US1064765A - Electric controller for explosive-engines and associated mechanisms. - Google Patents

Description

0. 0. PEARSON. ELECTRIC CONTROLLER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES AND ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.17, 1908.

ungn uu Fate nted June 17,1913.

4 SKIRTS-SHEET 1.

0. 0(PEARSON.

ELEGTRIG CONTROLLER FOR BXPLOSIVE ENGINES AND ASSOCIATED MEGHANISMS. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17, 1908.

1,064,765. Patented June 17, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 I 42mm M 7' I 0. 0. PEARSON.

ELECTRIC CONTROLLER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES AND ASSOGIATED'MEGHANISMSf APPLICATION. FILED AUG. 17I 1908.

11,064,765. Patented June 17, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' QR)" V v,; 1 %Z%/ W W 0. 0. PEARSON. ELECTRIC CONTROLLER FOR EXPLOSIVE ENGINES AND ASSOCIATED MECHANISMS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17, 1908. 1,064,765.

Patented June 17, 1913.

4: SHEETSSHEET 4.

Qwi/f/vwo-aco I 93 44cm 1m 4. am 5%W CHARLES o- PEARSON, or new YORK, n. Y.

ELECTRIC CNTROLLER FOR EXILOSIVE-ENGINES AN D AS$OCIATED MECI'IAJIETIIS":MS.

Specification of Letters Iat ent. I @atented June 1'? 1913.

A ueatian'mea Augnst17,1908. eria1ito.%e,8?3.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that 1, CHARLES Or PEARSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, in the city and State of New York,

United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Controllers for Explosive-Engines and Associated Mechanisms, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates t improvements in controllers for internal combust on engines and associated ower transmission mechanisms, and its object is to provide an electrical system by means of which engines of this type may be-started, stopped,- and reversed, and whereb the power generated by such engines may ii which may be placed in any convenient location. As will appear hereinafter the control of the power transmission device may be independent of the engine control, orboth may i be controlled together.

My invention consists in the construction and arrangement. of parts which are described in the following specification and the novel features of which will beset forth 3 in appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, Fignre 1 is a side elevation of an internal combustion engine and associated mechanisms as used in carrying out my invention, togetherw th certain connecting electrical circuits which are shown diagrammatically. Fig. 2 is a sectional end view on an enlarged scale of the top of one of the eng ne cylinders, showing somewhat in detail the sparking meclianism. Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the details of the sparking mechanism. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation, partly in section, of the sparking mechanism. Fig. 5'

is a side elevation,.partly in section, of a throttle or regulating valve together with some of its connected parts. side elevation, partly in section, showing a brake mechanism and some of the magnetic clutches which are used in carryin-gout the invention. Fig. 7 is a sectional end view of the brake mechanism, the section being tflkenthrough the line 7 7 of Fig. (5. Figs. 8 and 9 show inside elevation, partly in section, and in end elevation a'modified formof clutch Fig. 10 is a sectional side view of one of the clutches and its connected e transmitted to driven. mechanisms at different speeds at will by? means of a simple manually operated switch i scribed hereinafter. The engine may be of Fig. 6 is aparts. Fig. 11 is an end view of the clutch shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a front elevation of a manually operated switch by means vof'which the various mechanisms herein described are controlled A part of the switch 1s broken away on line XX of Fig. 13 to more clearly show its construction. Fi

g 13 is a sectionalside elevation of this switc 1.

Fig- 14: is a front elevation of apart of the switch mechanism illustrating its operation.

Figs. 15 and 16 are, respectively, front and side views of an electric switch of special construction which .is used to control some of the circuits. The view shown in Fig. 16 is cut oil on the section line shown in Fig. 15. Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all of the figures.

10 designates a base .npon which are mounted an internal combustion engine 20 and other mechanisms which will be deany preferred type or form. In the present case it isshown as a three-cylinder twocyc le gasolene engine-of which 21 is the intake or supply pipe. l

22 is a pipe from the outlet or exhaust thegases of which, after passing through a mil-filer 23, may be led 0% to a stack or chimney, or some other desired place by a pipe 24:.

25 is a gasolene supply tank which is connected with carbureter 26, and the latter is connected with the intake 21 of the engine through a regulating or throttle valve .30.

27. is the main shaft of engine 20.

