US1077039A - Window. - Google Patents

Description

E.P:GHAFFER WINDOW.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, 1905.

Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

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E.P.GHAPFER WINDOW.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 14, 1905. i 1,077,039. Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

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Patented 0013.28, 1913.

| k: |H l HI I I I "I l l I SA s EDWARD FRANK OHAFFEE, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOIt T0 OLIVER 1V1.

- EDWARDS, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

WINDOW.

Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented 0013. 28, 1913.

Application filed January 14, 1905. Serial No. 241,044.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWARD F. Crrarrnn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Albany, in the county of Albany and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Windows, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in windows, and it consists in the novel features, arrangements and combinations of parts hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

My inventionhas reference more especially to the class of railway-car window sashes commonly suspended from a spring roller (of the ordinary Hartshorn type) and equipped wit-h movable stops, actuating springs, links and other cooperating devices, for arresting and holding the window at the proper elevation or elevations, the said spring-roller at times having been given sufficient strength to automatically raise the sash upon the release of the latter and at other times only that strength requisite for about balancing the sash so that the latter may be manually raised with entire convenience.

The object of my invention is to very much simplify and render more positive, efficient and reliable the sash mechanism of railway cars, and especially to dispense with the springs and their cooperating parts and 'many other details necessary to employ in sash mechanism as heretofore constructed and arranged.

In carrying out my invention, in the preferred embodiment, I provide at the inner faces of the two vertical sides of the sash, vertical bars which are suspended from the usual spring roller and which are provided with wedge parts to coiiperate at the proper time with wedge parts formed on the sash, said bars and sash being vertically movable together and capable of limited vertical movement independently of each other, and said bars also being capable, by the action of said cooperating wedge parts induced by the weightof the sash and the upward pull of the spring roller, of pressing the sash against the adjacent surfaces of the window casing with binding effect. I also provide means for manually releasing the bars from their binding position when it is desired to lower the sash and also when it is desired to raise the same. The spring roller is not directly connected with the window sash but with the two end bars whose wedge "parts have a free engagement with the wedge parts of the sash and which bars are held in proper relation to the sash by the window casing parts, such as the inside window stops, which serve as guides for said bars. I also provide a simple automatic lockfor' securing the window against being raised from the outside, and this look is so disposed with respect to one of the said bars that upon the release of the bar from its binding position said bar will retire the bolt of said look from its engagement with the sash and permit the latter to be raised.

The sash mechanism of my invention comprises, mainly, the sash, a wedge bar at each vertical side portion thereof and movable therewith and the usual spring balance roller connected with and acting against said bars. When the sash is in its lower. position or down, the wedgebars, being under tension of the spring roller, act to press the sash against the outside window stops and their weather strips, and when it is desired to raise the sash, the said bars are first pulled downwardly to a slight extent so as to allow said bars and the sash proper freedom in their guides, and then the sash and bars are moved upwardly together to the desired position, upon arriving at which the bars will be released from the manual pressure which initially pulled them downwardly and the spring roller will at once pull them upwardly and cause their wedge surfaces to again press the sash outwardly against the outside stops and their weather strips, this final upward movement of said bars being independent of the sash and only sutficient to restore the said bars into their binding relation to the sash. When it is desired to lower the sash the said side bars are first pulled slightly downwardly to relieve the sash and then the sash and bars are lowered together, and when the sash has reached its lower position the said bars are released from manual pressure and the spring roller will at once draw them upwardly so that they may again press the sash against the outside window stops.

