US10795036B2 - Gamma-ray imaging - Google Patents
Gamma-ray imaging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10795036B2 US10795036B2 US15/313,101 US201515313101A US10795036B2 US 10795036 B2 US10795036 B2 US 10795036B2 US 201515313101 A US201515313101 A US 201515313101A US 10795036 B2 US10795036 B2 US 10795036B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- mask
- masks
- mask apparatus
- coded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWUZMTJBRUASOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium tellanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Cd].[Te] QWUZMTJBRUASOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011824 nuclear material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002603 single-photon emission computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRIJWFBRWPCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium iodide Chemical compound [Sr+2].[I-].[I-] KRIJWFBRWPCESA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
- G21K5/10—Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2921—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras
- G01T1/295—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions; Radio-isotope cameras using coded aperture devices, e.g. Fresnel zone plates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/167—Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
-
- G01V5/0016—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/10—Scattering devices; Absorbing devices; Ionising radiation filters
Definitions
- the invention pertains to radiation detection and more particularly to a compressed sensing gamma-ray or neutron imaging device using a single detector and coded masks.
- Gamma-ray imaging is an important radiation detection capability that can provide the location and identity of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides.
- Gamma-ray imaging can be utilised in many applications, including but not limited to: decommissioning, decontamination, environmental monitoring (i.e. site surveys, mining surveys), medical imaging (SPECT), astronomy and national security applications (i.e. search for illicit radiological & nuclear material).
- gamma-ray imaging techniques rely on either focusing an image onto very expensive arrays of detectors or slowly raster scanning a single detector across the image plane. The expense of pixelated detector arrays or slow speeds of raster scanning systems are often prohibitive. Unlike optical photons, which are easily focused, the highly penetrating nature of gamma-ray photons make them very difficult to focus.
- Gamma-ray imaging systems that use pixelated detector arrays typically use a single pinhole, multiple pinhole or planar coded aperture optics. These systems are used to form an image or an encoded image on the detector array. The use of pinhole and coded aperture optics has been around for decades in astronomy and medical applications. The fields of view of these types of imaging systems are approximately 30°-40° in the horizontal or vertical direction.
- Rotating Modulation Collimators first introduced by Mertz in 1967, typically use two masks with parallel slits that run the entire length of the mask. When the masks are rotated, the projection of the front mask appears to orbit the rear mask with respect to the source. The rotation of the masks creates a modulated count pattern at the detector that depends on the number of sources, source intensity, location and size.
- the RMC has a number of draw backs, including: a single RMC has difficulty imaging extended sources, it has a small field of view, when using a single RMC it is impossible to distinguish a source on the central axis of rotation. See, B. R. Kowash, A Rotating Modulation Imager for the Orphan Source Search Problem , PhD Thesis, 2008
- the Compressed Sensing approach can produce images with a fraction of the measurements (when compared to traditional imaging techniques) and enables low cost (single detector) system options to be realised.
- Single pixel imaging systems based on compressed sensing, have been recently developed for optical, infra-red and THz wavelengths. See, R. G. Baraniuk et al, Method and Apparatus for Compressive Imaging Device, U.S. Pat. No. 8,199,244 B2, 2012.
- a terahertz imaging system uses a single pixel detector in combination with a series of random masks to enable high-speed image acquisition.
- W. L. Chan et al A Single - Pixel Terahertz Imaging System Based on Compressed Sensing , Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, 2008. These single pixel imaging systems all use some sort of lens to focus an image and then use random compressive measurements to sample the image plane. However, it should be possible to perform compressive measurements when sampling the scene plane rather than forming an image and then sampling.
- Huang et al have taken this approach and describe a single pixel optical imaging system that requires no lens. They use an aperture assembly to randomly sample the scene and at no stage form a ‘traditional’ image.
- G. Huang et al Lensless Imaging by Compressive Sensing, 2013.
- the present invention overcomes shortcomings of the prior gamma-ray imaging approaches by designing a system around the principles of compressed sensing.
- an imaging apparatus comprising a single detector surrounded by one or more rotating masks.
- the masks are cylindrical, hemispherical, or segments of spheres, or spheres.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single detector, mask and 270 degree shield.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the single detector, mask and shield of FIG. 1 , showing additional top and bottom shields
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single detector and two nested, rotating cylindrical masks.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single detector and two concentric masks showing alignment and tapering of apertures.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram two concentric masks showing moving slots as an aperture system.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mask having floating elements bonded to a substrate.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a single detector and two concentric hemispherical masks above a common plane.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of nested spherical masks.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operation of the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a coded mask with separate gamma-ray and neutron blocking elements.
