US1107755A - Process of producing composite bars. - Google Patents

Description

- P. E. GANDA. PROCESS OF PRODUCING COMPOSITE BABS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 18, 1907.

1., 1 07,755. Patented Aug. 18, 1914,

JICMUL B-JYC EGWU ATTORNEW.

ITED STATES PATENT ornron.

FERDINAND E. CANDA, on NEW YORK, N. Y.', ASSIGNOR TO CHROME STEEL WORKS, or

. CHROME, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION on NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING COMPOSITE BARS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

Application filed February 18, 1907. Serial No. 357,853.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FERDINAND E. CANDA, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Producing Composite Bars; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clean and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to processes of producing composite bars, particularly jail bars and the like, and consists in a method of n'laking composite jail bars and like articles comprising a body of relatively soft metal haying interspersed therethrough a plurality of cores of harder metal, and specifi= cally, in a method of making such composite jail bars or like articles having projecting ribs on their sides into which ribs certain of said hard cores extend.

In jail bars it is desirable to have a body of tough and flexible character (which of course, means a relatively soft steel or like metal), containing a plurality of cores or bars of harder metal so interspersed through the mass of softer metal as to prevent sawing or boring of the bar; the soft buttough metal constituting' the body of the bar, preventing breaking of the bar even when the same is bent cold and permitting the bar to be shaped when either hot or cold. Such a compound bar I have described and claimed in my application Sr. No. 314,032. In the case of certain types of jail bars, and of bars for other purposes, it is desirable to have on the surfaces of such bars longitudinal ribs; and in such cases it is desirable that the hard cores or cast-in bars before referred to, shall extend up into such ribs so as to prevent sawing off or sawing through the ribs themselves. In the casting of the composite ingots for these bars trouble has sometimes been experienced in the case of large ingots, owing to piping, which is greatly increased over what is commonly experienced in steel casting, by the presence of the relatively cold hard steel bars. It is necessary to obviate this piping as when rolling a bar with considerable piping within it the relativepositions of the inserted hard metal bars may be changed mater ally. My present inof the bar itself.

vention comprises a method of reducing or preventing this piping.

Ihave discovered that if a plurality of bars of hard metal be arranged in an ingot mold and soft steel or other soft metal east thereabout so as to forman ingot, the ingot so formed may thereafter be rolled down in the ordinary manner and the castin bars "will nevertheless retain substantially their original relative positions and substantially their original proportions with respect to the proportions of the baritself; and in the case of the production of a ribbed bar, I have found that if in theoriginal ingot hard steel bars be cast in edgewise in positions corresponding to the positions of the ribs in the completed bar, and if the bar be rolled down in the manner hereinafter described, these edgwise cast-in hard steel cores may be drawn up into the ribs formed in the rolling so that it is as impossible or difiicult to saw or bore through the ribs as through the body Such ribs will be surrounded and supported by the softer metal, making it difiicult to break them loose. I have further found that piping in large ingots such as referred to' above, may be prevented by placing in themold in a position corresponding to'that at which piping would ing such bar to be cast into the ingot formed In the accompanying drawings I illustrate the various steps in the production of the jail bars such as hereinreferred to.

In said drawings: Figure-1 shows a vertical longitudinal section of a mold with hard metal bars therein, said mold being prepared for the pouring of the softer and tougher metal therein. Fig. 2 shows a transverse section through such a. mold. Fig. 3 is shows on a larger scale than the preceding figures, a transverse section of a ribbed jail otherwise occur, a bar of soft metal and causbar constructed as herein described; and

Fig. 8 shows a detail elevation of reducing rolls, and illustrates the formation of the ribs thereby. i.

In said'drawings, 1 designates the flask of the mold, 2 the green sand body ,of the mold, 3. 3 dry sand cores in the mold, one of them containing the runner 4, said cores supporting the inserted hard metal bars 5.