My invention embraces a novel organization having new principles of operation, and said invention will be fully understood ing casing constructed in accordance with and embodying my invention, the stationary inner window stop, at the left hand side of the window, being omitted; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of same on the dotted line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a transverse section of same on the dotted line 33 of Fig. 1, the

inside stationary window stop being shown in position; Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly broken away, of same on the dotted line 4% of Fig. 3 Fig. 5 is a front elevation, partly in section, of a portion of the window and its casing and is presented to more fully illustrate the lock for preventing the window from being raised from the outside; Fig. 61

is an enlarged view of a portion of the same, the bolt being shown by dotted lines:

as having been retired from the window sash by the downward movement of the adjacent wedge bar, the lower position of this bar being indicated by dotted lines; Fig. 7 1s a detached enlarged front elevatlon of a portion of the window and its cooperating parts, and is presented to more fully illustrate the means connecting the upper ends of the two wedge bars with each other and with the spring balance roller; Fig. 8 illustrates in front elevation the upper part of a window provided with an additional spring balance roller, which is connected directly to the sash, instead of being indirectly connected therewith through the sash holding means, consisting, in this case as in previous ones, of a plurality of pairs of opposite inclined wedge surfaces arranged at each edgewise portion of the sash; Fig. 9 shows a central vertical sectional view of that which is broken away to more clearly show the sash holding means; Fig. 10 shows in front elevation the upper portion of a window in which sash weights are employed as sash balancing or supporting means instead of the spring balance roller seen in preceding figures of the drawings; Fig. 11 shows in central vertical section that which is seen in Fig. 10, with a portion of the window frame broken away as in Figs. 2 and 9 of the drawings,

in the drawings, 10 indicates the window pane, 11 the window sash, and 12 the window casing of the car or other structure, this *asing being the ordinary encompassing frame pr vided with the inside window steps 18, outside window stops 14 having the usual weather strips 15, and sill 16.

lVithin the grooved inner edges of the inside stops 13 are arranged wedge-bars 17, which are connected together at their upper ends by a bar 18 and are suspended from the usual springroller or sash-balance 19, the

latter being of ordinary construction and having straps or equivalent flexible connections 20 fastened at one end to the casing of the roller and at their lower ends connected with the bar 18, preferably through the intermediate centrally pivoted. bar 21,

as shown, the bar 21 being connected at its center to the center of the bar 18 by means of metal plates 22.

The wedge-bars 17 correspond exactly with each other and are formed on their faces with projected wedge parts 23 which incline downwardly and outwardly toward the outer side of the car and enter correspondingly formed recesses 24 (Fig. 4) provided in the side bars of the sash frame 11. The recesses 2% are preferably lined with a metallic shell 25 and are of sufficient dimensions to permit the wedge parts 23 to have a limited vertical movement in them, said wedge parts 23 normally occupying whether the window is up or down, the position in the recesses 2% represented in Fig. i. It is obvious that any suitable number of the wedge parts 23 and recesses 24: may be used but I shall preferably provide each bar 17 with two of said wedge parts and each side bar of the sash with two corresponding recesses 24. The wedge-bars 1'7 have no positive fixed connection with the window sash and are held in position against the side bars of said sash by the adjacent portions of the window casing, the parts, in the present instance, keeping the bars 17 in position being the grooved inside window steps 13, as shown in Fig. 3.

The sash 11. is not directly connected with the spring roller 19, and said roller only acts upon the sash through the wedge-bars 17, which are connected with the spring roller and may have a limited vertical movement independently of the sash, the extent of this independent movement being limited by the freedom of the wedge parts within the recesses 2%.