- a single gamma-ray detector 10 is located at the centre of a mask 11 that encircles or encloses the detector 10 .
- the detector is located centrally of the mask or masks preferably the detector occupies a centre or axis or rotation of the mask 11 .
- a cylindrical or spherical mask 11 may be used. Although a non-central detector position can be used, it will have a slightly different field of view. More than one detector 12 , 13 can be used and these additional detectors can be in different positions. Using multiple detectors can reduce the imaging time.
- An optional cylindrical or other radiation shield 14 may have an arcuate opening 15 for limiting the field of view to an arc defined by the opening 15 .
- the mask 11 may be indexed or rotated by a stepper motor driven turntable 19 or directly geared stepper motor 20 or otherwise to suit the coded mask or optic methodology being employed.
- stepper motors 20 , gearing 21 and a control computer 22 having for example display and print capabilities for generating an image from the collected and processed data, the data collection and coordinated motion/rotation of the mask can be automated.
- the motion of the mask may be in discrete steps or in a continuous movement.
- the top and bottom usually need to be covered by a shield 16 , 17 , so that the only radiation reaching the detector is through the open apertures 18 of the mask 11 that are not otherwise shielded.
- the compressed sensing gamma-ray imager may be used in conjunction with any gamma-ray sensitive sensor 10 , 12 , 13 .
- the typical gamma-ray detector systems based on materials such as Sodium Iodide (NaI), Caesium Iodide (CsI), Bismuth Germanate (BGO), Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT), High Purity Germanium (HPGe), Strontium Iodide (SrI 2 ) and CLYC may be used.
- Spectroscopic detectors that determine the energy of each measured photon can be used to identify the radionuclide being imaged.
- Non-spectroscopic detectors that just record gross counts will provide general information on radiation hotspots.
- Other radiation detection equipment, such as dose rate meters could be used as the sensor and in this case would map the dose in the field of view.
- the preferred embodiment uses a spectroscopic detector that measures the energy of each gamma-ray photon detected.
- the photon count values from any particular energy bin or energy bin range can be used as the observed data from a set of measurements.
- the reconstruction of observed photon count data for a given peak region of interest e.g. the 60 keV 241 Am line
- the reconstruction of observed photon data for additional regions of interest can give the location of additional radionuclides.
- a compressed sensing neutron imager may be used in conjunction with any neutron sensitive sensor or sensors 10 , 12 , 13 .
- Dual modality sensors 10 , 12 , 13 may be used to measure the modulation of both the gamma-rays and neutrons.
- Mask pattern openings or apertures are preferably arranged in rows and columns.
- the location of mask pattern openings 18 may, for example, be produced randomly. For example, in a 16 ⁇ 16 possible aperture mask there are a total of 256 numbered apertures. A random number generator is used to randomly select 128 of the aperture numbers between 1 and 256. These 128 numbers are then set to be the open apertures. The remaining 128 locations (from the original 256 numbers) are set as zero (closed). This provides a mask pattern that is 50% open. For rotational masks, where the mask columns are indexed or rotated, the random selection of open/closed apertures may be made for each row rather than the whole mask. This would ensure that each mask row is 50% (for example) open and would prevent situations where a row has too many or too few open apertures, which may impact on the image reconstruction.
- the geometry of the system will define the spatial resolution.
- the aperture size should preferably be equal to or greater than the detector dimensions.
- a system may have apertures 18 with dimensions of 0.5 cm ⁇ 0.5 cm and the cross-sectional area of the detector should also be 0.5 cm ⁇ 0.5 cm or less. The further away the detector is from the mask, then the better the spatial resolution.
- Detectors with dimensions larger than those of the aperture may be used, however, for this case there will be an increased overlap between the fields of view of adjacent apertures. This overlap (which is a degradation/blurriness in the spatial resolution) can be removed by deconvolving the response function of the mask.
- the preferred aperture cross-sectional shape is square.
- the preferred number of apertures is a power of 2 (i.e. 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024), although it is not essential. It is preferred that there be minimal or no separation between the mask apertures.
- the thickness of the mask will depend on the application. For the imaging of high energy photons (for example the 1.3 MeV photons from 60 Co) a total mask thickness of 2 cm of lead would attenuate approximately 72% of the 1.3 MeV photons.