The mold having been prepared, the cores inserted and the bars 5 placed-withinsaid cores, the mold is poured in the ordinary manner, the softer metal, usually low carbon steel, rising up around the inserted rods or cores 5 and completely surrounding the same and welding thereto. IIl'tlllS way ingots of any of the sections shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 may be produced. In Figs. 5 and 6, 6 designates the tough metal body of the ingot and .7, 7 and 8, 8 cast-in cores or .bars 0 harder metal, siich as were originally the bars 5 inserted into the mold. For prevent ing piping of the ingot I place within the mold a center rod of soft metal which in the final ingot produces the soft metal cast-in bar 9 indicated in Fi s. 3, 5, 6 and 7 When a is desired j bars or the like, into the ribs ofwhich hard met-a1 cores are to be drawn, the bars which are to be so drawn u into the ribs are of rectangular or other e ongated cross section,

and are placed edgewise or radially, so as an -6 for example in which numerals 8 designate bars which were so placed edgewise in the mold and are still arran ed edgewise in the cast ingot. In reducing Y these ingots'to final form they are rolled in the ordinary manner except that they are rolled only from thesides which these cores 8 face, and from the sides at right angles thereto. I commonly start with bars of octagonal section, though this is not essential,

and work from that section to as uare section and then'to an oval and fina ly to the round ribbed section, the. final pass being between rolls having circular grooves 10 (Fig. 8) at the bases of which areother grooves 11 corresponding to the .ribs to be formed. Care is taken in this final pass that the hard metal cores 8 are presented exactly in registry with these ribbed grooves 11. .The result is that in the final bar these hard steel cores. As the met-a1 cools during.

rolling the hard steel cores become of the same hardness as the soft steel'body, and finally become of greater hardness; and it is doubtless owing to this fact. that it is possible in the final pass for forming the to form ribbed jail roduce ingots such as shown in Figs. 5

ribs 12, to draw the edgewise cores 8 up into these ribs, as shown in Fig. 7.

The soft metal center bars 9 doubtless prevent piping by chilling the molten metal in immediate contact with them and at the same time welding thereto, thus causing solidification to start from the inside as well a as from the outside, and providing a. body of relatively'strong metal to resist the disruptive stresses within the body of the ingot due to solidification at the outside. The rolling takes out whatever internal stresses there may be in the metal due to solidification both from the outside and from the center.

What I claim .is:-

' 1. The process ofproducing composite bars which consists in placing .hard metal bars in a spaced arrangement in .a mold,

ouring softer metal around said bars, 'rolling the resulting ingot to approximate final dimensions while preserving symmetrical form, and finally rollingat a lower temper-- ature into ribbed form, with certainof, said harder metal bars 0 posite thelpositions for said ribs, and there y drawing such harder metal bars into the ribs so formed.

2.. The process of producing composite ribbed bars which consists in placing hard metal bars in a spaced arrangement in a mold-,pouring soft metal around said bars,

rolling-the resulting ingotat a comparas I tively high temperature and-thereby producing symmetrical reduction of the joined metals, and subsequentlylcompleting thereduction at a lower temperature, the bar being, rolled with certain of said included hard "metal bars opposite rib-forming grooves of such rolls, and by the rib-formmg action of such grooved rolls drawing such hardmetal bars up into the ribs thus A formed.- I I 3. The process of producing composite ribbed bars which consists in placing hard metal bars in a spaced arrangement in a mold, certain of said bars which are to be included in the ribs when formed, being of elongated section and being placed with their edges toward theside of the mold, pouring soft metal around said bars, and rolling the resulting ingot in a'plurality of passes, the last pass being between grooved rib-forming rolls, with the edgewise included hard metal bars opposite the positions for the ribs, whereby such hard metal bars are drawn up into the ribs so formed.

4. The process of producing composite I ribbed bars which consists in placing hard metal barsin a spaced arrangement in a mold, certain of said bars which are to be included in the ribs when formed, being of eldngated section and being placed with their edges toward the side of the mold, pouring soft metal around said bars, and

rolling the resulting ingot in a plurality of passes on the sides nearest such edgewise turned bars, and on the sides at right angles thereto, the final pass being between grooved rib-forming rolls, with the edgewis'e included hard metal bars opposite the positions for the ribs, whereby such hard metal bars are drawn up into the ribs so formed.

5. The herein. described process of producing composite jail bars and the like, which consists in placing in a suitable mold in spaced arrangement a series of cores of hard metal, said cores relatively arranged in the outline of a closed figure inclosing acentral space, pouring molten softer metal into said mold and about said bars and within the space inclosed thereby, and finally working down the ingot so formed.

6. The herein described process of producing composite jail bars and the like, which consists in placing in a suitable mold a series of cores of hard metal in a s aced arrangement in the form of a closed figure inclosing a central space, and further placing in the mold a soft metal bar in a position -approximating the center of the ingot to be formed, pourin softer metal into said mold and about sai bars, and finally working down the ingot so formed.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

FERDINAND E. CANDA. Witnesses:

ALPHoNsE KLoH, H. M. MARBLE.

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