The throttle valve is'shown somewhat in detail in Fig. 5. this figure it may be seen that in the passage 31 between the carburetor 26 and the engine intake 21 is a piston valve .32. A compression ,spring .33 is arranged to hold this piston valve over to the let't, in which direction it has a tendency to .close the passage 31. 3 iis a connecting rod between the other end of the piston valve and a downwardly projecting arm of a bell-crank lever 36 and connected with the latter by a slot connection which allows ,a certain amount of lost motion. T he bell-crank lever is pivoted to the engine frame at 37 and its other arm is connected at 38 with a centrifugal governor and at 39 irvith another device which will be described ater.

The centrifugal governor 40 is mounted upon a vertical rod 41 which is driven by the engine shaft 27 through bevel gears 42 and 80 wheel 28 keyed to the engine shaft and over 46. This sleeve carries a pin 45 which projects through a slot 47 in another sleeve 48. Theslot is of some such shape as that shown may be shifted to move the sleeve in Fig. 3. The sleeve 48 carries a cam 49 which is arranged to actuate a sparking mechanism such as that shown in Fig. 2 for one of the engine cylinders and is connected with a shaft 43 to which are affixed other cams 49 and 49 which actuate similar sparking mechanisms for the other cylinders. As this mechanism is well known in the art and is not a part of the present invention I will not further describe it.

50 and 51 are magnets acting upon a T- shaped lever 52 against the action of sprin s 53, 54. The lower end of the lever 52 1s connectedby a link 55 with the upper end of the lever 46. By this means the lever 46 45 back and forth on the shaft 43.

60 is an electrodynamic machine which may be mounted upon the base 10-and which isfconnected with the engine shaft 27 by a sprocket chain 62 running over a sprocketa similar wheel on its own shaft 61. 63 and 64 designate the leads from the armature of machine will always run with the engine. It

sometimes acts as a motor and sometimes as a enerator as will appear more fully hereina ter.

70 is a countershaft supported by pedestals 11 and 12 which are upon the base 10 and arranged to be positively driven from Y the engine shaft 27 by means of a sprocketchain 1 running over a sprocket-wheel 29 keyed to the engine shaft and over a similar wheel upon the shaft 70. The sprocketwheel 29 may be an integral part of a memher 101 whlch forms a fly-wheel for the engine and a part of a clutch as will appear hereinafter.

72, 74, 76 and 78 are sprocket-wheels of different sizes rigidly. mounted upon the countershaft 70 and connected by sprocketchains 73, 75, 77 and 79 to'drive parts of magnetic clutches such as those shown somewhat in detail in Fig. 6. Each of the clutches such as 80 comprises a driving member such as 81 loosely mounted upon a' power transmission shaft 13 and supporting a sprocket-wheel 81 which is keyed to the drivin member and over which the sprocketchain 3 runs. The driving member is ro- 'tated by countershaft 70 but as the sprocketwheel 72 is much smaller in diameter than is the sprocket-wheel 81, the speed will be greatl reduced through this connection.

driving and driven members which has a tendency to keep these members apart.

89 designates a graphite pencil which may be used for lubrication if desired.

It is evident that when a current is sent through the coil 83- the driven member will be magnetized thereby and this will draw the two members together. ranged to contact with each other near their outer peripheries so that theywill be driven together and the shaft 13 will be rotated thereby from the countershaft at the speed of the sprocket-wheel 81". The other clutches o crate in the same way, but as their driving- wheels 74, 76, and 78 are of largerdiameters, and the sprocket-wheels with which each is connected are of correspondingly smaller diameters, the speed at whichthe shaft 13 is driven will vary according to the particular clutch which is engaged. r

90 is a brake pulley which is aflixed to the driven member 82 so that it will'rotate with the latter.- 91, 91 are brake-shoes arranged to bear upon this brake-pulley. They are supported upon brake- levers 92, 92 which are pivoted at 93, 93 in arms 14 projecting from the pedestal 12. I

94 designates an electromagnet or solenoid supported by the pedestal 12. It is provided with two cores 95, 95, one of which is connected with one of the brake-levers 92 and the other with the other brake-lever. Springs 96, 96 tend to push these cores apart and to apply the brake. When the brake solenoid is energized the cores are attracted to each other and the brake released thereby.

