US1109472A - Telephonic and telegraphic apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

J. SGHIESSLER.

TELEPHONIC AND TELEGRAPHIO APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1908;

. Patented Sept. 1, 191%.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. SOHIESSLER.

TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.19, 190B.

Patented Sept. 1 1914 2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

KHZ

follows: lVlxen a resistance heated by the current, the heat thus 'eneraled is given off to the surroijunlings either by conduction or radiation. E; :h fluctuation in current will accordingly be attended by fluctuations in temperature, that is to say, lluctuatiims in the conduction and radiation of the heat. Conversely, each fluctuation in the conduction or the radiation of heat will be attended by current fluctuations. These current fluctuations are proportional to the square roots.

of the ditl'erences in temperature when it is a question of the conduction of heat, but where there is only radiation the current fluctuations are approximately proportional to the cube roots of the fluctuations in the radiation. As, however, conduction and radiation of heat are fairly variable quantities, it follows that by suitably influencing the same, considerable fluctuations in current can also be obtained. According to the specific nature of the incandescent resistance either the conduction of heat or the radia tion of heat or both, or the magnetic field of the incandescent body may be influenced. In some cases all three effects will be applied. For the purposes of the present invention incmidesccnt lamps and Tyndall platinum lamps are preferably used, without other incandescent lamps being excluded on that account. Now if an incandescent lamp with a spirally-wound incandescent filament be employed as a relay resistance,

heat is given oft from the incandescent filament by conduction and radiation. The conduction of the heat can but slightly he intluenced,"owing to the vacuum, but the reverse isthe case with the radiation of heat, which, moreover, becomes more and more considerable at high temperatures. To this radiation the vacuum o'lle rs no resistance, but a partial resistance offered by the glass Wall, which only lets through the minor portion of the radiated heat (about 40%). The greater part of the radiated heat is reflected by the inner wall of the glass bulb and raises the ten'iperature of the incandescent filamen Now this portion of the radiation can be influenced in the following way:-By means of the solenoid-like winding of the incandescent filament. a magnetic field is created which is both inlluenced in its lines of force by the magnetic field of the solenoid-like wound leads,'or an electro magnet may be included in. the circuit, and, owing to the elasticity of the filament it either caused. to approach or reccde from the wall of the incandescent lamp, which wall is more or less in'ipervious to the heat rays according to its composition, thereby either increasing or checking the radiation, so that by this means the telmperalurc of individual places in the filament and consequently also the stren th of current in the same is varied. This result, however, can

be obtained not only with Duddells socalled negative resistances, but also with any positive or metallic resistance ol" suitable form, for example, an incandescent platinum spiral in either a non-exhausted or exhausted glass globe. The main obyect of the glass globe is to exclude undesirable air currents and their action. The incan descent lamp also contains a so-called negative resistance; nevertheless, neither Duddell nor any one else has hitherto succeeded in forming a Duddell circuit with it in just the same way as with a luminous arc. This is due to the vacuum in such lamp, which renders it impossible to directly influence the incandescent filament by heat absorbing means, such as air, hydrogen, etc. It'is possible, however, to employ the incandescent lamp in the Duddellcircuit in spite of its vacuum, by influencing its radiation of heat or its magnetic field, either as hereinbefore set forth, or in any other way. The effect may, however, be still further augmented, for example, by surrounding the incandescent lamp, or only the filament, with a smooth, non-magnetic metal lining impervious to the radiation of heat, for instance, by silvering the same, or enveloping the same in tin-foil.

From the foregoing statements it will be clear that both a metallic or positive, and a non-metallic or negative resistance, or a combination of both, may be employed as a relay resistance.

The dimensions of the various incandescent resistances capable of being employed in the main circuit and the mode of connecting the same admit of any desired voltage and strength of current being employed in such circuit.

As the tone of a tuning-fork which is barely audible is reinforced by placing the "fork on a sounding board, which must be one such that its own tone coincides with thatof the tuning-fork, in like manner an electrical sounding board must be'provided for the feeble oscillations or interruptions of current of the primary line. Such a sounding-board or resonator is found in the socalled Thomson or Duddell oscillating circuit. Consequently, for the purposes of the present invention the oscillating circuit is of essential importance; it consists of a shunt circuit connected in parallel to the relay resistance and including a variable capacity and a rcgulatable self-induction device, connected in series with each other.

