US1057436A - Speed-control apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

M. E. LEEDS.

SPEED CONTROL APPARATUS.

APPLIoATIoN PILE sBPT.11,1911.

Patented Apr. 1, 1913.

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-Mo'nRIs E. Lienns, oF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA srEED-coNrnoL APPARATUS..

Specication of Letters retent. Application led September' 11, 1911. Serial No.1648,649.

Patented Apr. 1,1913.

ernon-the circuit contacts.' controlling any 15 desired circuit, but preferably 'a circuitconvice or governor depends for trolling the speed of @the motor or other. mechanism upon which the centrifugal deits speed. Myf invention resides in thelfeatures here- -in fter .described and claimed.

van illustration of some of the forms myffinvention may take reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing, in which: 'Figure 1 is an elevational view, parts in section, illustrating contact control by a centrifu'gal governor driven, by an electric motor. Fig. 2 is a diagram of one system of circuits which'm'ay beemployed fora series wound motor.. systjemof circuits which may be employed fora-shunt wound motor. Fig. 4-is a cross sectional view, some parts in elevation, of a -modi-tied form'-ofcentrifugaloontact gov-` ernor.' Eig. 5 is a cross sect in velevatoin, of a :further form of centrifugal "contact'governorl i Referring, to Fig. 1,M represents an electri'cmtor whose'armature or rotor is mounted upon' anddl'ves the shaft )1 mounted in theiisual Vbearings 2, 2. .Secured to the shaft 1 by screw' is thelcoupling 4 of insulating material 'upon which `is secured by7 screw -5 the wormf meshing-'with and driv- A ing the gear 7 ;montedjpon and driving the 4shaft 8'havig abearingf-in'lthe member` V9'. The-Shait 10 coaxial withthfelmotor'.v

shaftfl is secured to the :insulating-'coupling 4" by the screw 1 1.- The motonshaft 1 ,therefore iindrieal heb 1 2 itegnaiwith or secured to thesupportmggmemb'er or bracket. 13. At on the;arm 14fo the supportiI'g 1nem'-j be`r-or bracketl `is pivotedthe levier-16; 56 havmgsecred thereto orintegra'wl'therewith" Fig. 3 is a diagram of a onal view, parts drivesfbothv'the 'worin 6 and the shaafe asu-1o., 'Sefared upon the shaft/1o is the c'yi 'fwithzthe thelever arm 17l prefer-,ably screw threaded, upon which is threaded or yotherwise adjustably supported the governor weight 18. The lever arm 17. which with the lever arm 16 may be considered to form a bell crank lever, extends preferably substantially parlallel with the axis of the shaft 10. .To the lever arm 17 is attached one end of a spring 19, here shown under tension, whose other end is secured to the rod 20' passing through an arm 21 of the bracket 13, different tensions being put upon the spring 19 according to the position of the rod 20 which may.

be`v secured in any of its adjusted positions by the screw 22. The lever arm 16 carries the movable contact 23 adapted to engage the stationary contact 24 adjustable by screw 25, the latter carried by 'the arm 26 which lmay be upon the member 9. A lock-nut 27 may be provided to keepthe screw in its adjusted position. The contacts 23 and 24 are at the axis of rotation, the contacts 23 and 24 being coaxial with the shaft 10. By

Ythis arrangement of the contacts at the axis of rotatlon their Wear is very slight, and, furthermore, one of the-contacts may be stationary and thus avoid -a sliding contact for maintaining electrical 'communication therewith from an external circuit or device.

Thelever arm-16- is here shown as extending bayond the contact 23 into closel proximity tothe arm 21, which latter isprovided'ivith an indicating mark or device 28. The arm 16 carries at its end an indicating mark or device 29 which-by adjustment of the screw 25 may be brought exactly oppolsite the. indicating device or mark 28 to determine ther normalposition of the contacts 23 and 24'. In other words,'as the contacts 23 and 24 wear away `thespeed at which `=they are separated bythe Vcentrifugal governor-fmay change as the weargo'es on. he

downwardly and the normalosition is determined byjbringingthe Vin i'catingi device v29 exactly opposite the indicating -device 28',

zin which position the weight 18 is'at proper distanceffrom the axis of' rotation. I

The 'parte shaft' 1.o *rotate member 9 or any Varv p'artsfand these rotating parts are-1.11-

.afford electrical communication fwith the contact '23 'a carbon or otherbru's'h bear's 13,123,16, es, ete., drivenby the' freely without contacting of the station-y wear is 'taken up byv adi-usting'the screw 25 snlated b y the insulatedj'coupling 4. To`

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upon the cylindrical hub 12, of metal, which is in electrical communication through the metal parts-'13, 14 and 16 withl the contact 23. The brush is mounted in a socket in the conducting member or brush holder 31, the spring 32 keeping the brush 30 in' contact with the hub 12. One circuit wire, as 33, is connected to the brush holder 31, while the other circuit wire, as 34, is connected lto contact 24 through screw 25.