- the mask materials are made from a body material that can sufficiently modulate the intensity of the incoming radiation.
- the materials will typically be high in atomic number (Z) and high in density, which would absorb (attenuate) the gamma-ray radiation.
- Typical materials could include but not be limited to tungsten, lead, gold, tantalum, hafnium and their alloys or composites (i.e. 3D printing—mixing tungsten powder with epoxy).
- low to medium Z materials such as steel, are sufficient to modulate the photon intensity.
- the mask material will attenuate the photons in order to modulate the photon intensity.
- Other embodiments may use other interaction mechanisms, such as Compton scattering, if they show an appreciable modulation in photon intensity.
- Neutron mask body materials may include but not be limited to: Hafnium, Gadolinium, Cadmium, Boron doped materials, Hydrogen rich materials and their combinations.
- Masks may be designed from materials that would enable the modulation of both gamma-rays and neutrons.
- a single material such as Hafnium may be suitable to modulate the intensity of both gamma-rays and neutrons.
- Use of multiple materials, for example, a combination of Tungsten and Cadmium, may be suitable to modulate the intensities of both gamma-rays and neutrons.
- the open apertures, for the gamma-ray mask may consist of some hydrogen rich material which does not influence the modulation of the gamma-ray intensity. These hydrogen rich apertures would then represent the closed apertures or modulating regions for the neutron mask.
- these mask materials could be used to modulate the intensity of any EM wavelength (i.e. optical, infrared, THz etc) or any particle (i.e. electrons, protons etc).
- a coded mask is capable of modulating both gamma-rays and neutrons separately, that is, some mask regions being used to block gamma-rays only and some mask regions being used to block neutrons only.
- one sub-set of mask regions 91 (represented in solid black) are fabricated from a material that modulates gamma-rays only.
- Another sub-set of mask regions 92 (represented in white) modulates only neutron and not gamma-rays.
- Masks of this type may be fabricated in accordance with any of the techniques and materials, shapes or configurations disclosed by or suggested by this specification.
- Masks may be singular or multiple and nested, rectangular, circular, arcuate, hemispherical or spherical. Consecutive measurements required for coded mask sensing will require a new mask pattern obtained by replacing a current mask with a new one or using some form of rotation of the mask or masks. Flat mask shapes will have a limited field of view as they are only looking in the forward direction, with the field of view angle determined by the detector and mask geometry.
- arcuate, cylindrical or spherical masks are possible.
- Current commercially available pinhole/coded aperture gamma-ray cameras have horizontal and vertical FOV between approximately 30° and 40°.
- An upright cylindrical mask embodiment would have a horizontal FOV of 360°
- a hemispherical mask embodiment would have a 2 ⁇ FOV
- a spherical mask embodiment would have a near 4 ⁇ FOV.
- Other embodiments may include but not be limited to: ellipsoid, cone, cuboid or hexagonal shaped masks.
- the rotation of the mask by one column would constitute a new mask pattern viewing the desired FOV for a new measurement.
- a radiation shield can be used to restrict the FOV and therefore have a large number of columns to enable more measurements (see FIG. 2 ).
- the down side to the single cylindrical mask approach is that more columns are required to perform more measurements, which increases the diameter of the cylinder and the physical size of the whole system.
- an approach utilising a nested or mask within a mask (or dual or multiple mask approach), where each mask body 35 , 36 can move or be indexed by the computer 22 independently, enables far more measurements from the number of possible combinations of the two mask patterns.
- the dual mask approach would consist of a cylinder within a cylinder (see FIG. 3 ). Each mask is rotated independently in the manner suggested for a single mask in FIG. 2 about a sensing axis or imaging axis along which a detector may be located. The large number of mask patterns (and therefore measurements) would allow for a more compact system (less total columns in one cylinder) that could image a 360° FOV.
- the combined open fraction of the mask may approximate 50%, but there will be a variation in this as the masks are rotated.
- One mask may be indexed in rotation angle for a full revolution before the other mask is indexed by a single column, thus generating a number of virtual masks, being the number of columns squared.
- the masks are counter-rotated by one column in an alternating or non-alternating arrangement. Each virtual mask is used for a radiation measurement before the next mask is generated. Each mask need only rotate in one direction.
- the cross-sectional or projected shape of the mask apertures may include but not be limited to: square, rectangular, circular, triangular and hexagonal. There may or may not be separation between the mask apertures. In a preferred embodiment of a single mask system, the mask aperture shape is square.
