US1076404A - Kinematographic apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

T. H. BOLAM & S. N. BARNARD. v

KINBMATOGRAPHIG APPARATUS. APPLICATION PILBD me. 12, 1910.

lPatented oet. 21|, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J' il -1 T. H. BLAM L S. N. BARNARD.

KINEMATOGRAPHIG APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG.12, 1910.

1,076,404, Patented 0013.21, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

gllllln-lllllll' l!!!!!!!!!!!! T. H. BOLAM & S. N. BARNARD. KINEMATOGRAPHIG APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.12, 1910.

1,076,404, Patented 00n.21,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

l UNITED ,STATES vPArinitr OFFICE.

THOMAS HORACE BLAM, OF WEST EALING, AND SIDNEYv NORMAN BARNABD, 0F

PUCKERIDGE, WARE, ENGLAND.

KINEMATOGR-APHIC APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

` Patented oet. 21,1913.

Application filed August 12, 1310. Serial No. 576,856.

To all whom t may concern Be it kno-wn that we, THOMAS HORACE BOLAM and SinNnY NORMAN BARNARD, both subjects of the King of Great Britain, residing, respectively, at 178 Uxbridge road, Test Ealing, in the county of Middlesex, England, and South Road, Puckeridge, lVare, in the county of Herts, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Kinematographic Apparatus, of which the following is a. specification. This invention relates to kinematographic apparatus of the kind in which a large number of successive small photographs are taken in a helical path upon a sensitized flexible band from which, after developing and fixing, a positive is made and placed in the apparatus whereby the saidphotographs can be observed through a magnifying lens or projected onto a screen through a lens, while the flexible photographic band is being caused to travel in a helical path past the lens by suitable mechanism. With apparatus of this kind as heretofore proposed the flexible film or the like bearing the photographs has been used in the form of an endless band 'suspended loosely upon a rot-ary and laterally movable membergactuated by suitable mechanism so as to successively bring the photographs opposite the aforesaid lens. i

. According to this invention the photographic film or the like is affixed to a rotary cylinder or drum in suoli a. manner that it is Iheld tightly around said ,drum in a more or less'rigid manner, and can be easily .removed when desired. The said drum is provided with means for enabling it to be revolved intermittently at a predetermined speed by hand or by a suitable motor and with means whereby it also receives a longitudinal movement to an extent depending upon the pitch or inclination of the helically arranged photo-graphs on the photographic film o-r the like. The drum is arranged Within a box or casing which is capable of being closed in a light-tight manner, the said box or casing being provided with a lens through which the exposure of the sensitized film takes place when the apparatus is being used to take the photographs.A Situated adjacent to the said lens is a rotary or other form of movable shutter l .let-achably mounted on the box or casing, l

appropriate means being provided to direct the light on to the pictures as they pass the lens. If the photographs are required to be projected upon a screen, the said drum on which the positive film is mounted may be made of transparent material and an electric lamp may be situated within the drum so as to project the photographs through a lens or lenses suitably arranged in the apparatus. n

In order that our said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect'we will describe the sume more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is an elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 2 a part sectional plan of the same with the lid or cover removed, and Fig. 3 a cross sectional view on the line A. B. of Fig. 1. In these figures the apparatus is shown ir condition for taking the photographs; IFig. l"L is a face view of the rotary shut-ter einployed for this purpose. Fig. Ll is a longitudinal section of the rotary drinn illustrating one method of attaching the film to the said drum. Figs. 5 and G show a cross sectional view and a plan fofa portion of the rotary drum and illustrate a modified method of attaching the film to the said druin.y Fig. 7 is a detail view hereinafter explained. Fig. 8 is a plan and Fig.- 9 a cross sectional view on line C. D, .of Fig: 8, showingthe apparatus when in condition for obtaining the kinematographic effect by observing the Ipictures or photographs through the magnifying lens. F1g.,8a is a face view of the rotary shutter employed for this purpose. ,'Fig. 1 0 is a `diagraiilmatic view of the arrangement for obtaining the kinematographic effect by projecting thel cs provided on pictures on to a small screen, and llig. ll is a plan of the transparent drum and the electric circuit for the illuminating lamp.