100 designates another clutch which is shown in Figs. 10 and 11. This is somewhat differently constructed. In this case the drivin member 101 which I have already pointe out forms a fly-wheel on one side of which is the sprocket wheel 29. The driven member 102 which is afiixed to the transmission shaft 13-carries upon it a pair of shoes 103, 103 which are pivoted to the body portion of the driven member 102 at- 104. They are connected at their other ends by a pair of links 105 which are connected with a toggle-lever 106 pivoted in the body of the They are ar-.

driven member at 107 and having a portion to press them outward into engagement with the inner surface of the driving member 101. The sleeve 108 is arranged to be moved longitudinally upon the shaft 13 by means of a pivoted lever 108 which is'actuated in one direction by an electromagnet 109 to actuate the clutch, andin the opposite direction by a spring 109 to release the clutch.

In Figs. 8 and 9 I have shown clutches similar in construction to that which I have just described, which may be used if desired, upon the transmission shaft 13 in place of the form of clutch which I have shown in Fig. 6 and which I have above described.

110 designates a water supply pump which is actuated by an eccentric 111 upon the motor shaft 27. This pump is connected by a pipe 112 with the water jacket of the englue, and the water jacket is connected by a pipe 113 with a water supply tank 114. 115 designates cooling pipesbetween this water supply tank and the intake of the pump 110.

The switch shown in Figs. 15 and 16 comprises a weighted arm 120 pivoted at 121 which-is actuated by a bell-crank lever 122 pivoted to the same point and arranged to engage with lugs 123, 123 on the arm 120. The bell-crank lever is connected by a rod 124 with the centrifugal governor mechanism at 39.

I 123", 123 are adjustable screws in the lugs 123 which are arranged to engage with a switch-arm 125. This switch arm is also pivoted at 121 and carries contact plates 126 and 127, which are insulated from the arm and from each other. The contact plate 126 is arranged to bridge and connect a pair of stationary contacts 128, 128, and the contact plate 127 is arranged to bridge and connect a pair of stationary contacts 129, 129.

130 is a manually operated controlling -'switch. This comprises a hand lever 131 loosely mounted upon a shaft- 132 and carries a pin 131 which projects through a slot 133 in an actuating arm 133 which is mounted upon shaft 132 and carries a switch arm 134 upon which are three brushes 135,

13c and 137. i

138 designates a non-pcsitive stop or holding device for the hand lever 131, and 139 is a similar device for the actuating arm 133 ieo pointed out later in describing the operation of the invention.

150 is a reversing switch-which comprises 7 a. plurality of coacting contacts and-which is arranged to be actuated by electromagnets 151 and 152. Above the reversing switch and actuated by these magnets is a pivoted tilting lever 153 which is arranged to move a contact 154 against either one of stationmy contacts 155 or 156, and a contact 157 against either one or the other of stationary contacts 158 and 159 at the same time.

160 is a storage battery which is connected withthe various. electrical apparatus above described by circuits'which I will now point out and I will atthe sametime describe the operation of this controlling system which I have invented. Thelowerend of the battery is connected by conducetor 161 with thebrush 136, and when the operator moves this brush to the left onto a contact 1&1, a circuit is closed thereby by conductor 151 through magnet 151 and conductor 162 back to the battery. 'lhc'lefthand portion of the reversing switch will.

be actuated thereby and will close circuits "from the battery through both the armature and the field windings of the electrodynamic machine 60 in a given direction.

This will then act as a motor and will drive the engine 20 through its mechanical connection therewith. The engine will draw in an explosive mixture which, will be ignited by the spark mechanism previously described, and this mechanism and the engine.

will now be connected with the battery 160 through the spark coil in the following manner: When the left-hand side of reversing switch 150 is closed, the contact 157 on the tilting arm 153 which is connected with the upper terminal of the battery, is

moved down against contact 158 which is connected by a conductor 163 with the spark coil 16s, the otherside of which is connected by conductor 165 with the contact points oi the spark mechanisms. A conductor 166 connects the lower end of battery 160 with the frame oi the engine. The engine will then begin to run itself and will drive the centrifugal governor 40. The latter will open the throttle valve 30, and as soon as sufficient speed is attained, it will,

push the weighted arm 120" over past its center of gravity, and this will in turn close a; circuit through the contacts 128 and another circuit through the contacts 129.