The operation is as follows: The motor drives the shaft 10 and rotates the bracket or the spring 19,k

supporting member 13;

,. weight 18, levers 16 and 17 and cont-act 23 -lever arm, while the contact 23 is on a long lever arm, and, in consequence, a slight movement of the weight 18 is accompanied by a relatively greater movement on the part of the contact 23. Therefore, u on a slight increase of speed abovev a pr etermined limit the slight outward movement of the weight 18 withdraws the 'contact 23 from engagement with the contact`24, breaking the circuit in which they are included. The

circuit including the contacts 23y and 24 may bey any circuit, and, as-above stated, is opened upon an increase of speed on the part of the shaft 10. Upon decrease of speed on the part of the shaft 10'the centrifugal force decreases and the spring 19 is able to return the contacts 23 and 24 into engaging position as shown in Fig. 1, in

which condition they continue until a later` increase of speed above a predetermined limit.

As shown in Fig. 1, the motor shaft 1 and the shaft 10 arevertical, the weight'18, contact 23 and associated parts rotat-in about a vertical axis. It is to 4be understoo however, that the'axis of rotation may be in other positions according to requirements.

By wa of example, the shaft v8 driven by gear through worm 6, mayin turn drive. the paperceding mechanism of'any suitable type of recorder, and may also drive the continuously rotating shaft 15 of. a recorder such as illustrated in my prior Patent No. 965,824, granted July 26, 1910.

l Thev` construction of governing' device illustrated in Fig. 1 is my preferred form because of the slight wearl upon the conv tacts ldue to their axial arrangement; be-

cause a very slight movement of the weight' serves to separate the cont-acts. a suilicient distance for vpractical purposes; and because, due to the arrangement of weight and spring, there is very slight friction at the pivot 15. r

The contacts 23 and 24 may Acontrol the motor M itself, so as to cause such motor to rotate at practically constant speed. even .when the motor windings are hot or cold and with wide iuctuations in the potential impressed upon the motor windings.

When the motor isa series wound motor thecontrol circuits may `be arranged as shown in Fig. 2. The current supply conductors are represented at and 36, the current supplied thereto being either direct current or alternating current. A resistance 37 of suitable magnitude may be in-` cluded in the motor circuit as occasion may require. AAnd an adjustable resistance 38 is mcluded in series with the motor windings, and for the purpose illustrated in Fig. 2 the resistance 38 is em loyed but the resistance 37 may be omitte The adjustable resistance 38, and the resistance 37 when employed, is in series with the motor windings of which 39 is the motor armature winding and 40, 40 the motor iield winding. The

.one contact, as 24, of the governing device is connected through conductor 34 to one termin'al of the resistance 38, while the other contact, as 23, is connected through conductor .33 to the vother terminal of the resist-ance 38. y

When the motor M is running below or at normal speed, the contacts 23 and 24 are.

' inr engagementthus short circuiting the resistance 38. When, however, the speed of the motor M rises above the desired or critical speed, the contacts 23 and 24 separate, as previously described, thus cutting into the circuit of the windings of the motor M the resistance 38, which causes the motor to slow down. With the resultant reduced speed the contacts 23 and 24 again comeinto engagement and short circuit the lresistance 38, allowing the motor t0 run at the normal -or desiredspeed, and when it again rises in speed these contacts separate again toagain cut in the resistance 38. Inl the continuous operation of the apparatus the contacts "23 are closed and separated from time to time to short circuit and to cut in the resistance` 38, so that the motor runs at a quite constant speed, and, indeed, by this arrangement, I

have-maintained the speed of the motor and the lfallparatus driven thereby so constant that t e paper in a recorder vhas been driven by the motor at a rate so constant as to be comparable with the rate of travel of the paper-when driven by clockwork, which, by this arrangement, may be dispensed with.