The drum a carrying the nlm I) or the like is mounted on a shaft or spindle c situated in the box or casing d. 'llhe drum is adapted to be moved along said shaft in a longitudinal direction and at the same time to `revolve around said shaft by suitable gearing c operated by a handle f. The box or casing Z is provided With a lid or cover /1 hinged' at (l2 and kept closed in a light tight manner by suitable spring clips 0k:

'lhe shatt c is provided at each end with a square or flat portion to tit into a square socket or support c1 situated at each end of the box d, so that said shaft is supported in a horizontal position. 'llo prevent the shatt from rotating or moving in the sockets, retaining pieces c2 pivoted at c3 are provided which bear on each end ot said shaft, and are held in this position by lugs d* on the inner side of the lid or cover Z1 engaging the retainers c2 when said lid is closed, as shown Y. liach retainer c2 may also be provided with a strut ct pivoted thereto at c5, winch ."i is adapted to hold the rewlion turned down to cntainer in position gage the side or Wait ot the fooi; as shown i by the ulilines in llig. 7, or can be moved to the position indicated by the dotted lines, to enable the sha'lit c to be lifted out t the bon.

rli`he drum a as shown in lligs. i and 5 is provided with a boss al at each end through which extends the shaft c. rllhe drum is supported on said bosses radial arms a2 one or" said bosses having a pin or internal projection ai* adapted to enter a spiral groove the shaft c, so that it the drum is rotated it will move in a longitudinal direction along the shaft. rEhe movement ot the drum is ettected by the gearing lc arranged on a suitable plate c1 screwed to one end ot the box. rllhe gearing comprises a main shaft f1 driven by the handle f or by any suitable motor. @n this shaft is mounted a gear Wheel e2 which meshes with a pinion e3 rigidly secured to a disk ci so as to rotate the latter 'when rotated trom the main shaft. rthe disk et is provided With a pin e5 which on rotation is adapted to engage the slots or openings c in a disk c7 so that as the pin disk et rotates, the pin e5 thereon engages the slot e and moves the slot disk c7 quarter ot a revolution, and on further rotation the pin c5 leaves the said slot to engage the next succeeding slot. 'lhus the disk eA1 makes tour revolutions tor one revolution ot the slot disk c7 thus effecting an intermittent rotation of the latter.

An elongated pinion es is secured at one end to the disk e So as to rotate therewith and is supported at the other end in a suitable bracket e9 att-ached to the interior ot vas shown in Fig. 2, so that said revenue the box. lhe intermittent movement imparted to disk e7 and elongated pinion e8 is transmitted to the drum a, the latter being provided with a toothed ring or Wheel 01,4 at one end Which is always in mesh with the elongated pinion es. 'lhus as the latter is rotated the drum is also rotated, and at the same time is moved along the shaft c by reason ot the projecting pin a engaging the spiral groove on said shaft c.

rllhe iilm b may be atlixed to the drum ain any suitable manner; in Fig. 4f., this tiX- ingl is eiiected by making the drum (L conical or tapered for receiving an internally tapered cylinder 1 which is slid onto the drum, in a similar manner to that adopted in iixing a phonographic cylindrical record to its drum or carrier. rlhe tilm l) is secured to the cylinder b1 by pasting or otherwise., so that it may be easily removed ttor developing. Another method ot attaching the tllm to the drum may be effected by providing the film or the like with a 'transverse rod or rail o2 oi' Wood or other .suitable material at each end thereof, the

rods t2 being square in cross section and or the same size. rI he drum .c in this case is cylindrical and is provided with a longitudinal opening or slot a5 so that when the tilm Z) is placed around the drum the square rods at the ends thereot meetl and together into the slot c5 in which position they may he retained by pivoted cam levers or the like h3 mounted on the interior of the drums, and bearing against the outside edges said strips as sho'vvn in i and (o. ln this manner the nlm or the like is held tightly around the drum and the tivo ends thereotl in meeting make fiery close joint which is not apparent when i e pictures are observed through the d lens. The iilm is removed by releasing cam levers 3 trom engagement with said rods 52 and taking out the rods from the slot in the drum.

T e trent ot the hoi:

or casing c carries 'the lens 7i and the rotary photographic shutter g, the latter being actuated rrom the gearing c when the main shaft is rotated through an intermediate pinion g1 in mesh with the gear Wheel c2 engaging with an other pinion g2 mounted on the spindle (/3. rlhe other end ot the spindle is supported in a bearing and carries a bevel Wheel gt engaging With another bevel Wheel g5 mounted on a short spindle gs, the latter heing adapted to 4receive the shutter g Which may be detachably secured thereto.

The lens 7i through which the photographs are taken is mounted in a gate piece h1 provided With grooved side 'edges which engage an opening in the front side of the box gate piece inserted, or removed to enable may be easily tted. The front of the box an other to he or casing is closed in a light tight manner by a sliding piece fitting in grooves as shown in Fig. 3, and is provided with an aperture "1 through which the photographs are taken. Said aperture 1 may be closed when the apparatus is not in use by rocking a shutter 2'2 on the inner side which is operated from the exterior by turning the lever or arm lying close against the sur- 4 face of the sliding piece A knob '4 is provided for enabling the sliding piece tobe conveniently withdrawn.