The conductor 161 from the lower end of the battery is connected with the upper contact 128 and the upper contact 129. the contactplate 127 on switch arm 125 will now bridge the two contacts 129,129. The conductor 167 is connected to the lower of these contacts and it will now be connected with the lower terminal of the battery. A signal lamp 168, situated near the hand-switch, is

also connected with the conductor 167 and by a conductor 169 with the upper terminal of the battery so that this lamp will indicate to the operator the closing of the.

switch which is controlled by the arm 120. The brush 137 will now be resting upon contact 143 which is .,connected by conductor 143 withthe brake magnet 94, the other end of which is connected with the upper end of the battery by conductor 162. The brake will thereby be released so that the power racing by the speed governor which is so arranged that if the engine attains undue speed it will pull the throttle valve piston over past its central position and will thereby slow down the engine. The electrodynamic machine which acted as above described, as a moto for starting the engine,

will now be driven by the engine and will generate current back into the storage battery 160. It is evident that if the hand controlling switch lever had been moved to the right instead of the left, similar operations to those above. described would takeplace, but in this case the right-hand side of the reversing switch 150 would be closed and the connections would be made to the electrodynamic machine in such a way as to cause it 'to' rotate in the opposite direction. Now, the circuit through the spark coil 164 will be closed through contacts 157 and 159, and the contact 154 will be brought down against contact 156 thereby closing a cirjcuit through conductor 51 through the ing 83. of the magnetic clutch 80.

spark-control magnet. 51, so that the spark will be shifted in the proper direct-ion to increase the speed of the engine. The hand switch brush 135 will first rest upon one of the contacts 144 which are connected together, and by conductor 144 with the wind- This will close a circuit through winding 83 as the conduct-or 162 connects the battery with all of the clutches. The shaft 13 will then be'driven by engine 20 through the countershaft and the clutch 80. When the hand-switch is moved over until brush 135 thereby at a correspondingly higher rate of speed. The brush 135 will be moved off from the contact '144 before it reaches contact 145, so that the clutch 80 will become 'denergized as the clutch 80 becomes ener- 1 Loeares gized. The holding devices which were ointed out in connection -with the handswitch willpositively insure this part of the operation, as the parts are so arranged that the brushes are moved quickly from one of their operative positions to the next, re-' gardless of the rate of movement of the hand-lever, and cannot remain in intermediate "positions. Similarly, the brush 135 may be moved onto contacts 146and 147 to energize clutches 80 and 80 consecutively. When the switch is moved into its extreme position the brush 135 will rest upon contact 148, when it will energize the magnet 109 and thereby throw the clutch 100 into operation. This clutch is so arranged that it will directly couple the engine shaft 27 with the power transmission shaft 13 so that the latter will be driven at the full speed of the engine.

15 designates a push-rod which is .connected with the upper end of lever 108 and is arranged to push against the end of the piston valve 32 of the throttle valve and to move the piston valve into its full open position, so that when the engine shaft is coupledwith the power transmission shaft this arrangement will insure the engine being supplied with its full fuel capacity. The lost motion provided by the slot 35 in the end of bell-crank lever 36 will allow the pushrod 15 to perform this function without interfering with the action of the governor, but the governor connections are still operative so that if the engine exceeds its normal speed, the piston valve 32 will be pulled over past its center by the governor to keep the .engine from racin By means of the invention herein disclosed an internal combustion engine may be readily controlled by a simple manipulation of an electric switch. By manipulating this 'switchthe engine may be started, stopped, reversed, and its speed controlled in fact the entire action of the engine may be controlled from this'switch through the intermediary of the elect-romagneticallv actuated devices which 'I have described. The diflicult and dangerous practice of starting such an engine by cranking is done away with. The en ine may be started and stopped at will, or it may be disconnected from the power transmission shaft without venient whether this be near the, engine or at some remote place. This feature alone is of great value as it greatly enlarges the adaptability of the system. No skilled mechanic is needed to perform the simple operation necessary. This invention, therefore, removes many of the limitations which have heretofore been present with this otherwise desirable and eflicient type of motor. For these reasons it is believed that the appended claims should be entitled to a broad interpretation as they are intended to cover ot er constructions and arrangements than those which have been descr bed herein merely as an illustration of one manner in which my invention may be carried into effect.

The electrodynamic machine is used to generate a supply of electrical ener which may then be used to run the electr ynamic machine as'a motor to start the engine and" may also be used to energize the control circuits. In this connection itvis to noted that intermediate pilot devices'such vas the reversing switch and the spark control magnets areused so-that only a light current need be taken through the controlling switch so that the latter may be placed eta-11y desired remote place and the current readily broken at its contacts. The engine may be started without a load and its action controlled as may also the driven mechanism, from a distant point.