- the dimensions and orientation of the inner 30 and outer mask 31 may be different, such that they are tapered 32 (but aligned as to their edges) to produce the same FOV for both the inner and outer masks relative to the detector 33 .
- the 3 dimensional shapes of these apertures 34 may include but not be limited to a trapezoidal prism and a cone.
- the open apertures may be formed through the overlapping of continuous open structures, in the form of spiral lines 41 or some other structure on one mask and another shape such as a vertical slit 43 on the other mask. Rotation of the masks 42 , 44 relative to one another produces a coded aperture.
- the mask pattern may be random, pseudo-random, non-random or deterministic in design.
- the mask pattern will typically be required to meet the defined conditions for compressed sensing to work.
- a representation of the mask pattern, in matrix form, will be used in the reconstruction process.
- the sensing matrix used in the reconstruction may be a Circulant or Toeplitz matrix, which may provide a faster computational time.
- a pseudo-random mask pattern is generated where each mask element has an equal probability to be either 1 (open—100% transmission) or 0 (closed—0% transmission).
- the percentage transmission for a closed mask element should be some value less than 100%, for example, preferably 0% but a transmission of 50% will still be enough to effectively modulate the intensity to reconstruct an image.
- the percentage transmission relates to the increased penetrating nature of higher energy gamma-rays.
- a closed mask element consisting of 10 mm lead may have 0% transmission for 60 keV gamma-ray photons, but its percentage transmission may be approximately 53% for 1332 keV gamma-ray photons.
- transmission percentages for the open and closed apertures are too close together to modulate the photon intensity enough to reconstruct an image.
- transmission percentages of 100% and 90%, for open and closed apertures respectively may be too close together for sufficient modulation in the photon intensity.
- There may be more than two levels of transmission within the mask for a given energy for example, three levels of transmission may be 33%, 66% and 100%.
- the levels of transmission may cover two or more levels between 0% and 100%.
- the sensing matrix values may be the attenuation values for particular gamma-ray energies. Different attenuation values and therefore different sensing matrices may be used for reconstructions at different gamma-ray energies.
- the mask pattern for any shape mask may be generated such that mask structure is self-supporting.
- mask patterns with an array of floating or unattached “closed” elements 50 are fixed, adhered or attached to a non-masking substrate 51 .
- the radiation opaque mask elements 50 need not be attached to one another other than by the substrate 51 .
- mask patterns with no floating or unattached “closed” elements 50 may be selected, which would not require a substrate 51 , but would require the outer closed elements 50 to be attached to a common structure.
- the mask or masks may be hemispherical, spherical or a part of a sphere such as a cap above any given secant plane or optionally a segment between two planes.
- FIG. 7 shows two nested and concentric masks in the shape of spherical caps, an inner cap 61 and an outer cap 62 , both being hemispheres with the rims (or lowest rows) of both in a common plane.
- One or both masks 61 , 62 are rotated into data sampling positions wherein the columns 63 , 64 and the rows of both are aligned or in registry when data is sampled or acquired. Both have the same number of columns and rows.
- Each row occupies a zone of a sphere between two parallel planes.
- the inner hemispherical mask 61 is indexed by one column in one direction and the outer mask 62 is indexed or rotated by an angle defined by a single column in the opposite direction, consistent with FIG. 3 .
- Having both masks move simultaneously offers greater variability in which mask elements are open or closed when compared to having one mask stationary and the other mask moving. This arrangement allows for single detector coded mask imaging of the entire space above the plane that includes the rims 65 , 66 .
- FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the use of two masks or optionally two pairs of nested masks 71 , 72 that are spherical and concentric. In this way, all of the space around the central detector or detectors can be imaged.
- Each spherical mask or mask pairing 71 , 72 may be formed from 2 hemispherical masks or mask pairings as shown in FIG. 7 .
- Each mask in the arrangement will have its own drive system comprising a turntable or stepper motor arrangement, driven by the system's computer 22 (See FIG. 2 ).
- the mask design will be dictated by the requirements of the radiological imaging application in question.
- the geometry of the system will influence the system performance such as spatial resolution, FOV and sensitivity.
- the geometrical parameters of importance include: the detector dimensions, the detector to mask distance, the aperture dimensions (i.e. thickness, length and width), the mask to source distance, the septal thickness, the number of mask apertures and the angle subtended from the centre of the detector and two neighbouring mask apertures. For example, a smaller mask aperture will provide a higher spatial resolution.
- the gamma-ray image that is generated after the compressed sensing measurements may be overlayed with an optical image that is registered to the same field of view.