The rotary shutter g is in the form of a disk provided With an opening g7 and is held on the spindle g by the thumb screw f/S or other suitable means, so as to rotate therewith, said opening coming opposite the lens t and aperture 1 in the sliding piece z' during the rotation of the shutter g. A suitable view finder d is situated in the lid d1 of the casing and a carrying'handle d is provided on the lid; the apparatus may be used on a stand or tripod as is usual with hand photographic cameras.

In taking the photographs, it is only necessary t'o focus the subject, open the aperture l by moving the shutter 2, and to rotate the operating handle f so that the shutter in rapidly rotating will expose the sensitized film each time the opening in said shutter comes opposite the lens h. Thus the photographs will be taken in quick succession on the film and owing to the intermittent rotation and at the same time longitudinal movement in the direction of the arrow W in Figs. l and 2,*the photographs are taken in a helical path around the drum commencing at the end X and terminating at the end Y. The rotation and movement of the drum at each step of its intermittent movement is effected during the time the lens i1. is coveredby the shutter g so that when the opening g1 is opposite the lens the drum is stationary and the film is-then exposed.v The mechanism is so arranged that the operating handle is rotated clockwise, which' is the more convenient direction. Having taken the photographs, the film is removed from the drum in the dark room, and is developed and fixed in the usual manner to produce the negative and during this treatment the aforesaid wooden rods or rails attached to the film become detached, thus leaving the film quite at. A print can then be taken from the negative, on anysuitable paper and in any appropriate manner, the paper being provided at each end with the transverse wooden o r other rods. The paper on which the pictures or finished photographsappear is mounted onthe drum and secured in position in a similar manner to that described with reference to retaining the lm in position.

When the apparatus is to be used for ob-` taining the kinematographic effect, the gate side of the box, but allows a certain'space 'f2 to be left. The circular shutter g is replaced by a segmental shutter le which is preferably of the shape as shown in Fig. 8*1 and is secured to the shaft by the thumb screw g8 or other suitable means so as to rotate therewith. The sliding piece or front t' used when taking the photographs is replaced hy another sliding piece icl on which is'adjustably mounted a tube carrying a magnifying lens 7a2. This sliding piece k1 is also provided with an opening 7.13 to admit light to the interior of the apparatus. In order that the picture can be sufliciently illuminated to be seen clearly through the magnifying lens 701, a condensing lens la* is pivotally mounted on said sliding piece k adjacent to the opening los therein. The position of the condensing lens 704 can be moved to concentrate the light from a window, or lamp on to the space or position where the pictures appear opposite the gate aperture j.

When the photographs are taken on the film they would appear the reverse Way up if viewed from the front of the apparatus ,with the operating handle on the left hand side, t'. e., looking into the aperture l from the position shown in Fig. l, but the pictures would appear the correct Way up when the apparatus 1s turned round and placed in the position shown in Fig. 8 which is regarded as a plan. This brings the operating handle to the right hand side and the front of the apparatus 'now becomes the top so that the pictures are observed by looking downward in a vertical direction. After the photographic print has been taken from the film and affixed to the drum so that the pictures are presented the correct .way up to the observer, with the apparatus in the observing position, Fig. 8, the commencement of the pictures occurs at the opposite end of the drum. -It is therefore necessary that the drum should be moved past thel observing lens in the opposite direction and at the same time it is essential for convenience to rotate the handle in the clockwise direction. To enable the drum'to be moved in the opposite direction when observing and atthe same time allowing the handle to be operated with the observers right hand and in a clockwise direction, the shaft is provided with right and left hand helical grooves or threads 08 and 09 respec tively preferably meetin a the center of the shaft. Therefore i t e right hand groove or thread c be used when taking the drum will be moved in the direction of the arrow W' in Figs. 1 and 2, the drum will be remounted on the shaft to enga-ge the when taking the photo-graphs, the segmental yshut-ter used when observing,7 permits left hand helical groove oi' thread c when observingf so causing the drum to be moved past the lens in opposite direction, as indicated by the arrow Z in Fig. 8.

The magnifying lens Z1 can be adjusted to suit the sight of the observer, and the enlarged pictures or photographs appear to the eye when the drum carrying the print 1s moved past the aperture in the manner already described. Whereas the circular or disk shutter g during the greater part of its 'rotation completely closes the lens la` of light entering the openings jz and 7c3 practically the whole time, and simply prevents the actual movement of the drum when changing from one position to another from being observed.