- The control system for the engine which is herein disclosed comprises means for starting the engine in e ther direction, governing its speed while running, and stopping the engine. When the action of any type of engine is to be controlled from a distance,

' it is important that all of these functions be under the control of the operator.

In a copending application for patent Serial No. 448,905 filed -by Mr. August Sundh and myself; filed on the same date as the present application, the construction of the'controlling switch and its relations to the time constant of'the magnetic clutches are set forth more fully than they are in this case. I A

\Vhat I claim is 1. A reversible internal combustion engine, a sparking device therefor, an electrodynamic machine driven by .the engine and arranged to generate an electrical supply, a storage battery, a single manually controlled device for directing said electrical supply tocause said supply to energize the electro dynamic machine to start the engine in either" direction and to connect and disconnect said electrical supply with and from the sparking device.

2. An in ternal combustion engine, an electrodynamic machine connected therewith and arranged to generate an electrical supply. a storage battery, circuits for said electrodynamic machine, a manually operated switch for controlling said circuits and causing the electrical supply to run the electrodynamic machine as a motor until the engine attains its speed, a spark-advancing mean circuits therefor, an automatic switch 1n said clrcuits, and a centrlfugal governor driven by the engine and arranged to controlthe automatic switch to thereby switch.

increase thejspeed of the'engine. 1

3. An internal combustion en ine, a

sparking device therefor, an electr ynamio machine dgiven by the engine and arranged to generate a supply of i'electrical energy, a manually operated switch, and an electrically actuated reversing switch controlled thereby and arranged to connect'said battery with the electrodynarnic 'maohine to cause said supply to run the'electrodynamic machine in either direction as a motor, said reversing switch being also arranged to control the supply to the sparking device.

,4, An internal combustion engine, an electrodynamic machine driven thereby, electromagnetically actuated devices for control-- ling the starting, stopping and speed of the engine, a manual switch, for controlling said devices,and a storage battery arranged to be charged from the electrody-namic machine and to supply current for the electromag-- netically actuated devices and the manual 5. A reversible internal combustion engine, an electrodynamic machine connected therewith and arranged to start the engine ineither direction, an electrical control system for the engine comprising means for controlling the speed of the engine, said machine being arranged to generate an electrical supply for energizing the control system, a storage battery, and means for connecting the battery with the electrodynamic machine to charge thebattery when said machine is running in either direction.

6. An internal combustion engine, a sparking device therefbr, an electrodynamic machine driven by the engine and arranged to generate an electrical supply, a storage 05 battery arranged to be connected with "the electrodynamic machine, manual means, and

.electromagnetically actuated means controlled thereby for directing the electrical supply to cause said supply to energize the electrodynamic machine to Start the engine and to connect and disconnect the battery with and from the'sparking device. I

7. A reversible internal combustion engine, a sparking device therefor, electromagnetic means energized by a current generated-by the engine for shifting the sparking device in one direction when the engine is running in one directon, and for shifting thesparking device in the. opposite direction when the engine is runnmg'in the other directiomand a manual switch for controlling said electromagnetic means.

8. An internal combustion engine, a

sparking device therefor, an electrodynamic machine connected with the engine, said machine being arranged to start the engine and a to generate a supply of. electrical energy, electromagnetic means energized by said supply for shifting the sparking device, an

electroma netically actuated switch for controlling t e 'electrodynamic machine and said shifting mearm, and arranged to connectand disconnect said supply with "and from the sparking device,' .and.a manual switch for controlling said electromagneticallyfa ctuated"switch.

9. An. internal combustion engine, a

sparking device therefor arranged to be shifted in one direction or the other, an electrodynamic machine connected with the engine, saio. machine being arranged to start the engine and to generate a supply of electrical energy, a storage battery, electromagnetic means energized by said supply for shifting the sparking device, an electromagnetically actuated reversing switch arranged to connect said electrical supply with the electrodynamic machine to cause said supply to run said machine in either direction as a motor, said reversing switch being also arranged to control the current sup-' ply to the s arking device and to control the electromagnetic spark-shifting mechanism, and a manually operated switch for controlling saidelectromagnetically actuated reversing switch.