In Figs. 1, 2 and a, I illustrate the position of the parts when the window is in an open position, and under such condition the spring roller 19 is pulling upwardly on the bars 17 and the inclined surfaces of the wedge parts 23, are pressing, under the tension of the roller 19, against the corresponding surfaces of the recesses 24:, with the result that the window sash is pressed outwardly against the outside window stops l t and weatherstrips 15. In order to lower the window the wedge-bars 17 should first be moved downwardly to carry the inclined surfaces of their wedge parts 23 from horizontally act ing binding engagement with the like sur faces of the recesses 24-, thereby to create suilicient freedom between the sash and the adjoining stationary surfaces of the car structure or window casing for the sash to be conveniently lowered, and to this end I pivot upon the side bars of the sash the le' 1 its firm engagement with the outside window stops 14, and, of course, permitting the sash to be conveniently lowered. I preferably pivot the levers 26 within metal casings 28 which also afford finger pieces 29 in convenient relation to the finger pieces 27 to enable a person to place his thumbs upon the said finger pieces 29 while pressing upwardly against the finger pieces 27 of said levers 26, this purchase enabling the more convenient operation of said levers. During the movement of the window either clownwardly or upwardly, the pressure on the finger pieces 27 should be continued so as to maintain the wedge parts 23 within the lower portions of the recesses 24. When the window reaches either its lower position or its upper position the pressure on the finger piece 27 will be released, and thereupon the spring roller 19 will at once pull upwardly upon the wedge-bars 17 and restore the wedge parts 23 to their upper binding position represented in Fig. l, thereby enabling said wedge parts to again bind the sash against the outside window stops. In either raising or lowering the window therefore, the attendant will press the finger pieces 27 toward the finger pieces 29 so as to lower the wedge bars 17 and then move the window to the desired position, whereupon he will release the finger pieces 27 and allow the spring roller 19 to restore the wedge parts 23 to their binding position with respect to the recesses 24. I preferably connect the bars 17 by means of a bar 18 so as to assure uniformity of movement in said bars, and I also preferably interpose between the straps 20 of the spring roller and the bar 18, the centrally pivoted bar 21, so

that in the event of any slack in either of said straps, the pull of the spring roller may be transmitted to the center of said bar 18.

If it is desired, in the case of window sashes of more than ordinary weight, as are used in some instances, an additional spring balance roller or other balancing devices may be employed to aid in opening and closing the window. Where heavy sashes are to be supported it is desirable that the, weight thereof be partially supported by other means than what are indirectly connectedwith the sash through the sash holding means, as hereinbefore shown, so that thewhole weight of the sash or of the balancing or supporting means connected with the sash holding means will not have to be overcome in releasing the sash from the holding action of such means when opening and closing the window.

InFigs. 8 and 9 an additional balance roller'is seen connected directly to the sash in amanner well known in the art. The tension of the spring of this roller 11 is so adjusted that it is only sufficient to partially balance the sash when acting alone thereon.

The tension of this spring. in roller 41 may be adjusted as desired according to the weight of the sash and the extent that such weight is to be supported by the spring roller 19 acting through the sash holding means, as descrlbed in connection with preceding figures of the drawings. The window frame 12 is of similar construction to that seen in preceding figures and is provided with a sash 11, movable therein to open and close the window. This sash is providedwith holding devices of similar construction to those seen in Figs. 1 to 7 and which operate in substantially the same manner to hold and release the sash. This frame 12 is provided with the usual stop head 13 arranged as seen in Fig. 3. These stop beads are arranged relatively to the sash and frame sothat the sash moves freely in opening and closing the window and the holding means are released from manual control. The holding means, as here shown, consist of two bars 17 each of which is provided with a plurality of wedged surface-s arranged in coactive relation with corresponding but oppositely inclined wedged surfaces connected to the sash substantially in the manner shown in preceding figures. These two bars are connected together by a horizontal bar 18 which in turn is centrally connected to the bar 21 by links 22 so that whatever force is applied to bar 21 is equally applied to bar 18 by reason of the links 22 connecting the two bars together about midway of their length. The spring roller 19 is connected with the ends of the bar 18 by any suitable material that willwind upon and ofi the roller in a well known manner as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8 and 9. In these respects the construction and arrangements of the parts is substantially the same as has been described in connection with preceding figures. In the embodiment seen in these Figs. 8 and 9 a spring roller ll as before explained is connected directly to the sash 11 by straps of suitable flexible materialfi,

so that such roller may partly balance the wei ht of such sash. These Fi s. 8 and 9 b I r illustrate one way of applylng a spring balance mechanism to both the sash and the other and well known forms of sash holding means are employed in place of what is herein shown and described.