- the neutron image may be overlayed with an optical image.
- the overlayed radiation images with an optical image will help the user to visualise the location of the radiation sources.
- the radiation images may be overlayed with images at any other wavelengths (i.e. infrared).
- a source emits radiation 80 . That radiation 80 passes through a mask or masks 81 as previously disclosed.
- the system's computer 22 causes the detector 10 to operate or takes a reading from an operating detector 82 .
- the detector then transmits a measured value 83 to the computer 22 .
- the computer saves and uses the value and the positioning of the mask or masks to compile data that will be reconstructed into an image.
- the computer then causes the motor or motors controlling the mask or masks to rotate or index to the next measurement position. Radiation then passes through, in effect, a new mask or mask orientation 81 as the process is repeated.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2014901905 | 2014-05-22 | ||
AU2014901905A AU2014901905A0 (en) | 2014-05-22 | Gamma-Ray Imaging | |
PCT/AU2015/000302 WO2015176115A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-22 | Gamma-ray imaging |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2015/000302 A-371-Of-International WO2015176115A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-22 | Gamma-ray imaging |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/015,839 Continuation US11346964B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2020-09-09 | Gamma-ray imaging |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170322327A1 US20170322327A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
US10795036B2 true US10795036B2 (en) | 2020-10-06 |
Family
ID=54553100
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/313,101 Active US10795036B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-22 | Gamma-ray imaging |
US17/015,839 Active 2035-06-25 US11346964B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2020-09-09 | Gamma-ray imaging |
US17/827,321 Active US11754731B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2022-05-27 | Gamma-ray imaging |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/015,839 Active 2035-06-25 US11346964B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2020-09-09 | Gamma-ray imaging |
US17/827,321 Active US11754731B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2022-05-27 | Gamma-ray imaging |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US10795036B2 (es) |
EP (3) | EP4403908A2 (es) |
JP (2) | JP6654578B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR102393273B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN106663489B (es) |
AU (1) | AU2015263838B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2949558C (es) |
DK (1) | DK3146527T3 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2897650T3 (es) |
HU (1) | HUE057042T2 (es) |
LT (1) | LT3146527T (es) |
MX (1) | MX363049B (es) |
PL (1) | PL3146527T3 (es) |
RU (1) | RU2706736C2 (es) |
SG (2) | SG11201609671UA (es) |
UA (1) | UA123038C2 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2015176115A1 (es) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11439358B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2022-09-13 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for high performance and versatile molecular imaging |
US11464503B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2022-10-11 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for localization of targets inside a body |
US11555935B2 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-01-17 | Australian Nuclear Science And Technology Organisation | Compressive imaging method and system comprising a detector, a mask, and a drive for rotating the mask about at least one of one or more axes of rotational symmetry |
US11678804B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2023-06-20 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for tracking and guiding sensors and instruments |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LT3146527T (lt) * | 2014-05-22 | 2022-02-25 | Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation | Gama spindulių vizualizavimas |
GB2530574B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2020-12-02 | Inst Jozef Stefan | Angle-sensitive gamma camera with a rotary obstruction |
US10133936B2 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2018-11-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Active compressive sensing via a thermal sensor for human scenario recognition |
US10586624B2 (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-10 | H3D, Inc. | Control of imaging assembly with interchangeable radiation shielding |
ES2941962T3 (es) | 2018-08-07 | 2023-05-29 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa Inc | Sistema médico de captura de imágenes por tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único y Compton multimodal |
CN109273131B (zh) | 2018-10-31 | 2024-07-02 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 准直器组件和射线检测设备 |
US10948614B2 (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2021-03-16 | H3D, Inc. | Imaging system with one or more mask units and corresponding method of recording radiation |
KR102242971B1 (ko) * | 2019-06-10 | 2021-04-21 | 한국원자력연구원 | 방사성 물질 위치 탐지를 위한 전방향 방사선 탐지 장치 및 그 방법 |
KR102241475B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-04-16 | 한국원자력연구원 | 휴대용 방사선 탐지 장치 및 그 방법 |
KR102341342B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-11 | 2021-12-21 | 한국원자력연구원 | 방사성 오염 물질의 방향 및 거리 정보를 제공하는 휴대용 방사선 탐지 장치 및 그 방법 |