. 10. An internal combustion engine, a driven member," an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, electrical means for connecting said member with the engine- 'through said transmission device, and independent electrically controlled means for directly connecting said member with the en'- ine. I

g 11. An internal combustion, engine, a driven member, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, means for connecting said member with the engine through said transmission device, independcut means for directly connecting said member with the engine, andmeans driven by the engine arranged to nerate energy for actuatingthe transmission device connecting means and said independent connecting means. s

12. An internal combustion engine, an electrodynamic machine driven thereby and arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, a driven-member, an intermediate variable s eed power transmission device mechanica 1y driven by the engine, and independent means for directly connecting said member with the engine, said power transmission device and said independent connecti g means being controlled by said electric l supply.

1 3!Aninternal combustion engine, an

.ctrodynamic machine driven thereby and arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, a vdriven member, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, independent means and arranged to generate a supply for directly connecting said member I with the engine, and electrical means for controlling thepower transmission device, the independent connecting "means, and for controlling the engine. I

14. An internal combustion engine, a driven shaft, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, a plurality of clutches for connecting said shaft with the engine ;through the transmission device, an independent clutch for directly connecting said shaft with the engine, and a speed governor controlling said independent clutch and the speed of the engine.

15? An internal combustion engine, an

electrodynamic machine connected therewith, a driven shaft, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically'driven-by the engine, a plurality of clutches for connecting said shaft with the engine through the transmissiondevice, an independent clutch for directly connecting said shaft with the engine,'means for controlling the electrodynamic machine and said clutches from a distance, and a speed governor controlling said independent clutch and the speed of the engine.

16. An internal combustion engine arranged to be run at a constant rate of speed in either direction, a driven shaft, an-1nterv mediate variable speed power transmission device -mechanically driven by the engine, 1'

a plurality of clutches for connecting said shaft with the engine through said trans- IIllSSlO-Il device, an independent electrically controlled clutch for directly connecting said shaft with the engine; an elect-rodynami-c machine connected with the engine and arranged to start the engine and to generate a supply of electrical energy, a storage battery, and a manual switch arranged to control the engine and said clutches from a dis- I tance.

17. An internal co bustion engine arranged to be runat a constant rate; of speed in either direction, a driven shaft, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, a

trical energy, a driven member, a brake and to be driven ama therefor, an intermediate {variable speed power transmission device mechanically.

sion mechanism driven by "the engine, =independent means for connecting the driven member with the engine, and electrical means energized by said supply for actuating the brake, the power transmission mechanism and the independent connecting means.

20. An internal combustion engine, an electrodynamic machine connected therewith and arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, a driven shaft, an electromagnetically actuated brake therefor, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by theengine, a plurality of clutches for connecting the driven shaft with the engine through said transmission device, an independent clutch for directly connecting the driven shaft with the engine, means energized bysaid supply for actuating the brake and said clutches, and a manually operated switch for controlling said. electrical means.

21. An internal combustion engine, an electrcdynamic machine connected therewith and arranged to start the engine and to gen- 4 erate a supply of electrical energy, a driven glue shaft, an electromagnetically actuated brake therefor, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, a plurality of clutches for connecting the driven shaft with the onthrough said transmission device, an independent clutch for directly connecting the driven (shaft with the engine, means energized by said supply for controlling the engine and for actuating the brake and said clutches, and a manually operated switch for cont-rolling said electrical means from a distance.

22. An internal combustion. engine, an

. electrodynamic machine connected therewith,

said machine being arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, a driven shaft, a power transmission device, electromagnetic clutches arranged to connect and disconnect said driven shaft with and from the engine, an electrically actuated brake for the driven shaft, said clutches and brake being actuated by the electrical supply, and an automatic switch arranged to actuated one ofsaid clutches and to release the brake when .the engine has reached a predetermined speed.

23. electrodyn'amic machine connected therewith,

internal combustion engine, an.

An internal combustion engine, an

said machinefbeing arranged to generate a suppty o'felectrical energy,-a-driven member, a power transmission device, an electromagnetic, clutch arranged to connect-and'disecnnect said member with and from *the *ttdfismission device, an electromagnetica'lly acne.

at'ed brake for the "driven member, said clutch and brakebeing actuated by-said electrical supply, an automatic switch arranged to throw. in the clutch and to release the brake when the engine has reached a predetermined speed, .and a manually "operated switch 'for controlling the electrodynamic machine, the clutch, and thebra'he;

24. An internal combustion engine 'arranged to run at a constant-rateof s reads 'electrodynamic machine connected therewith,

said machine being arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, adriven shaft, a power transmission device,-a plurality jot electromagnetic clutches arranged to con nect and disconnect the driven shaft with and from the transmission device and to change 'the' speed thereof, an independent clutch arranged to connect and disconnect the driven shaft with'and from the engine,

' said clutches'being actuated by theelectrical supply, a manually operated switch having a plurality of operativepositions,andmea ns forholdingthe switch in said positions,'and 45 connections between the switch and the clutches for controlling the clutches and causing then; to be successively energized.

