US1061006A - Gas-pressor. - Google Patents

Description

J. F. M. PATITZ.

GAS PRESSGR.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 3, 1910 1,0 1,00 PatentedMay6,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

TURBO BLOWER- F1c .l.

WITNESSES; 'R"

ATTORNEY.

J. P. M. PATITZ. GA$ PRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3, 1910. 1,061,006.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 STEAM URBINE.

TURBO LOWER.

IN EN-I-QF AT'T'CIRNEK Patented May 6, 1913.

UNITED sT-ATEs PATENT OFFICE J'OHANN F. PATITZ, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A SSIGNOR TO .ALLIS-CHALMERS.

' COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY. L

GAS-PRESSOR.

1,oo1,coc.

tion.

This invention relates to pressors, by which term is meant either blowers or compressors, for'gases, usually air, of the type in which the action is other than by positive displacement and which include centrifugal or other fans and bladed pressors. 1s

The object .of this invention is the regulation of the pressor for use under certain desired conditions as to pressure or rate of blowing or compressing gas.

The positive displacement pressor may be of the reciprocating type similar to and driven by the ordinary reciprocating engine; or it may be of the rotary type like the Root blower; or of any other of the many types whereina piston positively displaces the-gas -from'a container. The other type of pressor,

with which the present invention deals, may

a fan of. centrifugal or other ty e, or a turbo-blower of the parallel or radial flow types.

' Theregulation of prcssors must be applicable to two situations, depending on the purpose for which the machine'is intended.

One situation is where it is desired to keep the rate of compressing at a predetermined constant value, as in blowers for blast furnaces where the pressure will vary to meet the varying resistance of the furnace under difierent conditions. The other situation is Where it is desired to keep the pressure at a predetermined constant value, as in shop systems using compressed air for small tools, hoists and the like.

The regulation for the two typesof machine for either constant rate of compressing or constant pressure is essentially different. The positive displacement type of pressor delivers at a constant rate against any pressure within its capacity, without necessitating any change in speed. The speed is changed only when the predetermined rate .of com ressing ispo be altered. The other .type 0 pressor, however, delivers at a constant pressure at any rate of compressing within a certain range, without necessitating any change in speed. The speed is Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 3, 1910. Serial No. 536,003.

Patented May 6, 1913.

changed only when the predetermined pressure is to be altered.

The invention may be applied to any of the types of pressor wherein there is no positive. displacement, and it-may even be applied to centrifugal pumps for liquids. It is herein shown applied to a turbo-blower for air, driven by a steam turbine.

In the drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similarparts in the different views, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a turbo-blower direct driven by a steam turbine regulated for a constant rate of blowing measured in'--vol time, with the regulating system in section.-

Fig. 2 is the plat of curves atdifferent" speedsof a blower showing the relation be tween pressure and rate of blowing measured. a in volume of free air per unit of time. Fig. 1

3 is the plat of curves at different speeds of the same blower showing the relation be tween power and rate of blowing measured as before. Fig.4 is a diagrammatic view of a turbo-blower directdriven by a steam turbinc regulated for a constant volume rate of blowing with a modified regulating system in section.

Referring to Fig. l of the drawings, a

steam turbine 1 is directly connected to a blower 2 by means of common shaft 3. Regulator shaft 4 is connected to shaft 3 by means of bevel gears 5, 6, on the rcspec-- tive shafts 4, 3. -The regulator 7 is static, by which term is meant that the diffmence in speed betweep lowest and highest position of its collar 8 is great. The regulator 7 is carried atthe top of the regulator shaft 4 and its collar 8 is connected to one end of floating lever 9. The other end of floating lever 9 is pivotally connected to rod 10 carried by, piston 11 operating in relay cylinder 12 stationarily mounted on the frame, not shown, in any convenient manner. At a point intermediate the ends of floating lever 9, that lever is connected to pin 13 swiveled in a block 14 slidably mounted in the slotted upper end of rod 15. The block 14 is screw threaded and a set screw 16 is threaded therein and is rotatably mounted in the upper end of rod 15 in any convenient way as by collars.

