US11085280B2 - Horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and apparatus - Google Patents
Horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US11085280B2 US11085280B2 US16/711,371 US201916711371A US11085280B2 US 11085280 B2 US11085280 B2 US 11085280B2 US 201916711371 A US201916711371 A US 201916711371A US 11085280 B2 US11085280 B2 US 11085280B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
Definitions
- the present application belongs to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, which is a means for increasing oil and gas production, and in particular relates to a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and apparatus.
- Horizontal well sectioned fracturing technology is an important technical measure to increase the production of oil and gas fields in China. Reservoir stimulation by sectioned fracturing can significantly improve the oil and gas seepage conditions around the horizontal well and thereby increase the productivity of the oil and gas well.
- hydraulic fractures generated after fracturing will appear in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the minimum principal crustal stress.
- conventional multi-section fracturing technology is employed for fracturing a horizontal well, a generated relatively long hydraulic fracture will have a certain influence on the surrounding crustal stress field within a certain range. This will change the direction of the minimum principal crustal stress in the stratum around the hydraulic fracture, and thereby influence the result of subsequent hydraulic fracturing.
- the hydraulic fractures generated by subsequent fracturing will easily be caused to deviate from the expected fracture trajectory, that is, the subsequent hydraulic fractures will deflect, and consequently the actual hydraulic fractures will deviate greatly from the expected hydraulic fractures.
- the present invention intends to solve the technical problem of providing a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and apparatus, which can effectively eliminate or reduce the interference of hydraulic fractures that have been generated to hydraulic fractures generated by subsequent fracturing, and can obtain, to the largest extent, a series of straight fractures which are sufficiently long and parallel to one another, such that the range of fracturing stimulation is effectively increased and the reservoir stimulation effect for horizontal wells is improved.
- the present invention provides a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method, the method comprising the following steps:
- n is a positive integer, and n ⁇ 2;
- the predetermined length does not exceed a half of a distance between adjacent fractures.
- the series of fractures are parallel straight fractures perpendicular to a direction of the minimum principal crustal stress in the original stratum.
- the fracturing tubular column of the corresponding fracturing section needs to be perforated.
- first packers are provided over an outside of the fracturing tubular column of the corresponding fracturing section, and a bridge plug is provided inside the fracturing tubular column of the corresponding fracturing section, so as to block the corresponding fracturing section.
- the bridge plug is provided on a side of the corresponding fracturing section which is away from the wellhead.
- second packers are employed to block perforations opened in the rest fracturing sections, which are close to the well head, of the fracturing sections where fracturing is needed.
- the present invention also provides a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing apparatus that adopts the horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method, the apparatus comprising:
- fracturing tubular column provided within the casing tube, an annulus being formed between the fracturing tubular column and the casing tube, the fracturing tubular column having n fracturing sections and opened with perforations in each section;
- a bridge plug provided inside the fracturing tubular column of the corresponding fracturing section on a side that is away from the wellhead.
- the apparatus further comprises fracturing trucks and a manifold, the fracturing trucks being connected to the fracturing tubular column by the manifold.
- second packers are provided over an outside of each perforation of all remaining perforations, which are close to the wellhead, of the fracturing sections where fracturing is needed.
- the present application has the following beneficial effects.
- the horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and apparatus of the present invention can effectively eliminate or reduce the interference of relatively long hydraulic fractures that have been generated to hydraulic fractures generated by subsequent fracturing, which occurs in the conventional horizontal well multi-section fracturing process.
- the stress interference zone is decreased, and the hydraulic fractures generated by horizontal well multi-section fracturing can be extended perpendicular to a direction of the minimum principal crustal stress of the original stratum, such that a series of straight fractures which are sufficiently long and parallel to one another are obtained. Therefore, the range of reservoir stimulation can be effectively enlarged, and the effect of reservoir stimulation is improved.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method according to the embodiments of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing apparatus according to the embodiments of the present application.
- references signs in the above figures refer to the following: 1 . first first-stage fracture; 2 . second first-stage fracture; 3 . first second-stage fracture; 4 . (n ⁇ 1)th first-stage fracture; 5 . second second-stage fracture; 6 . first (n ⁇ 1)th-stage fracture; 7 . nth first-stage fracture; 8 . (n ⁇ 1)th second-stage fracture; 9 . second (n ⁇ 1)th fracture; 10 . first nth-stage fracture; 11 . nth second-stage fracture; 12 . (n ⁇ 1)th (n ⁇ 1)th-stage fracture; 13 . second nth-stage fracture; 14 . nth (n ⁇ 1)th-stage fracture; 15 . (n ⁇ 1)th nth-stage fracture; 16 .