25. An internal combustion engine arranged to run at a constant rate of speed, an electrodynamic machine connected therewith, said machine being arranged to start the engine and to generate a supply of electrical energy, a reversing switch for controlling the electrodynamic machine, a drivenshaft, a power transmission device, a plurality "of electromagnetic clutches arranged to connect' and disconnect the driven shaft with and from said transmission device and to change the speed thereof, an independent clutch arranged to connect and disconnect the driven shaft with and from the engine, anelectromagnetically actuated brake, said clutches and brake being actuated by saidelectrical supply; and a manually operated switch having a plurality of operative positions and means for holding the switch in said'operative positions, said switch being arranged to control the reversing switch, the clutches, and the brake. I

26. An internal combustion engine, a throttle valvetheretor, a driven 'member, an intermediate variable speed owe-r t-ransmis sion device mechanically driven by the-engine, electrical means for connecting said ice tea

member with theengin'ethrough said 't-rahsmission device, and independent electrically controlled means for directly connecting said member with the engine and actuating said throttle valve.

27. An internal combustionx-feligine, pa throttle, valve therefor, .an electrodynamm machine connected'with the engine, said machine being arranged to generate'a supply of electrical energy, 'a driven shaftf-a transmission device, a plurality of e 'ectromagnetic clutches arranged to connect and disconnect the driven shaft with and from. said transmission device and. to change the speed thereof, an inde endent clutch far ranged to connect and disconnect; the driven shaft with and from the engine, said clutches being actuatedby the electrical supply, and a mechanical connection between said independent clutch and the throttle valve arranged to open said throttle valve when said shaft is directly connected with the engine.

28. An internal combustion engine, a throttle valve therefor, an electrodynamic machine connected with the engine, said ma chine being arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, a driven shaft, a power transmission deviceya plurality of electro-- magnetic clutches arranged to connect and disconnect the driven shaft with and from said transmission device and to change the speed thereof, an independent clutch arranged to connect and disconnect the driven shaft with and from the engine, said clutches being actuated by the electrical supply, a

mechanical connection between, said 1nde-- the engine, said machine being arranged to start the engine and to generate a supply of electrical energy, electromagnetic mechanism energized by said supply for shifting the sparking device, a reversing switch arranged to connect said-electrical supply with the electrodynamic machine to cause said supply to run the electrodynamic machine in either direction as a motor, said reversing switch being also arranged to control the. current supply to the sparking device and controlling the electromagnetic mechanism; a driven shaft, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, a plurality of electromagnetic clutches arranged to connect and disconnect .the driven shaft with and from said transmission device and to change the speed thereof, an independent electromagnetically actuated clutch arranged to connect and disconnect the driven shaft with and from the engine, an electromag netically actuated brake for the driven shaft, said clutches and brake being actuated by the electrical supply; a manually operated spark shifting switch having a plurality of operative positionsand means for holding the switch in said operative positions, said switch being arrranged to control the reversing switch,

the sparkshifting mechanism, and the brake, and to successively energize the clutches, and a mechanical connection between saidindependent clutch. and the throttle'valve arranged to open said throttle valve when the independent clutch is energized.

30. :An internal combustion engine, a power transmission, device comprising a plurality of clutches, an electric control sytem for the en inc and the -transmission device, a manua ly operated circuit-closer, circuits therefor, and a speed overnor driven by the engine and arrange to control said circuits.

' 31. An internal combustion engine, a driven member, an intermediate variable speed power transmission device mechanically driven by the engine, a control system for the engine and the powr transmission device, a manually operated circuit-closer therefor, and a speed governorarranged to prevent the driven.member being connected with the engine until the engine has reached a desired speed.

32. An internal combustion engine, a

sparking mechanism therefor, electromagnetically actuated means for shifting the mechanism to increase the speed of the en'- gine, and a speed governor arranged to prevent the shifting of the sparking mechanism until the engine has reached a desired speed.

