US108292A - Improvement in looms - Google Patents

Description

@initrd States 'latent (tithe.

WILLIAM J. PORTER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND VILLIAM CROSS, 0E JERSEY CITY NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO EDWARD H. yFAULKNER. OF NE\V YORK CITY.

Letters Patent No. 108,292, dated October 11, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN Looms.

To all whom 'it may concern Be 't known that we, WILLIAM J. PORTE/n, of the city, county, and State of New York, and WILLIAM Caoss, of Jersey City, in the county ot Hudson and State of New Jersey, `hare invented certai'n new and useful Improvements in Looms for fearing Hair- Oloth; and we do hereby declare' that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

We supply the horse-hairs separately, by hand, using a warp of cotton or other suitable material, and drawing the hairs separately across Yto form the filling. The loom may be worked by the feet or by power, but we will describe it as operated by the feet, alone.

We use a simple jacquard, in the reversed position. .lwo treadles are employed. The movement of the same `treadle draws the hook, with its horse-hairs, across the warp, andA closes the shed, theoperation being timed so that it is closed justas the hook escapes. r

The novelty in our invention consists in a peculiar mode of connectingr and operating the hook, and in facilitating and expediting the opening of the shed. The shed opens instantly in advance of the movement of the treadles or other ordinary actuating mesh-- a'nism, so that the hook, which, on being withdrawn, escapes from the selvage, with the warps just closing, returns to find the shed wide open, and ready to allow the hook to be inserted with certainty.

fe will proceed to describe what we consider the best 'means ofcarrying out our invention.

The accompanying drawing forms a part of this specification, and represents the novel parts of our loom, with so much of the otherparts as is necessary to indicate their relation thereto.

Similar lett-ers of reference indicate like parts in all the figures. l

Figurel is a front elevation, with the cloth-beam `partially broken away, to show the work in the rear;

Figure 2 is a side elevation; and

Figure 3 is a view of a port-ion.

Referring to the figures- A is the fixed flame-work of the loom, which may be of wood or metal.

B B are the warps, led from rear to front, and adapted to be operated by harness, as will be obvious.

l) is t-he lay, and performs its usual function of beating up each hair of the weft, and returning again to allow the next hair to be received. l

We use the term shed i in its ordinary significance, to mean the space formed by the elevation of a portion of the warps,'by the working of the harness; but we operate the harness to open the shed more rapidly than usual.

G is the hook, which is, by preference,provided with a small roller, not represented, to vdiminish the fric-` tion of the' hair as it is drawn rapidly through it, placing the hairin position between the warps. The hook is worked by a positive motion, as will presently be detailed.

When the loom is worked slowly, the hook is traversed -backward and forward through the shed slowly, the shed closes slowly, and the lay comes forward to strike the hair; thus introduced, slowly and gently, and returns again with a similarly moderate motion; but the opening of the shed is always rapid. Then the proper period has arrived, the harnesses which are to be'clevated, as determined by the jacquard, are lifted almost instantaneously to their full height. E represents, collectively, the mass ot' mechanism known as the jacquard.` It is adapted to give a sutliciently long train of motions 'to-'provide for all the ordinary varieties of twill, or the like, which is required in this class'of goods* The machine may be worked very rapidly, the hairs being supplied in the ordinary manner, by introducing them singly into the hook C by hand, in the manner heretofore employed in effecting this class of work.

It being premised that the parts which we shall denominate treadles, or parts equivalent in function thereto, may be worked by power, if preferred, we'will describe the operating by the. foot.

The attendant sits in the ordinary position at the front of the loom, with the right foot on the treadle J and the left foot on the treadle I, depressing them alternately.

The strap of leather t, from the treadle I, and the strap of leather j, from the treadle J, are wound partiall y or entirely around the rocking shaft F, mounted `transverselyabove, and being wound in opposite directions, it follows that, as 'the treadlesare alternately depressed and released, the shaft F effects about a half revolution alternately, in opposite directions.