The rod 15 passes through relay valve I extending through the relayicylinder 12.

a weight43 adjacent;piu42.- The opposite" inder 121and its-lower end carries the.

relay cylinder 12 are connected to relay to the upper end of stem 31 of throttle valve 15 a made as-usual at the "COIXHGCUOHS of both lay cylinder 121,.stut-ionarily mountedon the Provision may be made as usual at the con-' valve cylinder-17b means of 'pipes 23, 24. A'second relay cylinder 25 has its ends connectedto the second 1'elay.;v;al 'e cylinder 18 by ihaustofi-pipesiti, 271 ,I A piston 2S.',opcrates in' thesecond relay cylinder 25 and its piston rod 29 is pivotally connected to one end of asecond floating lever 30 whose opposite. end,i s--pivotal ly connected to the lower end of rodlO carried by piston 11 and Intermediate the endsof the second floatingilever' 30, that lever is pivotally connected 32 'f'of the steam turbine 1 Provision is (.floating levers), 30, to relieve the connect mgiparts from"st{rain due to angularity of these levers." Inlets 33, 3-1, lead to the mid dle of rclayvalve'cylinders 17, "18, respecl tively, and exhausts'35, 36, lead from the bottom of these valve cylinders respectively; Iipesl37, 38;c'o'nnect the-up er and lower ends of. each of these valve ey' iuders respectively.'.'-

. l r i Referring to Fig.2 4 o'f"=t-hc drawings. as before: it =steam turbine 1 isl directly con nected tO 8- lJlQ\Ve1-j2f l'iy-ine-nisof a common shaft 3. izRegulatorfishafb't is connected to shaft 3: by=means 0fj bevel-gears .6, on the respective shaft'sislg tyi The -"reguli1tor :71 is one of;steam-1mmty eto prevent overspeeding anda'isl ii rried at the t'op'ofthe regulator. shaftflyfand its collar 8 'car riesa reversely'right angularly bent arm 39 by" bavingpzringtlsformed at the upper cud ib-the. armzand seated. in the groovein-the eollar,-.- the ring cm'l'yiris n series of rollers 41 coactingwith the upperaud lowcr sides of the groove in thecollar 8., t The free end; of the arm 39 takes under a pin 42 extend ing laterally from floating lever 91 carrying end of lever 91' is pivotally connected to rod 101' carried 'by piston 111 operating in re- .frame. not. SllOWllilD' anv convenient1uanner. The'rod 101 extends through tlle'cylthrottle valve 32 of tlie'stean'i turbine 1. At a point intermediate, the ends of floating lever 91, that lever Fis'pivotally connected to rod 151, and if desirable, the connection may beadjustable in the same way asdescribed with reference -.to floating -lever t) Fig. 1.

motion to floating lever 91 to compensate for singularity of said lever. "lhe rod 151' extends into relay valve cylinder 1718 and carries-five valve disks 191, .201, 44, 2.11, 221. The ends, of relay cylinder 12L are com nectcd to relay valve cylinder 1718 by means of pipes 231,241. In the mid position of the valve disks. in cylinder 1718, the pipes -curvcs forpressure of'air are shown in Fig,

of inlet hr free air as abseissas. I

As :rgneral example showing theuse 0f 231, 24.1", connect with" cylinder 1718 at inlet 45. Exhausts 351, 361, lead from the .valve cylinder 1718 at points respectively between disks 201', -14, and disks il," 52 11.

Pipe '47 connects the upper and lower 'ends of the valve cylinder 1718. It should here be stated that all'ofthe s stem of-linka ge and mechanism of Fig. 1 mm the floating lever 9 down to end Including the throttle' valve 32, may be bodily substituted for an .of the s stem of linkageand'mechanisin loi' o lever 91 down to and including thethrottle valve 32, and vice \'IStt.' Pin 42 on floating lever 91- alsorestsa Fig. 4 rom the floatin in the lower end of slotted hea'd48' formed at the upper end of rod-4!) carried by piston; 50 operating. in pressure cylinder [51.

' Spring 52 within cylinder 51"reacts'ag'a in'st the upper head thereof andagainst the 'u p-i' per side of piston- 50. A pipe 53 connects I.

