US1082136A - Steam-generator. - Google Patents

Description

E. PIELOGK.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED mums, 1912,

Patented Dec. 23, 1913.

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E. PIELOGK. STEAM GENERATOR. A PPLIOATION FILED .nmzs, 1912.

Patented Dec. 23, 1913.

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COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPII C0-.WAHINOTON. n. c.

E. PIELOCK.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 23, 1912.

Patented Dec. 23, 1913.

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EDUARD PIELOCK, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 23,1913.

Application filed January 23, 1912. Serial No. 672,934.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDUARD PIELOOK, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and resident at Landshuterstrasse 14, Berlin, W, Germany, have invented a certain new and useful Steam-Generator, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam generators and to a method of completely utilizing the heating gases and it is the object of the present invention to provide improved means whereby to achieve the said method in a more efficient manner.

It is a well known fact that the utilization of the heating gases in most steam generator constructions is unsatisfactory, especially so when the heating surfaces are subjected to very heavy working conditions. Locomotive boilers, which generally work at 40 kg. steam generation per sq. no. heating surface per hour, have on an average an efficiency of 55%. With low working conditions the efiiciency increases but the steam generation becomes mostly insuflicient for the actual requirements. In many instances especially for ships boilers, the allotted space is an important factor because the smallest location must serve for the most eflicient steam generating plant. Conversely the working conditions of the heating surfaces must be improved as compared with existing arrangements, and a better utilization of the heat from the furnace gases must be provided for.

To obtain a more perfect utilization and combustion of the furnace gases, according to this invention, means are adopted for constantly mixing these gases along their whole path as far as is possible and particularly in higher temperatures. By proceeding in this manner, the cooler gases are mixed with hotter gases and therefore have a better eifect in giving up heat, while, moreover, incompletely oxidized gases or deoxidized gases become more completely oxidized or re-oxidized as the case may be.

An effective mixture can, according to this invention, be attained by causing the gases to become alternately compressed and then forcibly expanded. The compression is best attained by forcing same through a minimum opening or restricted portion of very short length so as to keep the resistance as low as possible. The forcible expansion can be attained, for example, by placing tubes in the fire tube at the rear of each restricted portion. For mixing the gases, they can also be repeatedly diverted from their straight path. In steam generators, which have a chamber between the fire box and the multitubular boiler, a deflecting wall may be provided so as to facilitate consumption of smoke and separate solids from the fire gases. For generators having a vertical fire box, the latter may advantageously be surrounded with steeply inclined heating tubes to receive the gases previously deflected from their straight path in the fire box. The gases issuing from the heating tubes are advantageously led into a chamber to intermix and thence flow through a further series of tubes in another direction.

Steam generators, having a horizontal fire-box, should have its flue-tube tapering down toward the rear but always in combination with the aforesaid features.

Various forms of the improved steam generators are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a locomotive boiler, Fig. 2 is a vertical section of an upright steam generator. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a modified generator, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a horizontal generator, Figs. 5,6, 7 and 9 are longitudinal sections of variously obstructed flue tubes, Fig. 8 is a crosssection of the tube shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the tube shown in Fig. 9.

Referring to Fig. 1, the locomotive boiler comprises an upright fire-box a and a horizontal multi-tubular boiler Z) with an intervening chamber 0. The gases from the fire grate (Z are compressed through a restricted portion 6 in the interior of the firebox and are then divided up by superposed tubes f and expanded in the upper space G to be again compressed in the restricted passage ll leading into the comparatively large chamber 0 in which the wall 2' causes a twofold change of direction of flow and a renewed expansion of the gases before being divided into separate currents by the tubes 7:. The wall 2' is made of fire-bricks which become incandescent and insure the consumption of smoke and the separation of solids from the gases, said solids collecting in the lower space Z, so that the tubes 70 are kept clean and sparks from the chimney are avoided.

In the upright generator, shown in Fig. 2, the gases from the furnace in pass through restricted portions up against the wall a whence they are deflected into inclined downwardly leading flame tubes and are again deflected before collecting in the smoke box 0 for heating the boiler walls. With this construction, a comparatively small base of furnace enables the best effects of heating to be insured. A similar system is adopted with the construction shown in Fig. 8, but the gases are further directed from the chamber w into a series of vertical flame tubes 10. The gases in the chamber 00 mix again and are once more deflected and this without coming into useless contact with external cooling surfaces, such as is the case in Fig. 2 during their passage along the chamber 0.

The horizontal generator, shown in Fig. 4c, is equally arranged for carrying the aforesaid method into effect. The smooth or corrugated furnace tube is cylindrical and of suitable diameter for the required grate. As the combustion gases normally tend to pass straight into the chimney, and it is therefore necessary to force the gases into contact with the heating surfaces of the generator in order to utilize all their heat. This cannot be effected in smooth cylindrical flue tubes, and the gases take about the direction shown by the line 79 so that over a large part of the lower portion of the flue tube no clirect heat is given ofi. Flue tubes of this description have been made with stepped portions, but even these do not co-nduce to the complete utilization of the heat from the gases. For this purpose, the gases must be alternately compressed and split up, and this is carried out in tubes constructed as follows: The tube 9, containing the grate and fire bridge 1 has a restriction at the rear of the bridge so that the fire gases become split by the tube 8 and compressed by the restriction 6, then again split by the tube .9 then compressed by the restriction 2?, split by .9 compressed by the restriction t split by 8 compressed by 25 and so forth throughout the length of the flue tube. The cross-sections of t, 6 t t and so forth as well as the flue tube are of gradually reduced diameter to correspond with the gradual cooling of the gases. For this purpose the tube is made of graduated sections 0), e '0 o and so on. The method applied to the firebox as shown in the Figs. 1-4, can also be carried into effect in the flame tubes of multi-tubular boilers as shown in Figs. 51(). These tubes are fitted with rings a which retain intermediate longitudinal bars 6 of stepwise or wavy form. The bars Z2 may be interlaced as shown in Fig. 10 so as to more efiectually split up the gases as well as compress same repeatedly altering their direction.

I claim:

1. In a boiler, a fire box provided with side walls and a top having a centrally disposed opening, a flue extending from said opening and having an enlarged portion located above the opening, the upper end of said flue being constricted, a chamber located above the upper end of said fiue, a water chamber surrounding said fire box, flue and chamber, said water chamber being provided with an outer wall and the walls of the fire box, fiue and first mentioned chamber forming the inner wall of the water chamber, downwardly directed fire tubes leading from the first mentioned chamber through the water chamber, and a water tube extending transversely through said flue.

2. In a boiler, a fire box provided with side walls and a top having a centrally disposed opening, a fiue extending from said opening and having an enlarged portion located above the opening, the upper end of said flue being constricted, a chamber located above the upper end of said fine, a water chamber surrounding said fire box, flue and chamber, said water chamber being provided with an outer wall and the walls of the fire box, flue and first mentioned chamber forming the inner wall of the water chamber, downwardly directed tubes leading from the first mentioned chamber through the water chamber, a water tube extending transversely through said fiue, a mixing chamber at the lower ends of said fire tubes, and vertical fire tubes leading upward through said water chamber from said mixing chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

EDUARD PIELOCK.

WVitnesses HENRY I Lasrxn, WOLDEMAR HAurT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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