US11119A - Steam-engine - Google Patents

Description

30 l escaping from one cylinder, in another cyl- BENJ. F. DAY, or PHrLAnELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-ENGINE.

specification f `Letters, Patent No. 11,119,` dated June 2o, 1854.

I To all echan?, t may concerne: y

f `Beit known that I, BENJAMIN F. DAY, of the city `and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have. invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Engines; and I do hereby declare the following `to bea full, clear, .and exact description of the same, reference being `had to the `accompanying drawings, making a part thereof, andin which"` i Figure l represents a `perspective view of the engine. Fig. 2* represents a fview on top of thesteam chests, `with the lids or covers thereofremoved, to show the valves therein. Fig; 3 represents a top view t-aken underneat-h the steam chests, so as to showthe i on the expansion cylinder.

steam ports andlpass'age's. Fig'. .4 represents, a longitudinal vertical `section throughthe expansion cylinder,with the `valves in their places, and showing the steam and eduction passages of said expansion cylinder.` Fig.

5 represents, a vertical transverse section through the cylinders and steam chests, showing the passages leading out of the ports of the receiving cylinder, into the steam chests `F ig. `6 represents the valves, &c., detached from their places. f

I: amaware that many attempts have been made to work over by expansion,the steam" inder, both being so arranged as that their piston `.rods shall `connect `with the same crank shaft. I make no pretension toorigi nality of invention in"fthe principle of such economical working of steam. But the radical defects, in the'details, lfor carrying out this principle, have thus far prevented suchengines from coming" into general` or practical.

use. Among the prominent `defects in thev application of this principle, may be menw tioned that, of keeping opena free communication between the cylinders, or allowing the steam to passimmediately from one cylinder to the other, through passages or openings leading direct from one to the other. Another defect is, in the attempt to make one exhaust passage common to 4both cylinders. both the plans, `the action ofthe expansion cylinder, is entirely dependent upon that of the receiving cylinder, and only `about half a cylinder full of steam can be used expansively in thesecond cylinder; or rather, it can only `act on the piston of the second or lexpansion cylinder during, one

i half of its stroke, 4as the return of the piston in the Areceiving cylinder, opens the direct communication betweenthem, and the steam inthe expansion cylinder must exhaust. So also, in the latter case, where there is one ex-` haust common to both1 cylinders, for they must of course exhaust at the same time, and

inthe plans suggested forthis construction,

the .steam from the expansion` cylinder is made to exhaust back through the receiving cylinder` to the eduction pipe, and this requires such uniforlnity of motion of both pistons, as to make the receiving` cylinder `control the expanding cylinder, not giving the steam in the second cylinder time to act to its full extent expansively, for the piston of the` expanding cylinder can only receive the action 0f the steam expansively for about one half of itsstroke, since it must exhaust at a l'ixed time "to, conform. withthe return ofthe piston. in the receiving cylinder. Now, to workthe steam by its direct action in a second cylinder, is` not economi cal, for it canbe done as advantageously in one cylinder, and at less cost of, construction. The second cylinder .istherefore designed for working the steam escaping from the first cylinder expansively, yet, as I have shown, the means heretofore devised, only admit o-f such expansive action, during one half of thestro-ke of the piston. I't is .theren fore clear that a direct communication or steam-way` between the cylinders, embarrasses the action ofthe second or expanding cylinder, and the expansive i force of the steam therein to agreat` extent is lost.