'rharge chamber of blower 2. c v The curves of Figs. 2 and 3',are shown to.

aid in explaining the principles of'operation the lower end of cylinderfil wit-h the of the invention. Referring to I Tig.I2, the 1 curves shown for speeds 0132300,

2500' reyoluti'ons per minute are those .of a 5 low pressure blower and are platted toshmv, the pressure'of.blower discharg'eliin pounds} per'sq'u'are inch as ordinates and rate of free. air as abscissas. Referring tov Fig. 3.

and 2500 revolutions per-minute arethose 'hlowihg in cubic feet per minute ofinlet cr' wb of the same low pressure blower whose t show the power in kilowatts of the steam" 10's These curves however are platted to" turbine driving'the blower as ordinates and r: the rate of blowing in cubic feet per n unute f the curves of Figs. 2 and 3, .letit he' required to find the turbo-blower or weight of airvagainst a certain pressure, for instance 20000 cubic feet against a sure of 3.425 pounds. Look up \{t and power at whichiaf ill deliver a iver uuntit a L l. y .1

pres: ume

20000 onhorizontal base line, Fig. 2; run,

vertically up to a pressure of 3.425. is found that this pointlies on curve'for speed of 3500 R. R M. This is the required speed 7 at'which the blower should run. To find the ower required, look up vol nne 2000001; liorizontal base line, Fig. 33' run vertically up to a curve for a speed of 2500 R. I. M. It is found that this point lies at a position showing a power of 425 K. \V. required itoj drive the blower. Assuming cond tions" of a blower operating to supply air a blast furnace, let'the rateot' blowing be 225 00i cubic feet perminute and the pressure 313 2 pounds. According to the plat, A, Fig. 2,

the blower must" Erun at a speed of 2400 R. P, M. According'to the plat, A, Fig. 3,

blower be regulated? To deliver air at the. same rate of blowing in cubic feet orpounds weight per minute against this higher pres- ,sure would obviously require more power.

More power cannot be supplied until the throttleof the steam turbine is opened wider,

and until this is done the power remains constant ,and' consequently air will be pumped at a lower rate in order to attain 1 the higher press1ire,and the speed will inregulator does not act, .until ,achangeiof speed'of 100 R. P. M has taken place. Ar

crease at, the same time. Assume that the cording to the plat, B, Fig. 3, the lower rate of blowing at. the same power Wlll be 21:200.

.cubic feet'per minute at an inc eased speed of 2500 ll. 1. M. and thercqutred pressureas seen from the plat, B,F1g. 2, wul be.

3.425 pounds; Either this increased speedor the required pressure may be utilized to open wider the throttle of the steam engine "through appropriate mechanism. 'hcn l'lllS is done, the power is increased and, at this Increased speed and this required. pressure.

. the rate, of blowing is reestablished to the normal amount; that is. the power is varied directly as the required pressure \'aric s or a power increase must t'ollowa pressure increase. Two regulating svstemsmaybe used,

one actuated by change in speed ctl'ectci'l by change in delivery pressure, and the other (llrectly by change in delivery pressure. The first system is shown in Fig. 1 and the second in Fig. 4.

' The first regulating system, shown in Fig. 1, operates as follows.-Supposing the blower to be operating normally atspecd. pressure,

rate of blowiiigand power as indicated on the plats, at A 'Fig. 2, and A Fig. '3. The resistance at the furnace increasing, the speed rises as heretofore pointed out. that is the speed must rise to meet the higher pressure demand. and the power being constant before regulation takes place, this rise in speed will beat the expense of quantity of air pumped, see. plats at It Fig. 3 and B Fig. and the regulator collar-8 moves to a higher position. raising by its movement the rod 15 and disks 19, 20, 21', 22.

This. admits oil-under pressure entering valve cylinder 17 through inlet 33, to pipe 23 and thence to relay cylinder 12- above piston 11, and at thesame time exhausts oil from relay cylinder 12 below piston 11, through pipe 2-1 to valve cylinder 17 and thence through outlet This causespiston 11 to be forced downwardly, thus moving downwardly the right-ends of both floating-levers 9, 30', opening the throttle valve 32 and bringing down the rod 15 and its disks to'normal position. See plats C Fig. 2 and L." Fig. 3. Should therequired pressure increase to an abnormal extent and consequently the speed, the piston 11 will eventually contact with the lower-head of relay cylinder 12. Upon further increase I of pressure and speet the rod 15 will be raisedhighenough to bring into operation d sks 21, 22. sothat-oil under -pressurewill be admitted by inlet 3-1 and pipe 2.6 .to the second relay cylinder :ZJ-bclow-PistonyQS ,and at thesame'timc 'oil will be exhausted from second relay. cylinder 25 above piston 28 through *pipeu2l and, exhaust 36, .thus.

raising rod 29,1cft end ofrsec ondxfioat-ing l leve -so, faiul r'o'd 31.,toY-t,

23 comes into; action;onlyla-t dangerously high spcc(ls.-, The ieslstance .at the furnace alert-casing;referringto the first system of regulation, .the speed falls asl heretofore pointed out. ..and ,the reverse action of the mechanismtakes place to .close thev throttle valve 32 more so as to rct stabhsh the-normal rateot' blo\\'ing., .Qn the plats 'Figs..2

and 3, t'his-act ion fromithe normal is shown tirstat'poinls I) E and thenat )oints I) I). The hand adjustment between t oating lever .9 and rod 15 serves font-hanging the rate of blowingrelatively to the pressure.