FR3118199B1 (fr) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-12-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif et procédé de localisation de sources de rayonnements ionisants |
TWI817544B (zh) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-10-01 | 中央研究院 | 一種粒子誘發的射線照相系統及3d成像系統 |
WO2023007496A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | Bar Ilan University | Method and system for high photon energies imaging |
KR102533179B1 (ko) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-05-17 | 한전케이피에스 주식회사 | 부호화구경 조립체 및 이를 포함하는 방사선 검출기 |
Citations (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3544800A (en) * | 1968-11-20 | 1970-12-01 | Quantic Ind Inc | Optical apparatus for encoding angular movement of a rotating shaft |
US3799675A (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1974-03-26 | Sanders Associates Inc | Direction determining system |
US4769829A (en) | 1985-02-07 | 1988-09-06 | The Institute Of Cancer Research | CT scanner and detector therefor |
US4885759A (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1989-12-05 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Measurement apparatus employing radiation |
US4995066A (en) | 1988-09-01 | 1991-02-19 | U. S. Philips Corporation | Device for forming an X-ray or gamma beam of small cross-section and variable direction |
US5038370A (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1991-08-06 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Directional variable small cross-sectional X-ray or gamma ray beam generating diaphragm with rotating helical slits |
US5606165A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-02-25 | Ail Systems Inc. | Square anti-symmetric uniformly redundant array coded aperture imaging system |
US6272206B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-08-07 | Perkinelmer Detection Systems, Inc. | Rotatable cylinder dual beam modulator |
US20020075990A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-06-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Coded aperture imaging |
US20060124867A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-15 | Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ion beam profiling |
US20080012750A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-17 | Robert Wayne Austin | Directional alignment and alignment monitoring systems for directional and omni-directional antennas based on solar positioning alone or with electronic level sensing |
US20080240535A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2008-10-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems And Methods For Multi-Modal Imaging |
US20090095912A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2009-04-16 | Slinger Christopher W | Coded aperture imaging system |
US7623614B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2009-11-24 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Apparatus for inspecting objects using coded beam |
US20130021613A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2013-01-24 | The University Of Memphis Research Foundation | Spatially-selective disks, submillimeter imaging devices, methods of submillimeter imaging, profiling scanners, spectrometry devices, and methods of spectrometry |
US20130043375A1 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | Clara BALEINE | Reconfigurable phase change material masks for electro-optical compressive sensing |
US20130052592A1 (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-02-28 | Universite Jean-Monnet | Fabrication method of cylindrical gratings |
US20130207118A1 (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-08-15 | Deyuan Xiao | Light emitting diode and fabrication method thereof |
US8519343B1 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2013-08-27 | U.S. Department Of Energy | Multimode imaging device |
US20160064698A1 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-03 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Optical mask |
US20160220221A1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | The Uab Research Foundation | Apparatuses And Methods For Determining The Beam Width Of A Computed Tomography Scanner |
US20170316916A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compressive scanning spectroscopy |
US20170337060A1 (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-23 | Fujitsu Limited | Information processing apparatus and conversion method |
US10133936B2 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2018-11-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Active compressive sensing via a thermal sensor for human scenario recognition |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050259302A9 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 2005-11-24 | Metz Michael H | Holographic light panels and flat panel display systems and method and apparatus for making same |
JPH0636031B2 (ja) * | 1988-10-31 | 1994-05-11 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 放射型断層撮像装置 |
CA2197706A1 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-08-14 | Peter Ehbets | Method of fabricating apodized phase mask |
US6757422B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2004-06-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Viewpoint position detection apparatus and method, and stereoscopic image display system |
FR2801113B1 (fr) * | 1999-11-15 | 2003-05-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'obtention et source de rayonnement extreme ultra violet, application en lithographie |
FR2879304B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-14 | 2007-01-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif d'imagerie gamma ameliore. |