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a shunt wound motor as controlled bythe 'centrifugal govemor.l Here the supply conductors are again' represented by 35 and 36. The shunt field winding 41, 41 ism; au timessubjqcdj g, ybythe brushes 43, 43 with the supply conductos 35 .and 36. Bridged across the armature terminals is the adjustable resistance 44 in series with which are the governor contacts -23 and 24. In this case when the motor D is rotatingbelow or at normal speed the contacts 23 and 24 are separated. Butwhen the speed increases beyond the desired limit the contacts 23 and 24 are brought into engagement, thereby affording a path through the resistance 44 for current generated 1n the armature 39 now running as a generator and this current consumed in the resistance 44 electromagnetically brakes the motor reducing' its speed to normal or slightly be- Q low, when the contacts 23 and .24 are again separated. l

In lFig. 4 I have illustrated a form of governor .device in which, no` contact rotates with the governor' shaft. Here again 10 is represents the governory driving shaft which has secured upon it a bracket or supporting member 13 having an arm 14 and an arm 21, the latter receivingthe set-screw 22 to hold the rod in adjusted position, one end of the spring 19 belng secured to the rod 2O While its other .end is secured to the lever arm 17 integral with or secured to the lever arm 16, thus forming what maybe termed a bell crank lever, pivoted at' 15 in the bracket arm 14. The -Weifght 18 is -again provided and is adjustable longitudinally of the a`rm 17. At its outer iendthearm 16 has secured toit the axially extending membel' 45 which in'its rotation runs freely in lever 47 pivoted at 48 to the stationary bracket 49'. The member 45 ca rries a head between-which' and the member 45 is disposed the arm 46. v'Ihelever arm 47 carries the contact 23 which is adaptedto engagev the contact 24 carried bythe screw 25 engaging screws 52/to Ithe stationary bracket 49, but

,nects with the. metallic bracket 49. and is,f therefore, in electrical communication with the contact 23.; The other circuit wire, as 35, connects with, the insulated screw 25. rlhe stationary bracket 49 is. provided with a stop' 56 for limitingthe separation of the contacts 23 andl24. ,x 'In hoperation, when'the' speed increases beyond a desired limit the weight l'c'arries Y the arm 17 outwardly thus depressing arm 1.6 and'throu'gh thefmember' 45 and the head 50 depresse's -thegarm 4.6 with V relation 'to y6 5 iwhchthey are rotating, mbvlng the lever the arm 46 forming an extension uponthe in the lmetal block51 secured byl 4:7 and its Contact 23 in a clock-wise direction about the pivot 48 in the stationary bracket 49, thus bringing the contacts 23 engagement with each ot er. When th and 24 intospeed of the shaft 10 decreases the contacts 23 and 2 4 again separate. By .this arrangement all sliding contacts, such as 30-12 of Fig. 1, are dispensed with. Furthermore,

for a given outward movement of the weighty 18, there is a relatively greater movement of s the contact 23 due Yto the multiplication of distances due tothe relations of levers 17,' 16, 46 and 47.

A further form of governor is illustrated in'Fig. 5. Here the gdvernor shaft 10 carries a metallic cylinder 57 on the inside of which is a bracket 58 carrying the pivot 59 upon ,which are pivoted the ' lever arms 16 and 17, again secured to or integral with each other. Upon the arm 17 is the longitudinally adjustable Weight 18. A spring 19 having o'ne end vconnected to thelever 16 and the'other end connected to the cylinder 57 biases the parts to the position shown. On the inner side of the cylinder 57 at the end of the lever 16 isprovided a stop 60 for limiting the separation of'the contacts 23 and 24, the contact 23 being carried rby the lever 16 While the contact' 2 4 issuppcrted upon the cylinder 57 but insulated there- The contact 24 is connected to the slip ring y51 insulatedvfromthe cylinder 57 by the insulating ring 62. Upon the slip ring y61 bears a carbon` or other brush 63 and upon the hub 64 f the cylinder 57, bears the carbon or other brush 30 in'an arrangement similar .to that in Fig. 1. The brush 30 is in electrical communication-through the cylinder 57 bracket58 and lever'16 with the contact 23; and, as above stated, the contact 24 is in electrical communication with the .slip ring 61 and, therefore, with the brush y63. Here again if the speed increases beyond a critical or desired speed Athe `Weight 18 in .moving outwardly brlngs the contact 23 into :engagement with' contact '24 to .close any desired circuit. Here again the `contact '23 moves a relatively gratdistance compared tothe .weight 18.- j l Tli" ,rangeinents of Figs. 4'and' 5 may, of course,` control any circuit and may control the circuits as disclosed in Figs. 2 and 3, or their equivalents. i I have herein shown my centrifugal ernor as applied .to the controlv of 'speed of motors'having bcthconstantspeed and v9 riable speed characteristics.