33. An internal combustion engine, a

driven member driven by the I engine; a sparking mechanism for the engine, electroma netic means for shifting said mechanism to increase the speed of the engine, a control system for the engine, a manually opera-ted circuit-closer for said system, means for revent'ing said driving of the driven 'mem er and for preventing the operation of said electromagnetic means, and a speed governor arranged to cut out said preventmgmeans when the .engine has reached a desired speed. i

34. An internal combustion engine, amember arranged'to be connected with the englue to be driven thereby, a brake for said member, means to release the brake, a sparking' mechanism for the engine, electroma netic means for shifting said mechanism to increase thespeed of the engine, an electric control system. for the engine, a manually operated circuit-closer for said system, means for preventing said connection of the driven member with the engine, the operation of said electromagnetic means and the operation of said brake releasing means, and. a speed governor arranged to cutout said preventing means when the engine has reached a desired speed.

35. An internal combustion engine, a

driven member, a brake for said member, an

electric control system for the engine, the driven member, and the bfake, a manually operated circuit-closer for said system, and a speed governor arranged to prevent the brake being released until the engine has reached a desired speed.

36. An internal combustion engine, a member arranged to be driven thereby, a clutch for connecting said member with the engine, a control system for the engine and the clutch, a manually operated circuit-closer therefor, and a speed governor arranged to prevent the clutch from connecting said member with the engine until the engine as reached a desired speed.

37. An internal combustion engine, a member arranged to be driven thereby, a clutch for connecting said member with the engine, means for increasing the speed of the engine, a control system for the 'engine and the clutch, a' manually operated circuit-closer therefor, and a speed governor arranged to cause the clutch to connect said member with the engine and to actuate the speed-increasing means when the engine has reached a desired speed.

38. An internal combustion engine, ameniber arranged to bedriven thereby, a clutch for connecting said member with the engine, a fuel supply, means for regulating the admission of the fuel to the engine, and a speed governor arranged to prevent said clutch from connecting said member with the engine until the engine has reached a desired speed, and to open said fuel supply regulating means when the clutch is actuated to connect the member and the clutch together.

39. An internal combustion en ine, a member arranged to be driven there y, a brake for said member, a clutch for connecting said member with the engine, a fuel supply, means for regulating the admission of the fuel to the engine, and a speed governor arranged to prevent said clutch from connecting the member with the engine and the brake being released until the engine has reached a desired speed, and to cause the brake to release and to open said fuel supply regulating means when the clutch is actuated to connect said member andthe engine together.

40. An internal combustion en 'ne, a member arranged to be driven there y, a brake for said member, a clutch for connecting said member with the engine, a sparking mechanism-for the engine, means for shifting the sparking. mechanism to. increase the speed of the engine, a fuel supply, means for regulating the admission of the fuel to the engine, and a speed governor arranged .to prevent the actuation of the brake, the

clutch, the spark-shifting mechanism, and the full opening of the fuel regulating means until the engine has reached a desired speed.

41. An internal combustion en ine, a member arranged to be driven there y, an electromagnetically actuated brake for said -member, an electromagnetically actuated clutch for connecting said member With the engine, a sparking mechanism for the engine, electromagnetic means for shifting the sparking mechanism to increase the speed of the engine, a fuel supply, means for regulating the admission of the fuelto the engine, an electric control system' for starting the engine and for controlling the engine and the driven member, and a speed governor arranged to prevent the actuation of the brake, the clutch, the spark-shifting mechanism, and the full opening of the fuel regulating means until the engine has reached a desired speed, and to cause the brake to be released, the clutch energized, the sparking mechanism shifted, and the fuel regulating means opened simultaneously.

42. An internal combustion engine, a member arranged to be driven thereby, an electric control system. for the engine and the driven mechanism, and a single manually operated circuit-closer arranged to control the engine cont-r01 system and to separately control the driven mechanism.

43. An internal combustion engine, an electrodynamic machine driven thereby and arranged to generate a supply of electrical energy, a variable speed power transmission device comprising a plurality of electromagnetic clutches, an electrical control system for the engine and the transmission device, and a manually operated circuitcloser whereb the engine may be started and controlled and said clutches controlled from a distance by the electrical supply.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES O. PEARSON.

Witnesses:

ERNEST W. MARSHALL, ELLA TUOH.

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