The whole arrangement then comprises four parts or circuits: I. The line circuit, or

means for superimposing current fluctuations. ll. The relay circuit, or strong current circuit. Ill. The Thomson (or Duddell),'oscillating or resonating circuit. TV. The telephone or receiving circuit. These l'our circuits can be coupled so as to be in operative electrical relation to each other as follows: 1. Magnetically, that is to say, inductively. 2. Electrically, that is to say,

I with capacity. 3. Gslvanically, that is to oscillating or resonating circuit (Hi) draws its energy from the lamp circuit to which it f is coupled or in operative electrical .relatlon, and the less its own reslstance the more. so does it drew ts energy. in the case of the telephone or receiving circuit (IV) an independent source of current s dispensed with and the telephone, according-- to the way it is coupled up or placed in operative electrical relation tothe resonating circuit, is fed-either by induced currents,

(coupling 1), displacement currents (coupling 2), or by partial currents (coupling 32, in which latter case a choking resistance 5 ould be placed in the shunt circuit.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the occompanying drawings show diiierent improved arrange ments with the telephone circuit coupled magnetically, electrically and galvanically, respectively. Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, 8, 9, show modifications of the arrangements ace Jrding to Figs. 1', 2, 3, respectively. Figs. 10 and 11 show further modifications. Fig. 12 shows diagrams hereinafter described.

In the following description and in the drawing the" one designation of the relay circuit will be adhered to throughout. This relaycircuit consists of the incandescent lamp circuit-H and the Thomson oscillating circuit 111 and in th former 1 denotes an all the figu es Qindicatese regulating re induction coil, Figs. 2, 3, 'Z, or a simple straight wire, Figs. 4 5, 6, 8, 9, (omitting the inductive coupling with the line), or en inserted incandescent body, for instance, an evacuated lncandescent lamp or a non-evacuatcd platinum lamp. etc, Figs. 10, 11. In

sistance soc {as u slide rheostat or the like, 3 the incandescent body, the wires supplying current to which are wound in solenoid "form aud'thereby produce'a bi-polar magnetic field.

4 is the variable condenser and 5 is the rcgulatable self-induction coil of'the oscillating' circuit. 1

The arrangement and purpose of the com-' "ponentsof the line circuit l. and 01 the telephone circuit lV- can be readily and clearly determined from the drawings.

The working" of the apparatus is is follows: The very weak current fluctuations of the line are impressed upon the relay circuit, and in Fig". l, are transmitted by magnetic induction from 9 to the circuit 1, 2, 3, of the lamp, the arrangement being such that by means oi the Very weak alternating currents of the -line exactly corresponding alternating tensions are induced in the circuit of the incandescent lamp 3. These alternating tensions are, however, added to and subtracted from that of the original continuous current, whereby a wave current of far higher energy is produced. v

I Under ordinary conditions only the weak alternating talking current is transmitted by induction by such a wave current, and the energy of the continuous current remains idle or is not utilized. For a veryweulc ulternating current superimposed upon a continuous current is, under ordinaryconditions, not able to'bring the continuous current into powerful undulation. Now experiments made the applicant have shown that it is nevertheless possible to bring the continuous current into powerful undulation it a high incandescent resistance be placed in series in the strong current cirouit and, parallel thereto, a. Thomson oscillnting circuit. In the shunt, the current fluctuations are similar but of for greater intensity. For the purpose of preventing the unnecessary and injurious leakage of the incoming alternating talking currents in the network of currents, choking coils should obviously be inserted in the main circuit. I

7 in the arrangement shown in Fig. 2, the working is exactly the same as that of Fig. 1, only in this case the telephone 6 is in electrical operative relation to the resonating circuit by coupling throu h a capacity. In .ldig. 3 a condenser of the telephone for its'protectiongThe conis placed ahead tinuous current does not go'through the con denser, but the displacement current does.- The galvanic or direct, metallic coupling might also in this case start from the selfinduction coil of the oscillating circuit or" from the two' coatings of the condenser:

in the arrangement shownin Figs. 4, 5, and 6, the Working is exactly the same, only the coupling with the secondary line is an electrical capacitative one. .It should be noted-here, that this coupling might also have taken place with the condenser l ofthe oscilh'iting' circuit. Theelectric cap'acitative coupling of the telephone-is effected by-connesting the telephone to two platesof different polarity of a regulatable plate condenser, the plates of which by being displaced relatively to esch'otlier enable the amount of the displacement'current passing bllI'OllglllllQ telephone to be varied at will, so as to protect the telephone from absorbing an excessive amount of energy.