In Figs. 10 and 11 an instance is shown where sash weights are employed in lieu of the spring balance roller shown in some of the preceding figures. These weights 49 in the pockets 47 are of the ordinary kind and are clearly shown in Figs. 10 and 11 and they are connected to opposite ends of the bar 21 by cords or chains 52, which run over pulleys 53 as shown. Bar 21 is centrally connected with bar 18 by links 22 so that the force exerted by the weights upon the bar 21 is centrally applied to the bar 18 and by such bar to the sash holding means, consisting of bars 17 and the wedge surfaces thereon similar to what is illustrated in preceding figures. Upon an examination of the constructions herein described it will be quite apparent to a person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains that the mode of operation of the parts in the construction shown in Figs. 10 and 11 is in all essential respects the same as it is in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4. In each case the sash supporting means is connected directly with the sash holding means and indirectly to the sash through such holding means. In each case, the sasa is supported against the action of gravity thereon by the action of the holding means, a portion of which is connected to and is supported by such balancing or supporting means.

My invention resides largely in combining a sash, sash balancing or supporting means, sash holding means and a window frame together in such a manner that the sash is more or less balanced, 2'. more or less supported in its frame against the ac tion of gravity by the connection of such supporting or balancing means with a portion or portions of the sash holding or wedging means, which engages with the sash or parts connected therewith to give it movement more or less in a direction transverse to its general plane of movement in opening and closing the window and thereby wedges or holds the sash securely in its frame. A portion or portions of the sash holding or wedging means have a movement with the sash in its general plane of movement and also a limited movement relatively to the sash in two directions, (in one to wedge or hold the sash in its frame and in the other or reverse direction to release it from such holding or wedging means). The sash is supported and held in its frame against the action of gravity thereon by the sash balancing or supporting means through the connection formed between such means and the sash holding means. 7 The action ofsuch balancing or supporting means upon the sash holding means is the same in kind whether the supporting force of such means is suflicient to balance, underbalance or overbalance the sash.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the details of construction herein shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art by reason of that which is herein set forth and, therefore, desire to include such modifications within my claims.

It is desirable that means should be provided for locking the window in its lower position, so that the window may not be raised from the outside, and it is also desirable that this locking means should be automatic in its action and capable of cooperation with one or both of the wedge-bars 17, and hence as more clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 6, I embed in the side of the window casing structure a casing 30 containing a gravity or automatic bolt 31 having a clownwardly and outwardly inclined engaging end 32 adapted when the window is in its lower position to enter a notch 33 in the sash and operate as an obstruction against any upward movement of said sash. he bolt 31 is pivotally mounted upon the pin 34 and the casing 30 is of suitable dimensions to permit the engaging end 32 of said bolt to swing inwardly clear of the edge of the sash, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 6. The recess 33 in the sash'is located at a point where it will be ust below the wedge bar 17 when said bar is in its upper position with relation to the sash, and hence when said bar, by means of the lever 26, is manually moved downwardly to the position shown by dotted lines in Fi 6 it will pass against the upper inclined surfaces of the bolt and cause the latter to turn inwardly into its casing 30 and thus become free from the sash. The sash is moved upwardly while the wedge-bar 17 is held in its down position and hence during the upward movement of the sash the bar 17 will prevent the bolt from again entering the notch or recess 33. When the sash is again moved to its lower position and the bar 17 is released from manual restraint and moved to its upper position by the spring roller 19 it will uncover the notch or recess 33 and allow the bolt 31 to turn outwardly to its former position and carry its engaging end 32 into the recess 33, with the effect of again looking the sash in its lower position.

I illustrate in Figs. 1 to 4 the wedgebars 17 as being held by the inside window steps 13 and the inner faces of the side-bars of the sash frame as provided with the recesses 241, but I do not limit my invention to thus locating the bars 17 and wee ge surfaces of the sash, because it is entirely obvious that the said bars and wedge surfaces may be located at the outer vertical edges of the sash in lieu of at the face of the sash. The bars 17 by their wedge action, not only tend to press the sash against the outside window stops 14: but themselves become pressed against the inside window stops 13, and if said bars were located at the outer vertical edges of the sash they would nevertheless perform important duties in that they themselves would become pressed against the surfaces guiding and holding them and would bind against the window sash and prevent rattling of the same, as well as to aid in the convenient raising of the sash, under the force exerted by the spring roller 19.