A crank-pin., f, mounted eccentrieally on the overhanging end of this rocking shaft F, is connected by a rod, G, tothe lay D.

lhe hook is worked in a manner somewhat corresponding,- but with au importapt modification in the mechanism, which causes it to remain a considerable period at rest in its withdrawn position. The rockshaft, for this purpose, is mounted fore-and-aft of the loom, as represented by H.

It is connected by leather straps j to the treadles I and J, and is rocked by their motion, but tora greater extent than the rock-shaft F. It should perform about two-thirds of aeomplete revolution.

A crank-pin, Il, carried on an arm on the front end ofthe rock-shaft H, has considerable throw, as represented. It is through the agency of this pin, which is rapidly swept around in a large are in opposite directions, that the proper motion and rest is given to the hook.

. The hook C is fixed ou a slide-block, c, carried ou' parallel ways, Ah, It is also guided by passing through a hole in the frame-work, at A2, so" that it is thrust in throughthe shed,'and withdrawn again in a strictlystraight lline, without requiring any further support.

K is a slotted lever turning on a fixed pin, k, in the frame-work below. f

L is a connection from a pin, k', fixed near the center of this lever K, and connecting fit. to a pin, m, on a sliding bar, M, which is support-ed in bearings A, in the frame-work, so that it is capable only of a direct motion toward one side and the other of the machine.

The end of the slide M opposite the connection L is formed, as represented,- with an extended slot, curved at its lower end, and straight upv and down at its upper end, as indicated by m. In'this slot is re` ceivedthe pin h, before described. At each rocking motion of the shaft H the pin h traverses rapidly from one end to the other of this slot m'.

It will nowbe seen that each depression of' the treadle' J causes the pin h,.in its sweep to the right, to move the slidc- M, and, consequently, the hook O to the right, and to hold it thereat rest; that is to say, it compels the hook C to perform its extreme movement to ther-ight, while/the pin h is describing only a part of its arc.

During the latterportion of the'travcrse of the pin h, 4it'moves in the-curved portion of the slot '/m, and this curve is exactly concentric with the'axis o f the rock-shaftI-I. It follows that, on the depression of the trea'dle J, the pin h first moves the slide M to the extreme right, (meantime, it is moving down in 'a straight portion'of the slot m',) and afterward it holds the slide M still in its extreme' right position, (and,

meanwhile, traversing itself idly downward in the curved portion of the slot m.) \Vhen the 't-readle'I. is depressed, and the treadle J is correspondingly raised, the reverse of these motions occurs.

Q'lhe same movement of the treadles operates` the lay D, through the rock-shaft F, lnore directly, and

. without the interpos itionof anysuch provision for a delay in the movement. As thehook C moves to the right, the lay moves forward, but in different times. The hook moves to the right rapidly, restsjthere a time, and then moves to the -left again rapidly. The lay, meantime., has come fblward, and struck the last hair of the weft, and returned again ont of the way, by reason of its motion being more rapid in this part of its course. The delay provided, during which the hook rests in its extreme withdrawuor right-hand position, allows the lay to perform its f'nnction'and return without obstruction.

If theharnesses were operated with the slow motion of' the' treadles, the shed, on the arrival of the hook G to perform a new traverse across the warp, would bc only partially opened, and the hook, by making afalse thrust, might get above the threads of the upper portion ofthe warp. 'lo avoid this evil, we introduce mechanism at the rear, which causes the shed to open almost instantaneously, by theforce ofa spring or weight, and its opening motion commences before the extreme depression o f the treadle J ,"and, consequently, before the f'ull stroke of the lay Dis effected.

We consider it unnecessary to represent in minute 'details all the complicatedmechanism known as the jacquard, or to describe the modifications which we employ in our simple form.

1t will be sufficient to explain that the jacquard performs the 4function (for which it is used in many other looms) of indicating which harnesses shall be raised, while the power tocffect the operation is transmitted through other parts, which are plainly represented.