Figs. 7 8 and 9 show a galvanic or direct metallic coupling with the primary line, which coupling, with a resistance to placed ahead of it, may take placeboth across the inductance l or a heating spiral (Fig. 7) as well as across the incandescent lamp 3 (Figs. 8 and 9). I

Fig. 10 shows a magnetic inductive connection of particularly powerful action. In

the relay circuit is placed an incandescent lamp or platinum lamp, instead of the induction coil 1, in which the magnetic field of the incandescent filament, which is wound like a solenoid, is acted upon by a bi-polar electromagnet 1.0, 11, with or without an iron core, and-the windings of which are traversed by the Weak line current fluctuating in rhythm with the-speech and with which a condenser 12 may be connected in parallel. The oscillations in the oscillating circuit passing through the coil shaped filament oi the lamp 3 produces by induction a varying magnetic field in. the electromagnets or windings 13, 14, which strengthened by the condenser 7 are supplied to the tele phone (3, said condenser being 'in parallel or across the circuit between the magnets and telephone. Still. simpler is the connection shown in Fig. 11, in which the bi-polar n'iagnetic field of the incandescent filament 1 is influenced at one pole by an electromagnet 15 traversed by the line current, the other pole of the incandescent filament solenoid acting upon an electro-magnet 16 connected to a-telephone 6 and with which a condenser may also be connected in parallel. The working is the same as hereinbefore described.

Instead of the electro-magnets with iron cores, simple induction coils, solenoids of cylindrical or conical form may be employed, likewise polarization cells may be substituted for the condensers.

All these arrangements described with reference to the accompanying drawings may however be also used as telegraph relays. In this case the interruption of current coming in from .the primary line, produced by the Morse key. of the transmitting station, as well as the microphone currents, are trans mitted in the manner described above to the main circuit of t e telephone relay. If,

however, an arrangement according to this invention be employed in an intermediate station, the secondary line is connected up under the same ccuiditions and forms of coupling, instead of the telephone, tapper, or the like.

I claim- 1. The'combination' with a strong relay iCOlltinUOUS current circuit, an incandescent resistance in said circuit, a lei-polar magnetic field to influence said resistance; of means to supcrimpose current fluctuations on the current in said circuit, a resonating circuit in parallel with the relay circuit, a variable capacity and a regulable resistance in series in the resonating circuit, and a receiving circuit in operative electrical relation to the resonating circuit.

2. The combination with a relay continuous current circuit, a resistance therein capable of being magnetically varied and windings in proximity to said resistance, of means to superimpose current fluctuations on said relay circuit, a. resonating circuit in parallel with the relay circuit, a variable capacity and regulable resistance in said circuit, and a receiving circuit in operative electricalrclation to the resonating circuit.

3. The combination with a relay continuous current circuit having a resistant-e therein heated by the current in said circuit, means to superiinpose line currents on said circuit, an oscillating circuit in parallel With the first circuit and including said resistance, and a third circuit including windings in inductive relation to said resist ance.

4. The combination with a relay continuous current circuit, a resistance therein capable of-being varied by a variable magnetic field and a winding on each side of said resistance to produce a bi-polar magnetic field therefor, of a resistance winding in said circuit,-a telephone circuit and means included. in said circuit in operative electrical rela tion to said resistance winding to superimpose the current fluctuations of the talking circuit upon the relay circuit, a resonating circuit in parallel with the relay circuit containing self-inductance and capacity, and a receiving circuit in operative electrical relation to the resonating circuit to receive amplified. current variations in synchronism with the talking current variations.

5. The combination with. a strong relay continuous current circuit having an incandescent resistance therein; of a resonating circuit having a regulable resistance and a variable capacity therein, an incandescent winding in the relay circuit, a telephone circuit having a winding in magnetic relation to said incandescent winding, and a receiving circuit in operative electrical relation to the resonating circuit.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Du. J OSEF SOHIESSLER.

Witnesses:

'Josnr RnnAscH,

AUeUsr FUGGER.

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