EP1880524B1 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2013-10-30 | William Marsh Rice University | Method and apparatus for compressive imaging device |
US8133659B2 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2012-03-13 | Brewer Science Inc. | On-track process for patterning hardmask by multiple dark field exposures |
JP2009277712A (ja) * | 2008-05-12 | 2009-11-26 | Canon Inc | 測定装置および露光装置 |
LT3146527T (lt) * | 2014-05-22 | 2022-02-25 | Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation | Gama spindulių vizualizavimas |
US10437083B1 (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2019-10-08 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Individually addressable infrared mask array |
US10109453B2 (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2018-10-23 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Electron beam masks for compressive sensors |
US10170274B2 (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2019-01-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | TEM phase contrast imaging with image plane phase grating |
US11047997B2 (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-06-29 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Rotating scatter mask for directional radiation detection and imaging |
-
2015
- 2015-05-22 LT LTEPPCT/AU2015/000302T patent/LT3146527T/lt unknown
- 2015-05-22 EP EP24173286.6A patent/EP4403908A2/en active Pending
- 2015-05-22 AU AU2015263838A patent/AU2015263838B2/en active Active
- 2015-05-22 CN CN201580031208.2A patent/CN106663489B/zh active Active
- 2015-05-22 MX MX2016015292A patent/MX363049B/es unknown
- 2015-05-22 WO PCT/AU2015/000302 patent/WO2015176115A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-05-22 ES ES15796448T patent/ES2897650T3/es active Active
- 2015-05-22 HU HUE15796448A patent/HUE057042T2/hu unknown
- 2015-05-22 SG SG11201609671UA patent/SG11201609671UA/en unknown
- 2015-05-22 SG SG10201808726RA patent/SG10201808726RA/en unknown
- 2015-05-22 PL PL15796448T patent/PL3146527T3/pl unknown
- 2015-05-22 CA CA2949558A patent/CA2949558C/en active Active
- 2015-05-22 US US15/313,101 patent/US10795036B2/en active Active
- 2015-05-22 DK DK15796448.7T patent/DK3146527T3/da active
- 2015-05-22 KR KR1020167034980A patent/KR102393273B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-05-22 RU RU2016150551A patent/RU2706736C2/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-05-22 JP JP2016568816A patent/JP6654578B2/ja active Active
- 2015-05-22 UA UAA201613168A patent/UA123038C2/uk unknown
- 2015-05-22 EP EP15796448.7A patent/EP3146527B1/en active Active
- 2015-05-22 EP EP21191107.8A patent/EP3944260B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-26 JP JP2019235438A patent/JP6974424B2/ja active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-09 US US17/015,839 patent/US11346964B2/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-05-27 US US17/827,321 patent/US11754731B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3544800A (en) * | 1968-11-20 | 1970-12-01 | Quantic Ind Inc | Optical apparatus for encoding angular movement of a rotating shaft |
US3799675A (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1974-03-26 | Sanders Associates Inc | Direction determining system |
US4769829A (en) | 1985-02-07 | 1988-09-06 | The Institute Of Cancer Research | CT scanner and detector therefor |
US4885759A (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1989-12-05 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Measurement apparatus employing radiation |
US4995066A (en) | 1988-09-01 | 1991-02-19 | U. S. Philips Corporation | Device for forming an X-ray or gamma beam of small cross-section and variable direction |
US5038370A (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1991-08-06 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Directional variable small cross-sectional X-ray or gamma ray beam generating diaphragm with rotating helical slits |
US5606165A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-02-25 | Ail Systems Inc. | Square anti-symmetric uniformly redundant array coded aperture imaging system |
US6272206B1 (en) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-08-07 | Perkinelmer Detection Systems, Inc. | Rotatable cylinder dual beam modulator |
US20020075990A1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-06-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Coded aperture imaging |
US20080240535A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2008-10-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Systems And Methods For Multi-Modal Imaging |
US20060124867A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-15 | Volvo Trucks North America, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ion beam profiling |
US20090095912A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2009-04-16 | Slinger Christopher W | Coded aperture imaging system |
US20080012750A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-17 | Robert Wayne Austin | Directional alignment and alignment monitoring systems for directional and omni-directional antennas based on solar positioning alone or with electronic level sensing |
US7623614B2 (en) | 2006-10-24 | 2009-11-24 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Apparatus for inspecting objects using coded beam |
US20130207118A1 (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2013-08-15 | Deyuan Xiao | Light emitting diode and fabrication method thereof |
US20130021613A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2013-01-24 | The University Of Memphis Research Foundation | Spatially-selective disks, submillimeter imaging devices, methods of submillimeter imaging, profiling scanners, spectrometry devices, and methods of spectrometry |