- (n)th-stage fracture 17 . fracturing tubular column; 18 . fracturing truck; 19 . manifold; 20 . annulus; 21 . nth fracturing section; 22 . (n ⁇ 1)th fracturing section; 23 . second fracturing section; 24 . first fracturing section; 25 . first packer; 26 . bridge plug; 27 . stress interference zone
- the present invention provides a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method, which comprises the following steps:
- a fracturing tubular column 17 is obtained and divided into n fracturing sections according to need, of which the first fracturing section 34 is farthest away from the wellhead and the nth fracturing section 21 is closest to the wellhead, where n is a positive integer, and n ⁇ 2.
- fracturing trucks 18 and a manifold 19 can be employed to inject a fracturing fluid into the fracturing tubular column 17 until the fracturing tubular column 17 is filled with the fracturing fluid.
- a bridge plug 26 and two first packers 25 are employed to block the first fracturing section 24 which is farthest away from the wellhead.
- the fracturing tubular column 17 of the first fracturing section 24 is perforated to increase the displacement of the fracturing fluid.
- the pressure reaches a stratum rupture pressure, the stratum ruptures, forming a hydraulic fracture perpendicular to a direction of the minimum principal crustal stress of the stratum.
- the fracture With the displacement of the fracturing fluid unchanged, the fracture is extended for a predetermined length, and thereafter the fluid injection is stopped, thereby a first first-stage fracture 1 is obtained.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the second fracturing section 23 .
- perforating is performed for the second fracturing section 23 , and the stratum where the second fracturing section 23 is located is fractured to form a hydraulic fracture of the predetermined length as a second first-stage fracture 2 .
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred back to the first fracturing section 24 .
- Second packers (not shown) are employed to block the perforation at the position of the perforation in front of the first fracturing section 24 (i.e. the perforation of the second fracturing section 23 ) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the fracturing fluid is continued to be injected for fracturing, whereby the first first-stage fracture 1 is re-opened and extended again for the predetermined length, and thereafter the fluid injection is stopped, thereby a first second-stage fracture 3 is obtained.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the third fracturing section. Perforating is performed for the third fracturing section and the stratum where the third fracturing section is located is fractured to form a hydraulic fracture of the predetermined length as a third first-stage fracture. Then, the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred back to the second fracturing section 23 . Second packers (not shown) are employed to block the perforation at the position of the perforation in front of the second fracturing section 23 (i.e. the perforation of the third fracturing section) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the stratum where the second fracturing section 23 is located is fractured again to make the second first-stage fracture 2 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby a second second-stage fracture 5 is formed.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the first fracturing section 24 .
- Second packers (not shown) are employed to block the perforations at the position of the perforations in front of the first fracturing section 24 (i.e. the perforations of the second fracturing section 23 and the third fracturing section) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the stratum where the first fracturing section 24 is located is fractured again to make the first second-stage fracture 3 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby a first third-stage fracture is formed.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the nth fracturing section 21 .
- Perforating is performed for the nth fracturing section 21 , and the stratum where the nth fracturing section 21 is located is fractured to form a hydraulic fracture of the predetermined length as an nth first-stage fracture 7 .
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the (n ⁇ 1)th fracturing section 22 .
- Second packers are employed to block the perforation at the position of the perforation in front of the (n ⁇ 1)th fracturing section 22 (the perforation of the nth fracturing section) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the stratum where the (n ⁇ 1) fracturing section 22 is located is fractured again to make the (n ⁇ 1)th first-stage fracture 4 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby an (n ⁇ 1)th second-stage fracture 8 is formed. Going on in this way, the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the first fracturing section 24 . Second packers are employed to block the perforations at the position of the perforations in front of the first fracturing section 24 (i.e. the perforations from the second fracturing section 23 to the nth fracturing section 21 ) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the stratum where the first fracturing section 24 is located is fractured again to make the first (n ⁇ 1)th-stage fracture 6 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby a first nth-stage fracture 10 is formed.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are then transferred to the nth fracturing section 21 .
- the stratum where the nth fracturing section 21 is located is fractured again to make the nth first-stage fracture 7 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby an nth second-stage fracture 11 is formed.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the (n ⁇ 1)th fracturing section 22 .