P is a rocking shaft mounted in the framevork, as represented, and provided with slotted arms, P2 P2, which engage with and operate the ytrap-board to perform its usual functions.

The arm Pl, weighted or drawn down by a spring, or by'both, sinks rapidly when allowed so toy do, and, consequently, the front arms l2 I2 are lifted suddenly to open the shed.

R is a string leading upward from the arm P, over a pulley, r, mounted in the position represented, and extending from thence downward to a beveled hook, T, which is confined loosely in a vertical casing, open at one side, as indicated by A".

The extreme back end of the treadle J is beveled, and is adapted to act against the beveled hook T.

When the treadle J rises, its beveled face, striking the beveled faceof the hook T, presses it back into the Acasing \A, against a gentle force exerted by a string, t, shown vin dotted lines, which may be of ru-bber, or may beactuated by a weight` or spring. The treadle J thus gets Aabove the hook T. Now, on its being depressed,.it carries with it the hook T, and thus, through the connections represented, lifts the arm Pl and closes the'shed. This operation we have before referred .to as being necessarily positive, and dependent lon 4the time of the other Ymotions of -thc loom.

1t is important that the shed should not close before the hook G is withdrawn,l or' the hook might disturb thc warps. And it is equally important that the shed shall not remain `anyappreciable time after the hook is withdrawn, because it would allowA the hair to crinklc up and curl, and impair -.the perfection of the goods. The positive connection, during the closing, allows the timing to be effected relatively to the motion of the hook, with any required degree of delicacy. c

Now, when the shed is closed, and thehook is withdrawn and commences its period of' remaining stationary in its extreme right position, and while the lay is performing its function 0f pressing the` hair firmly' into its place to form a portion of thc cloth,

Ythe level Pl is suddenly liberated, and allowed to descend rapidly, and open the shed widely and instantaneously, for the next round of' operation. This is effected by thc sudden liberation of' the hook T from the treadle J.

The-depression of the treadle J, when it has reached a certain point near or not quite to its extreme lowest position, brings the beveled face of the hook T in preferred, or it may form a fixed part of the framing of the loom; It is suflicient that t'stands in the p ath of the hook T, and presses it to the right as it de- Immediately onvits disengagement, it risesslackening the string R, and allowing the proper harnesses to be instantly lifted, and the shed to be opened, as above described.

Although we have represented our loom as introducing hairs into the warp by means of the hook G, served by hand, and operated' by the peculiarmotion hereinl represented, and esteem this an important part of our nvention, a portion of the benefit of our .n vention can be made available by using our means for quick opening of the shed, in connection with a s'lruttleT operated by any suitable mechanism, and supplied with hairs by a self-server or by hand, or in any other way. \Ve can also luse a selfrserver in connection with our hook C, 'operated as ldescribed.

iVe are aware that many previous modifications of carrying devices for introducing hairs, and of jacquards for operating harnesses, have been before in use, and we do not claim the details of our mechanism', nor, again, do we confine ourselves to the precise form and contact with a stop, A5, which may be adjustable, if

scends sufficiently to disengage it from the treadle J'.

arrangement of the parts; but having now fully described our improvement,

We claim, as en improvement in looms for horsehair and analogous weaving- A 1. The J@readies I J, opera-ting both the Warp mech- :mism and the illing-hook, as shown, when the crank- `pin h, on the rocking shaft: H, travels in the curved f slot m', in the hook-slide M, so as to induce the proper periods of rest and motion, all substantially as herein set forth.

2. The catch T and treadle J, combined with the tmp-board, or its equivalent, for governing the harness mechanism, :Lnd operating as represented, to open i the shed rapidly in advance of the return motion of the treadles. Y

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our names in presence of two subscribing witnesses".

' WM. J. PORTER.

WILLIAM GROSS. Witnesses:

G. '0. Llvmes, WM. O. DEY.

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