I illustrate but one look for locking the widow sash in its lower position, but it is obvious that this lock may be duplicated at the other edge of the widow casing if desired.

I am aware of several modified forms of my invention but deem it unnecessary to illustrate and describe the same in detail.

I would have it understood therefore that I have shown and described the best and most convenient embodiment of my invention without meaning to limit myself to the same further than as may be indicated in the claims. I do not exclude from the scope of my invention the connection of a spring balance roller directly with the sash in addition to applying spring roller mechanism to the movable wedges to enable said wedges to have their normal horizontally acting binding or locking effect, but in the form of the invention shown one spring roller serves both for the wedges and the sash. In some instances, also, sash-weights may be employed in lieu of the spring balance roller 19.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is 1. The combination with a window frame provided with a guideway and a sash movable lengthwise of the guideway and toward and from the outer wall thereof, of a member independent of the sash and cooperating therewith for moving the latter against the outer wall of the guideway as the sash moves in one direction, and means acting on said member independently of the sash for moving the member with the sash substantially throughout the movement of the latter in an opposite direction.

2. The combination with a window frame provided with a guideway and a sash movable lengthwise of the guideway and toward and from the outer wall thereof, of a mem ber independent of the sash and cooperating therewith for moving the latter against the outer wall of the guideway as the sash moves in one direction, and yielding means acting upon the member independently of the sash and reacting against the frame for moving themember with the sash substantially throughout the movement of the latter in an opposite direction.

3. The combination with a window frame sash transversely therein.

provided with a guideway and a sash movable lengthwise of the same and toward and from the outer wall thereof, of a member independent of the sash and cooperating therewith for moving the latter against said outer wall of the guideway as the sash moves in one direction, and yielding means acting upon the member independently of the sash and reacting against the frame and tending to move the member in a lengthwise direction against the force eXerted thereon by the sash.

a. The combination with a sash frame having a guideway therein and a sash movable lengthwise and laterally of said guideway, of coacting parts assuming two relative positions in the movement of said sash, one relative position thereof tending to force the sash laterally to bind the same against a wall of the guideway in the frame, and another relative position thereof relieving the sash from such binding movement and permitting the ready movement of the sash in a reverse direction, one of said cooperating parts being carried by the sash and another of said parts being wholly supported independently of the sash and of its engagement with the coacting part and movable substantially throughout the range of movement of the sash.

5. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash-movable in the frame, a support consisting of balancing means supported on the frame, and means arranged between the sash and balancing means and provided with "a part controlled by the balancing means adapted to move the in the frame to hold it 6. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, a support consisting of a spring roller mounted on the frame, and means arranged between the, sash and roller and provided with a movable part controlled by the roller and adapted to move the sash transversely in the frame to hold it therein.

7. Ina window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a'sash, a sashmovable in the frame, a support consisting of balancing means supported on the frame, and means for holding or binding the sash against movement, a portion of which is movable relatively to another portion, one of which portions is attached to the balancing means and the other is attached to the sash, whereby' the sash is moved in the frame to bind or hold it thereinby the weight thereof acting against the force exerted bythe balancing means.

receiveand hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, means for holding or binding the sash in the frame arranged at each edge portion thereof, a portion of which is movable relatively to the sash, and balancing means connected to each of such portions and to the frame, so asto move said portions and bind the sash in the frame. 1

9. In a window the combination, substan tially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash freely movable in the frame, means adapted to hold or bind the sash in the frame a portion of which is connected with the sash and is movable relatively'to other portions by the weight of the sash, and a spring roller mounted on the frame and connected with the portion of the holding or binding means which is movable relatively to the sash, whereby the sash is normally held in the frame by the coaotion of the roller, holding or binding means and weight of the sash.