US8519343B1 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2013-08-27 | U.S. Department Of Energy | Multimode imaging device |
US20130043375A1 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | Clara BALEINE | Reconfigurable phase change material masks for electro-optical compressive sensing |
US20130052592A1 (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2013-02-28 | Universite Jean-Monnet | Fabrication method of cylindrical gratings |
US20160064698A1 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-03 | Samsung Display Co., Ltd. | Optical mask |
US20160220221A1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | The Uab Research Foundation | Apparatuses And Methods For Determining The Beam Width Of A Computed Tomography Scanner |
US20170316916A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compressive scanning spectroscopy |
US20170337060A1 (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-23 | Fujitsu Limited | Information processing apparatus and conversion method |
US10133936B2 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2018-11-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Active compressive sensing via a thermal sensor for human scenario recognition |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
G.K. Skinner: "Coded mask imagers when to use them-and when not," New Astronomy Reviews, vol. 48 No. 1-4, Feb. 1, 2004, pp. 205-208. |
G.K. Skinner: "Coded mask imagers when to use them—and when not," New Astronomy Reviews, vol. 48 No. 1-4, Feb. 1, 2004, pp. 205-208. |
J. Bobin et al. "Compressed Sensing in Astronomy", IEEE J. Sel. Topic in Sig. Proc. 2(5) (2008) 718-726. |
J. L. Starck et al: "Compressed Sensing in Astronomy", Jul. 22, 2008, pp. 1-38, (May 30,2019,11:20 AM) https://convexoptimization.com/TOOLS/CompressSensingAstro.pdf. |
J.L. Starck et al., "Compressed Sensing in Astromony," retrieved from the internet: url:http://convexoptimization.com/TOOLS/CompressSensingAstro.pdf, 38 pages (2008). |
Shen, et al., "Spinning disk for compressive imaging," Optic Letters, vol. 37, No. 1, Jan. 1, 2002 (3 pages). |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11678804B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2023-06-20 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for tracking and guiding sensors and instruments |
US11464503B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2022-10-11 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for localization of targets inside a body |
US11555935B2 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2023-01-17 | Australian Nuclear Science And Technology Organisation | Compressive imaging method and system comprising a detector, a mask, and a drive for rotating the mask about at least one of one or more axes of rotational symmetry |
US11439358B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2022-09-13 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for high performance and versatile molecular imaging |
US11883214B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2024-01-30 | Ziteo, Inc. | Methods and systems for high performance and versatile molecular imaging |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11754731B2 (en) | Gamma-ray imaging | |
US9921173B2 (en) | X-ray diffraction imaging system using debye ring envelopes | |
Liang et al. | Self-supporting design of a time-encoded aperture, gamma-neutron imaging system | |
KR102182318B1 (ko) | 부호화구경 기반 이중입자 영상 융합장치 | |
KR102185504B1 (ko) | 부호화구경 기반 이중입자 영상 융합장치를 이용한 이중입자 영상 융합방법 | |
US7915591B2 (en) | Mask for coded aperture systems | |
Woolf et al. | An active interrogation detection system (ACTINIDES) based on a dual fast neutron/gamma-ray coded aperture imager | |
Brown | Time-encoded thermal neutron imaging using large-volume pixelated CdZnTe detectors | |
CN103995273A (zh) | 一种全景成像装置及探头 | |
KR102182315B1 (ko) | 방사선 영상의 반복적 영상 재구성에 대한 선원 위치 및 강도 정확도의 개선 방법 | |
Liu et al. | Radioactive Source Localization Method for the Partially Coded Field-of-View of Coded-Aperture Imaging in Nuclear Security Applications | |
Clark et al. | A sensitive radiation imaging system having a 360 degree field-of-view | |
Kaissas | Coded Aperture Technique with CdTe Pixelated Detectors for the Identification of the 3D Coordinates of Radioactive Hot-Spots | |
WO2023205597A2 (en) | High-resolution photon-counting radiographic imaging detector | |
CN116953771A (zh) | 高灵敏度三维全景射线成像系统及成像方法 | |
Budden et al. | Lanthanum bromide-based rotational modulation gamma ray imager | |
Clark et al. | A stand-off imager for the location and identification of nuclear threat materials | |
GB2463254A (en) | Radiation detector for determining a direction to a radio-active source | |
Liang et al. | Feasibility Verification of Single Pixel Imaging Based on Rotating Modulation Collimator for Prompt Gamma Imaging | |
Kaissas | Enhanced y-Ray Imaging Utilizing Coded Apertures with Pixelated Detectors |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION, AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BOARDMAN, DAVID;SARBUTT, ADAM;FLYNN, ALISON;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:040395/0962 Effective date: 20150921 Owner name: AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BOARDMAN, DAVID;SARBUTT, ADAM;FLYNN, ALISON;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:040395/0962 Effective date: 20150921 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED -- APPLICATION RECEIVED IN OFFICE OF PUBLICATIONS |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT VERIFIED |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY Year of fee payment: 4 |