- Second packers are employed to block the perforation at the position of the perforation in front of the (n ⁇ 1)th fracturing section 22 (the perforation of the nth fracturing section 21 ) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the stratum where the (n ⁇ 1)th fracturing section 22 is located is fractured again to make the (n ⁇ 1)th second-stage fracture 8 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby an (n ⁇ 1)th third-stage fracture is formed. Going on in this way, the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the second fracturing section 23 . Second packers are employed to block the perforations at the position of the perforations in front of the second fracturing section 23 (i.e. the perforations from the third fracturing section to the nth fracturing section 21 ) from outside the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the stratum where the second fracturing section 23 is located is fractured again to make the second (n ⁇ 1)th-stage fracture 9 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby a second nth-stage fracture 13 is formed.
- the bridge plug 26 and first packers 25 are transferred to the nth fracturing section 21 .
- the stratum where the nth fracturing section 21 is located is fractured again to make the nth (n ⁇ 1)th-stage fracture 14 extend again for the predetermined length, and fracturing is stopped, thereby an (n)th fracture 16 is formed.
- a series of straight fractures which are sufficiently long and parallel to one another are obtained, and fracturing is completed.
- the present invention can perform multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing for horizontal wells, and can obtain a series of straight fractures which are perpendicular to a direction of the minimum principal crustal stress of the original stratum.
- fractures can extend to a sufficient length while remaining parallel with one another. What needs to be explained is that the predetermined length does not exceed a half of a distance between adjacent fractures. In this way, the interference of fractures that has been generated to fractures generated by subsequent fracturing can be effectively eliminated or reduced.
- the present invention also provides a horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing apparatus that adopts the horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method, the apparatus comprising: a casing tube 28 , a fracturing tubular column 17 , two first packers 25 and a bridge plug 26 .
- the fracturing tubular column 17 is provided within the casing tube 28 , an annulus 20 is formed between the fracturing tubular column 17 and the casing tube 28 , the fracturing tubular column 17 has n fracturing sections, and each of the fracturing sections is opened with a perforation hole.
- the two first packers 25 are provided in the annulus 20 outside the fracturing tubular column 17 of a corresponding fracturing section, and are disposed respectively on two ends of the corresponding fracturing section.
- the bridge plug 26 is provided inside the fracturing tubular column 17 of the corresponding fracturing section on a side that is away from the wellhead.
- the fracturing tubular column 17 can be provided inside the casing tube 28 , and can have n fracturing sections each of which opened with a perforation thereon.
- the perforations can be formed in sequence according to the actual fracturing need. Since the two first packers 25 and the bridge plug 26 need to assist the fracturing at the corresponding fracturing section, the two first packers 25 need to be provided in the annulus 20 outside the fracturing tubular column 17 of the corresponding fracturing section, and be disposed respectively on two ends of the corresponding fracturing section.
- the bridge plug 26 needs to be provided inside the fracturing tubular column 17 of the corresponding fracturing section on a side that is away from the wellhead, so as to block the corresponding fracturing section.
- second packers can be employed to block the other perforations on the fracturing tubular column 17 in front of the fracturing sections (close to the wellhead) where fracturing is needed, and then fracturing is performed for the corresponding fracturing section.
- the apparatus further comprises fracturing trucks 18 and a manifold 19 , the fracturing trucks 18 being connected to the fracturing tubular column 17 by the manifold 19 , so as to inject the fracturing fluid into the fracturing tubular column 17 .
- the horizontal well multi-section multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and apparatus of the present invention can effectively eliminate or reduce the interference of hydraulic fractures that have been generated to hydraulic fractures generated by subsequent fracturing, which occurs in the conventional horizontal well multi-section fracturing technology.
- the stress interference zone 27 is decreased, and all the hydraulic fractures generated by horizontal well multi-section fracturing can be extended perpendicular to a direction of the minimum principal crustal stress of the original stratum, such that a series of straight fractures which are sufficiently long and parallel to one another are obtained. Therefore, the range of reservoir stimulation is effectively enlarged, and the effect of reservoir stimulation is improved.
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CN201811188171.6 | 2018-10-12 | ||
CN201811188171.6A CN109162687B (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | Multi-section and multi-stage reciprocating fracturing method and device for horizontal well |
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US20200300071A1 US20200300071A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
US11085280B2 true US11085280B2 (en) | 2021-08-10 |
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CN112012709B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2022-11-04 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of geothermal production well and multi-stage fracturing method of geothermal layer |
CN113431560B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2024-12-31 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | An equal-diameter dual-pass fracturing device suitable for measuring ground stress in hydraulic fracturing |
CN116163698B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2025-03-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Fracturing string device and fracturing method |
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CN109162687A (en) | 2019-01-08 |
CN109162687B (en) | 2019-12-27 |
US20200300071A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
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