 and pass out of the top of the exterior chimney 20 and the vents 21. The water in the heater 15 is rapidly heated and the circulation is thereby set up through the pipes 26, 28, 29 and 18. This heats the said pipes and the air in the incubator becomes heated until the thermostatic controlling device (not shown) raises the deflecting plate 29 away from the interior of chimney 22, at which time a large quantity of the gases of combustion will pass out of said interior chimney and will not come in direct contact with the heater. Thus the heating effect upon the water in the system will be checked and the deflecting plate 29 held away from the chimney until the temperature falls below normal. Simultaneous with the heating of the water, there is set up in the air casing 17 a draft which draws into the chamber 2 fresh air from the outside, but it will be noted that although the entrance to the air column surrounds the chimney 13, yet the air draft is not at its maximum until the water in the heater is sufficiently hot to assist in promoting circulation of air through the cylinder 17. Thus, if for any reason, the temperature of the incubator should suddenly drop, due to the cooling of water in the heater, the air circulation will be checked somewhat so that the heating may be more progressive within the incubator than would be the case were the circulation normal. In order that the fresh air which is brought in from the bottom of the incubator may not be too dry, there is provided upon the topof the expansion tank an evaporating pan 37 which may be filled by means of a pipe 38 from without the incubator. Should excessive heating occur, rod 26 will rise sufficiently to lift damper 28 from opening 39 formed in the top of the incubator so that the air may escape rapidly to bring the temperature within the incubator down to normal. Insomuch as this pan rests upon the top of the expansion tank, no additional means are necessary for heating the water and insomuch as the intake of air is roughly proportional to the heat of the water, it will be seen that the evaporation will be self regulating.

In order to conceal the top of the nursery chamber of the incubator there is provided the usual strip of building paper or paste board, such pasteboard or partition being spaced from the top of the incubator so as to provide an air space to prevent undesirable reduction of heat.

A drip pipe 43 may be employed for draining the evaporating pan 37, which drip pipe 43 may also be provided with a suitable stopcock 44.

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be seen that there is provided an A-shaped casing 40 which may be formed of sheet metal, one side of which terminates at the bottom 4 and forms a seal between the nursery chamber 3, the space 9 and the heating and ventilating chamber 2. As fresh air is drawn into the heating chamber 2 and is heated, it will naturally rise and pass through the opening formed at 11 in the partition 1 as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 1 and 2. A tendency will be for this fresh air to force the foul air through the grating 8 into the space 9 and up through the A-shaped casing 40. This casing 40 is so placed that one of its surfaces is in direct contact with the heating chamber 2 so that the foul air will be heated and thereby assisted in its egress from the incubator. The top of the casing 40 is reduced as shown at 41 and may be provided with a perforated plate 42.

What I claim is:

1. In a device of the class described, a receptacle including between its upper and lower walls a main compartment, a second compartment formed in part by a partition wall between said compartments, a supplementary compartment below the main compartment and having communication therewith, a casing within the second compartment substantially parallel with the partition wall and communicating with the external air, the interior of the casing having communication with the supplementary compartment, a water and air heating device in the second compartment, means for conduct ing water therefrom through the main compartment, and means for permitting the flow of heated air above the casi-ng from the'sec- 0nd compartment to the mam compartment,

.thence to the supplementary compartment and the interior'of the casing.

52. In a vdevice of the class described, a main compartment, a second compartment having communication therewith at its upper portion, a supplementary compartment be- .lOW the main compartment, a casing in the second compartment, the interlor of the cas-.

ing having communication with the supplementary compartment, a Water and air heatmg device in the second compartment, means; for conveying Water from the sand device permitted to flow from the second compartment to the main compartment, thence to the supplementary compartment and the interior of the casing, and means permitting the egress of air from the casing.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing Washington, D. 0.

3. In a deviceof the class described, a main compartment, a second compartment, an expansion tank Within the latter, a Waterand air heating device also in the secondcompartment, a pipe communicating with the. lower portion of the Water heating device and extending through said expansion tank and through the main compartment, thence to the upper portion of the Water heating device, means permitting the flow of air through the expansion tank and thence to the main compartment, means for regulating the temperature Within the main compartment, means for controlling the temperature of the Water heating device, said regulating means being operative after the con trolling device has moved a predetermined distance. y

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence oftWo Witnesses.

' JAMES L. SHUTE.

, Witnesses:

G. WARD KEMP, JAMns- ROTH ELL.

the Commissioner 01! Iatents,

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