The naturev of my invention, consists in taking the steam, from the` rst cylinder, which is to be worked expansively in the second one, to a steam chest suitably `provided with valves, ports, and passages, so that it maybe let `on to the second cylinder, act, and exhaust therefrom by the action of the said valves and ports, Without being in` luenced `to so great an extent, as heretofore, bythe return of the'piston of the rst cylinder, which is the case wherethe communication is direct from one cylinder to the other. This method of applyingthe steam to the second cylinder, allows "it to act expansively on its piston,during the whole of its stroke, effecting a saving over the other methods of one third. y i

The second part of my` invention Consists in the inclosing of the expansion cylinder ina j acketor second cylinder so asto leave llt) ia flue space between them,through which a current of heated air, or gases, is allowed to pass, for the purpose of reheating t-he steam 1n sald expansion cylinder, and causing it to act with more effect on the piston.y

' heating its cylinder, a portion of its lost heat, renders it more effective and economical.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

Before entering'into the' more minute description of the accompanying drawings, I would state that, the receiving engine may be constructed in any of the well known forms ofv high pressure or noncondensing engines, and I shall not therefore, make any farther reference to that part of the engine than is merely necessary to explain its connection with the other part of the engine vupon which my improvement is especially applicable.

The communication between the boiler and the engine is by means ofthe pipe A, leading directly into the steam chest B, from whence the steam is admitted through the passages C, C, alternately, into the receiving cylinder L, by a simple slide valve a, Fig. 2, moved by an eccentric b, on the rock shaft M, (Fig. 1,) and a strict regard to economy will require it to be made so as to cut off the steam at or about half stroke. The steam being admitted into the receiving cylinder L, it is also conducted by the transverse passages D, D, (in dotted lines Fig. 3, and in section Fig. 4,) leading out of the passages C, C, Vinto the steam chest E, on the expansive cylinder N, the crank O, of the receiving engine having arrived on the half center, thus bringing the crank P, of the expansion engine on it-s center. The valves F, F, now commence opening the ports G, leading into the expansion cylinder, when the steam is worked expansively in both -cylinders at the same time until the receiving engine has finished its stroke. The steam contained in the receiving cylinder is then allowed to escape by the eduction pipe I, and that portion of the steam remaining in the expansion cylinder comprising about one third of the whole, is retained by the valves H, closing the ports D, and it continues to work expansively until the end of the stroke of the expansion enyinside of the arms of the valves I-I H, also represented in Fig. 6, and 1.motion is communicated to the valves H,'II, by the valves F, F, coming in contact with them, alternately as they are moved by their rod d. The rock shafts M, M', apparently one inA the drawing, though really two, may havea step either in one or the other, so that they may have separate movements. 0r they may be hollow resting on a fixed bar, so that the one M, may be operated by the eccentric e, on the crank shaft, and the other M, by the eccentric f, also on said crank shaft, but admitting of motions entirely independent of each other.

rlhe expansion cylinder N, is surrounded by a jacket or second cylinder Q Figs. 1, 5, leaving a flue space R, between said cylinders, through which heated air or the heated product of combustion from the furnace may pass, as indicated by the arrows Fig. 5, and said Hue shouldl also be provided with a damper s, having a handle g (Fig. 1,) thereto, for regulating the quantity of heat to be admitted.

In Fig. 1, T represents the inlet for, and U, the exit of, the heated products, after they have passed entirely around the cylinders, and h' represents the exhaust from the expansion cylinder, which may be made into said flue, for the purpose o-f increasing the draft through it. The object in passing this current of heated air around the expansion cylinder, is for the purpose of restoring to the steam therein a portion of the heat abstracted from it by its passage through the various ports,` or openings by radiation and the expansion and to increase thereby the effective force of the steam in said cylinder. The heat used may be the waste heat from the furnace, or from any other source.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention I would state that I lay no claim to the double engine connected to cranks at right angles on one shaft; neither do I claim the principle of using steam expansively in connection with a cylinder orv engine using it directly from the boiler, as these are described in the patent granted to Daniel Barnum on the 19th Sept., 1846; neither do I claim the arrangement of valves as patented to said Barnum. But

What I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- In contradistinction from allowing the which means I retain a longer expansive acstealn to passhdrectly from one cylifnder tion of steam, substantially as described. to the other, t e takin of the steam rom the receiving cylinder a steam chest pro- B FRANKLIN DAY 5 vided With Valves and ports, by and through Witnesses:

which the steam` is admitted to, and eX SYLVES'TER DAY, hausted from the expansive cylinder, by GEO. W. DAY.

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