The second regulating system, shown in Fig. 4, operates as follo\\ s.Supposing the blower operating normally at speed, pressure. rate of blowing andpowcr as indicated on the plats, at A Fig.2 and A Fig. 3, as befiore. The resistance atthe furnace increasing, the pressure required to be developed'by the blower will incr-asc and this increased pressure is communicated to'pressure cylinder 51 below piston 50, raising same against pressure ot'spring As the power cannot increase until the. throttle valve 32 is opened, the new conditions are found on the plats atB Fig. 3, and B Fig. 2; The. piston {30 rising, raises rod 49 and left cnd'of floating lever 91 and rod 151, positioning disks, 191, 20 1, 44, 211, 221, in valve cylindcr1718 so. that oil under ressure is admitted to relay cylinder 121 a ove piston 111 and at the same time exhausting oil frmn'cylinder 121 below the piston 111 through pipe 241, to valve cylinder 1718 and thence through exhaust 351. This 121 Upon further increase of pressure the rod 151 causes piston 11 1 to move downwardlypdepressing rod 101 and opening throttle valve 32. At the same time rod 101 depresses the right end of ,fioating' lever 91 and restores rod 151 and its disks to the normal position. The opening of the throttle increases the powerand the conditions areshown on the plats at .C Fig. 3 and C'Fig. 2. Should the required pressure increase to an abnormal extent, the piston 111 will eventually contact with'the lower head of relay cylinder will be raisedhigh enough to bring int'o eilective operation disks 211, 221, so

that oilunder pressure will be admitted by a common inlet 45 connecting pipe 46, inlet 331 to valve cylinder 1718 and thence through pipe 241 to relay cylinder 121 below 1 piston 111, and at the same time oil will be exhausted from the relay cylinder 121 above the piston 111 through pipe 231 to valve Qcylinder -1718 and thence through the ex- 'haust 361, thus raising the rod 101 to close the throttle valve'32 and shut off the steam entirely to prevent racing. During this ac- .tion the disk 221 closes inlet 341 and disk 44 closes the exhaust 351. This safety portion of the mechanism comes into action only at .'dangerously high speeds caused by abnormal' increase of pressure required.

The pressure cylinder 51 may only oper- "ate to open the-throttle valve in its upward travel and after that regulator 71 will independently come into operation to cneck dangerous speeds-incid'entto increased pressure.- This way oi \vorking will protect against danger resulting from clogging of pipes and consequent increase of pressure in therpressure cylinder 51. This independent operation of regulator is possible by the slottedhead connection of rod 49 and pin 42. This pin 42 remains normally at the [lower end of the slotted head-48, clue to Weight 43 on the floating lever 91, but when the rod 49, has reached its upper limit of motion to o, en the throttle valve 32, the pin 42 maybe rther raised in the slotted head 48 by the regulator 71. The resistance at the furnacedecreasing, referring to the second system of regulation, the pressure required falls and the reverse a'CtIOIIOf the mechanism takes place to close the throttle valve 32 more so as to rees ablish the normal rate of blowing. On the plats Figs. 2 and 3, this action from the normal is shownfirst at points E E and at points D D. v

It should be understood that it is not desired to be limited to the exact-,details-iof to a person construction shown and described, for obvi- ,2. In a pressor of the impositive displaee- I lent yp he combination of a motor,

means connecting the motor to the pressor for driving same, means for varying the power of the motor, and mean's actuateddirectly b'y-the discharge p u developdi by: the presso fo ctuating the ow e rying means to increase the power when the said pressure increases] f, 5; l 3. In a pressor oftheimpositive displacement type, the combination 'of a motor,

means connecting the motor to the'pressor 'for driving same, means for varying the power of the motor, means controlled by the discharge pressure developed by the pressor for actuating the power varying means to vary the power directly as said pressure varies,-' and means for actuating the power inrying means to decrease the power uponan abnormal increase in said pressure. v

' In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses. s i J. F, M.. PATITZ. Witnesses: i H. C. CASE, I i G. F. DE WEIN.

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