Theright, angle bellA crank lever` Whose short arm extends substantiallyarallel to the axis of-rotation and carrieshe governor weight, is of advantage in that the adjustment'b the Weight on its arm varies the pull ofthe weight against the spring without, however, 'changing the radins of .the circle 'in which the `Weight revolves. By

rso

i posed in fixed relation with respect to said weight through a distance greaterthan the rigid contact actuated by the longer arm of porting. said bell crank lever upon said rotating member, one arm of said bell crank 4tion the centrifugal .force of these parts has the axis of rotation, a weight .disposed upon having the other armof the bell crank substantially at right angles tothe axis of rotaa minor infiuence, and the contact carried by this arm, may, in consequence, Wear away without having an influence on the critical speed. These advantages flow from the construction of bot-h Figs. 1 and 5.

What I claim is:

1.. In apparatus of the character described, the'combination witha rotatingmember, of a weight pivoted thereto and disposed upon an arm substantially parallel with the axis of rotation of said member, means opposing the movement of said weight, a contact disposed in said axis of rotation and in fixed re-y lation with respect to said Weight, and a co-l operating rigid contact.

2. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a rotating member, of a Weight pivoted thereto and disposed upon an arm substantially parallel Wi'lh the axis of rotation of said member, means opposing the movement of said weight, a contact. disposed in said axis of rotation andl in fixed relation with respect to said Weight, and a coperating rigid contact, said contacts be-, ing normally in engagement with each other.

3. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a rotating member, of a weight, a pivot supporting the same on said, rotating member on an arm substantially parallell with the axis of' rotation of said member, means opposing the movement of said Weight, a contactdis- Weight rotating with and actuated by said movement of said Weightsaid rotating contact disposed in the axis of rotation, andv a' neri-rotating contact adapted /to be engaged by said rotating contact, engagement of said contacts by each other positively limiting movement of said weight b said means.

4. In apparatus of the c aracter described, the combination. with a vrotating member, of a bell crank lever, a pivot supporting said bell crank lever upon said rotating member, one arm of said bell -crank lever extendingf substantially parallel with said arm, a tension spring attached to said arm and to said rotating member land opposing the outward movement of said weight, a

said bell crank lever, and a coperating rigid Contact. I

5. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a rotating member,`of a bell crank lever, a pivot suplever extending substantially'l arallel with the axis of rotation, a weight lsposed upon said arm, means attached `to said arm and opposing thejoutward movement of said Weight, a rigid contact actuated by the other arm ofsaid bell crank lever and dis posed in the axis of rotation, and a c0- operating rigid contact.

6. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a rotating member, ofA a Weight carried thereby on an arm substantially parallel with the axis of rotation and movable with respect thereto under the influence of centrifugal force, a springjscured at it'sone end to said rotating member and its other end to said arm opposing theU outward `movement of said Weight, a rigid axial contact carried in fixed relation with said Weight, and a coperating rigid contact adapted to be engaged bysaid first named contact. l

7. In 'apparatus of the character described, the combination with arotating member, of a weight carriedthereby on an arm substantially parallel with the axis of i relation with respect to said weight, and arigid stationary contact adapted to be engaged by said rotating contact.

8. In apparatus of`v the character described, the combination 'with a rotating member, of 'a bell-crank lever pivoted upon said rotating member, one arm of said bellcrank lever extending substantially parallel with the axis of rotation of'said member, a weight disposed upon sald arm, means at- .tached to said arm and opposing the out- Ward movement of said' Weight, a rigid axial contact carried by the other arm of said bell crank lever, and a second ri id contact adapted to be engaged by said rst named contact.

9. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a rotating shaft, of a member secured thereto, a leverl pivoted to said member, one arm of said lever extending substantially parallel with the axis of rotation of said shaft, a weight carried bysaid arm, a spring beyond the endof said shaft attached at its one end to said member and at-its other end to said! arm, another arm of said lever over-hung beyond the end of'said shaft, a rigid vcontact carried in fixed. relation withl said second lever arm, and a coperating ri 'd contact adapted to be engaged by saidv rst named contact. f w

.10. In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a rotating shaft, of a'bracket secured thereto, a lever pivot/ed to said bracket and having an arm extending substantially parallel with the axis of /rotation of said shaft', a weight on said arm, a spring attached at its one end to said arm extending across said shaft and secured at its other end to said bracket, said lever having a second arm extendin to the axis of rotation of said shaft, a rigi Contact actuated by said second arm, and a cooperating rigid Contact adapted to be engaged by said first named contact.

11. In apparatus ofthe character described, a rotating shaft, a bracket secured thereon, a rigid member pivoted on said bracket, a rigid Contact supported b said member in the axis of rotation o said shaft, a coperating rigid contact, a weight on said rigid member, and a s ring opposin'g outward movement of sai weight attached to said rigid member on the same side of the pivot with said weight.

f In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

MORRIS E. LEEDS.

Witnesses:

MAUD SHARPLEss, MABEL H. MACMUNN.

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