The shutters for taking and observing are illustrated in Figs. la and 8a respectively, and each foi'in is provided with a hole for attachment to the spindle and also with an additional opening 19 for engaging a key or pin carried on the spindle so as to/rotate therewith. A thumb screw g8 tting on a screw threaded end of the spindle holds the shutter in position.

The pictures may be projected o-n to a small screen by using a transparent positive film not provided with transverse strips. For this purpose the drum is replaced by a glass cylinder or drum Z having at one end a toothed ring or wheel at and adapted to be rotated and moved in the manner above described. The transparent posit-ive is placed around the glass dium Z and is adapted to be secured thereon in any suit-able manner, for example by gumining just the ends of the film or otherwise securing on the cylinder so that they meet to form a close joint. A small electric lamp Z1 is placed in the interior of the drinn by screwing it in to a hole in the center of the shaft o after the drum has been placed on the shaft so that it is .in a line with the center of the lens Z2 which in this case may be an enlarging lens mounted on a gate piece Z3 similar to the aforesaid f gate piece. As the pictures travel past the lens the light from the lamp will project' them through said lens on to a small screen Z4 carried by supports Z5 secured on the front of the box or casing. The screen may be conveniently mounted on y"a sliding piece having a large opening to allow the rays to reach the screen Z4. Within the electric lamp is arranged a reflector to throw the whole of the light on to the picture opposite the lens. Current is supplied to the lamp from any suitable source Z5 and is conducted thereto through insulated wire within the shaft c. The segmental shutter is preferably employed when projecting.

Various modifications may be made withnorcfio/i Y out departing from the nature of the invention for example, instead of employing separate gate pieces as aforesaid a sliding piece moving in a longitudinal direction may be used, which carries the lens for taking, the aperture and opening for observing, and the lens for projecting, so that each may be brought opposite a permanent opening in the front of the boX or casing when desired. Again a sliding front may be employed which carries the apertures for taking, lenses and the like for observing, and the opening for projecting, said front piece also being adapted to slide longitudinally into the proper position for the respective operations.

`What we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. ln kinematographic apparatus the combination of a drum, provided with a transver'se opening therein, a photographic band in the form of a sheet, transverse rails or rods attached to said film and adapted to meet and fit in said' transverse vopening in the drum when the film surrounds. the latter, retaining means on said drum` for engaging said rails or rods on the film, a stationary shaft for said -drum or carrier, and means moving said drum along said shaft to enable successive photographs to be taken or observed.

2. In a kinematographic apparatus the combination of a stationary shaft providedwith a helical groove or thread, a film supporting drum or carrier mounted on said shaft, a projection carried by said drum for engaging said helical groove, a gear wheel attached to said drum, an elongated pinion continuously in mesh with said gear wheel and means for imparting an intermittent rotation to said elongated pinionto cause the drum to intermittently rotate and travel along said shaft.

3. In a kinematographic apparat-iis the combination of a box or casing, a helically grooved stationary shaft means for retaining said shaft in position, a lm supporting drum mounted on said shaft, bosses on said drum, a projection secured to one of said bosses to engage said helical groove, a gear wheel attached to said drum, an elongated pinion continuously in mesh with said gear wheel, a Geneva stop motion for intermittently rotating said pinion, gearing for operating said Geneva stop motion, and means carried by the apparatus whereby the latter is adapted for taking, observing, and projecting.

Ll. ln kinematographic apparatus the combination of a stationary shaft provided with right and left handed helical grooves, a drum or carrier mounted on said shaft, a photographic film or band surrounding said drum, means carried by said drum for en bcover hinged thereto, a double front portion forming part of said box, interchangeable l slides or covers for fitting to each part of said double front portion, interchangeable shutters for fitting between each part of said double front portion, and adapted to coperate With said interchangeable slides or covers whereby the apparatus is adapted for taking, observing, and projecting gearing for operating said shutters, a film supporting drum or carrier mounted Within said box or casing and means for moving said drum to enable successive photographs to be taken orobserved.

6. In a kinematographic apparatus the combination of a box or casing, a lid or cover hinged thereto, a double front portion forming part of said box, a sliding piece, a taking lens mounted thereon, means for fitting said sliding piece to the inner part of said double front, a sliding front piece provided With an aperture, means for fitting said front piece to the outer part of said double front so that the aperture in the sliding front piece is opposite said taking lens, a rocking shutter mounted on the sliding front piece for closing said aperture, a film supporting drum or carrier mounted within said box' or casing, means for intermittently moving said drum in a rotary and longitudinal direction, a rotary shutter having an opening therein, means for operating said rotary shutter so as to expose the film when the drum is stationary and to completely close the aperture and lens during the movement of said drum.