10. In a window the combination, sub stantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash freely movable in the frame, means, a portion of which is movable relativelyto the sash, for holding or binding it in the frame arranged at each edge portion thereof, and balancing means mounted on the frame and connected to the movable portion of the holding or binding means to act thereon and more or less support the sash in the frame, whereby the weight of the sash moves one portion of the holding or binding means relatively to another portion and forces the sash into contact withthe frame.

11. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash freely movable in the frame, a plurality of means, a portion of which is movable relatively to the sash, arranged at one edge portion thereof for binding or holding'the sash in the frame, and balancingmeans mounted on the frame and connected to the movable portion of such plurality of means to act thereon and more or less support the sash in the frame, whereby theweight of the sash moves one portion of such plurality of-holding or binding means relatively to another portion and forces the sash in'to contact wit-h the frame.

12. In a window the combination, sub stantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash freely movable in the frame, means a portion of which is movable relatively to the sash for holding or binding it in the frame, a spring roller mounted on the frame, and flexible material adapted to wind upon the roller and connected with the movable portion of the holding or binding means to more or less support the weight of the sash, whereby the sash is moved and held in contact with the crosswise of the frame, and a second bar connecting with the first-mentioned bar, whereby the spring roller is connected with the holding or binding means to hold the sash in the frame by the action of such roller on such means. 7

14. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, means movable relatively to the sash for holding or binding it in the frame, balancing means engageable with the frame and connected with such movable holding or binding means to move a portion of such means relatively to the sash, and operating means engageable with such holding or binding means, whereby the sash is supported and held in the frame and the action of the balancing means is overcome to open or close the window.

15. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, mean arrangedat one edge portion of the sash and movable relatively thereto for holding or binding it in the frame, and having a portion engageable with a locking detent as such means is moved into releasing position, a locking detent adapted to lock the sash in a given position in the frame, and operating means adapted to engage with and operate the movable holding or binding means and therebyoperate the locking detent to unlock the window, whereby the sash is held in the frameby the holding or binding means and is released and unlocked by the movement of the operating means to permit the window to be opened.

16. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, means arranged at each of two edge portions of'the sash and movable relatively thereto for holding or binding it in the frame,balancing means engageable with the frame and connected to the movable holding or binding means, and operating means at each of such two edges of the sash and engageable with their respective holding or binding means, whereby the sash is held n t e fra e y the holding or binding means, and is released by the operating means to permit the window to be opened.

17. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, holding or binding means arranged at one edge portion of the sash and movable relatively thereto and engageable with a locking detent, balancing means engageable with the frame and connected to the movable holding or binding means, a locking detent movably mounted on the frame and engageable with the sash, and operating means mounted on the sash for operating both the locking detent and holding or binding means.

18. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, means for holding or binding the sash in the frame and movable relatively thereto, and yielding means connected with the frame and holding or binding means for more or less supporting the sash through the holding or binding means to hold it in the frame.

19. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, means for holding or binding the sash in the frame and movable relatively thereto, means connected with the frame and holding means for more or less supporting the sash, a locking detent automatically movable int-o locking position independently of operating means, and operating means engageable with the holding or binding means and adapted to move such means out of holding position and actuate the locking detent to move it out of locking position.

20. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, a plurality of means for holding or binding the sash in the frame and movable relatively thereto, means connected with the frame and adapted to more or less support the sash, and equalizing means connected with the plurality of holding or binding means and also with the supporting means, whereby the sash is held in the frame with substantially an equal force at opposite portions thereof.

21. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame adapted to receive and hold a sash, a sash movable in the frame, a plurality of means for holding or binding the sash in the frame and movable relatively thereto, means connected with the frame and adapted to more or less support the sash, and a pair of equalizing bars connected together midway of their length, one of which bars is connected to the supporting means and the other is connected to the plurality of holding or binding means, whereby the sash is held in the frame with substantially an equal force at opposite portions thereof.

Signed at Albany in the county of Albany and State of New York this 10th day of January A. D. 1905.

EDWARD FRANK CHAFFEE.

Witnesses:

Trros. J. MOENANY, MARTIN Bron.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents- Washington, D. O."

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