7. In a kinematographic apparatus the combination of a'box or casing, a lid or cover hinged thereto, a film supporting (drum or carrier, means for imparting an intermittent rotary andv longitudinal movement to said drum, a double front portion forming part of said box or casing, a sliding piece having an aperture therein, means for fitting said sliding piece to the inner part of said double front portion so that an open space in addition to the aperture is provided, a `sliding front piece, a magnifying lens mounted thereon, means for fitting said sliding front piece to the outer part of the double front portion, means ymounted on said sliding front piece for concentrating a beam of light on to the photographs as they pass the magnifying lens, a segmental shutter and means .for movingv said shutter to obstruct or cover the pictures during the actual movement of the drum.

8. In a kinematographic apparatus, the combination of afilm supporting device, a flat photographic film or band, means secured on said film to detachably retain the film in a cylindrical manner on said device, a gear Wheel secured to said film supporting device and means continuously engaging said gear Wheel adapted to move said support-ing device to enable successive helically l arranged photographs or pictures to be taken or observed.

9. In a kinematographic apparatus, the combination of a box or casing, a drum or carrier mounted therein, a fiat photographic film .or band, means carried by said film adapted to detachably hold the same tightly around said drum so as to possess a degree of rigidity, a stationary shaft for said drum or carrier, a gear Wheel secured to said drum, and means continuously engaging With said gear Wheel adapted to'move said supporting device to enable successive helically arranged photographs to be taken or observed.

l0. In a kinematographi'c apparatus, the combination of a drum orhcarrier, a photographic film or band in the form of a Hat sheet,'mechanical means for detachably affixing said sheet to t-he drum whereby no relative movement bet-Ween said sheet and graphic film or band, meansprovided on said film for engaging said drum, means on said drum for retaining the film in position, a stationary shaft for said drum or carrier, a gear Wheel secuired to said drum and means continuously engaging said gear Wheel adapted to move said drum along said shaft to enable successive helically arranged photographs to be taken or observed.

l2. In kinematographic apparatus the combination of a drum provided with a transverse opening therein, a photographic band in the form of a sheet, traverse rails or rods attached to said film and adapted to meet and fit in said transverse opening in the drum When the film "surrounds the latter, retaining means onsaid drum for engaging Vsaid rails or rods on the film, a stationary shaft for said drum orcarrier, and means moving said drum-along said shaft to enable successive helically arranged photographs to be taken or observed.

13. In a kinematographic apparatus, the

combination of a detachable 4helically grooved non-rotating shaft, a film supportcombination of a boX or casing, inteiclrangej able means arranged to be carried by the apparatus Wh-ereby the apparatus is adapted for taking observing and projecting, a drum or carrier mounted Within said boX or casing, astationary shaft for supporting said drum, a photographic film or band surrounding said drum a gear Wheel secured to said drum, and means continuously engaging said gear Wheel to inter-miti tently and simultaneously rotate and longitudinally move said drum.- l

l5. lin a kinematographic apparatus the combination of a. box or casing, interchangeable slides for fitting to said boX whereby the apparatus is adaptedfor taking observing and projecting, some of said slides having suitable. apertures therein, suitable lenses attached to some of said slides, interchangeable shutters, means for operating said shutters, a film supporting drum, a stationary helically grooved'shaft 'for supporting the drum, a gear Wheel se- 16. In a kinematographic apparatus the,

combination of means for supporting a photographic film in a cylindrical manner, a stationary shaft along Which'the said supporting means is adapted to be moved,

means for imparting an intermittent' rotary yand longitudinal movement to said supporting means, and means arranged Within said `supporting means for projecting the photographs of the film on to an external screen.

l1.7. lln a kinematographic apparatus, the combination of a film supporting device a tholloW stationary shaft, ofelectrical conducting material for the drum, means for imparting an intermittent rotary and longitudinal movement to the drum along said shaft, electrical means on said shaft for projecting the photographs on to an external screen, and an insulated electrical conductor housed in said shaft and connected to said electrical projecting means.

ln testimony whereof we affix' our signatures in presence of two Witnesses.

THOMAS HORACE ISOLAM.

SIDNEY NORMAN BARNARD. lvl/'itnessesr WALTER J. SKERTON,

T. J. OooKsEY.-

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