US1042423A

US1042423A - Envelop-machine.

Info

Publication number: US1042423A
Application number: US68409412A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph Froehlich
Original assignee: FERDINAND L SCHMIDT
Current assignee: FERDINAND L SCHMIDT
Priority date: 1912-03-16
Filing date: 1912-03-16
Publication date: 1912-10-29
Anticipated expiration: 1929-10-29

Description

J. PROEHLICH.

BNVBLOP MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.16.1912.

Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

5 SHBETS-SHEET 1.

Jos @ph Frac/z Zic/e J. FBOEHLIGH.

ENVELOP MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1111111.15, 1912.

5 SHEETSSHEETZ HIIIIIII ZEA- 42 ml Q- JM epi@ Fra Zick 777, Z y

fori/wy.

J. FROEHLIGH.

ENVELOP MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. Is, 1912.

1,042,423., Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

5 SHLETSASHEET 3 L @y mm J. FROBHLICH.

ENVELOP MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.16,.1912

1,042,423.. Patented 001;. 29, 1912.

5 S1IEETS-SHEET 5 Winew es: [mf/erwan- TNTTFD STATES PATENT FFTCF.

- JosEPH EEOEHLICH, or NEW YORK, N. Y., AssrGNoE T o FERDINAND L. SCHMIDT, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

ENvELoP-MACHINE.

To aZZ'wLom t may concern f' Be it known that I, JOSEPH FRoEHLIoH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Envelop- Machines, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to envelop machines and directly to that class thereof which are provided for forming from suitable blanks, open ended envelopsI adapted for use as drinkingcups. v

The object of the present improvements is to provide a machine of the classvspecified, of simple construction, rapid and reliable in operation and having its operative parts readily accessible for inspection and Iadjustment. v

To these ends my improvementscomprise parts and combinations of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein- .Figure 1 is a side elevation in 4sect-ion on

line

1, 1 of Fig. 2 of the preferred embodiment of my improvements. Fig. 2 is a front elevation corresponding with Fig. 1. Fig. 3

is a plan view corresponding with Figs. 1V

and 2. Fig. 4 is a detail plan view in section on line 4-4`of Fig. 1. Figs. 5 to 10 inclusive are diagrammatic side elevations illustrating successive steps in the operation of my improved machine. Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive show successive steps in the operation of folding the .envelop blank into a complete envelop as performed by my improved machine.

Bed 2 is conveniently supported by legs as 3`wl1ich latter are provided with bearings as 5 for main shaft 6 on which are fixed main gear 7 and several cams for imparting, through suitable connections, the required motions and timing to several of the operative parts of my improved machine. Above bed 2vis table 8 for receiving the blanks, Fig. 11, one by one, from some suitable source of supply, not shown. Said table 8 is supported from bed '2 by stanchion 9 and by

side walls

10, 11 of the folding box. For advancing the envelop blank in the plane of its length onto table 8 l provide a reciproeating device preferably comprising two

slides

12, 13 mounted in suitable grooves in said table. At their right hand ends, Fig. 1, said slides are provided with grippers, as 14 to slide 13, comprising a lixed lower jaw Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led Marchl, 1912.

Patented Oct. 29, 1912.

Serial No. 684,094.

i 15 and a pivoted upper jaw 16. Said upper jaw is alternately urged to its closed and open posltions by spring 17 in well known manner and dog 18, fixed to table 8 is provided for closing said upper jaw 16 against lower jaw 15 for gripping the blank at the forward end of the stroke, by engagement with pin 19 projecting fromsaid upper jaw. A similar dog 127 is provided adjacent the rear or discharge end of said stroke of slide 13 for engagement with said pin 19 for lifting said upper jaw 16, for liberating the blank. Gripper 20 of slide 12 is similarly mounted and actuated.

Slides

12, 13 are reciprocated from cam 21 on shaft 6 by the following means: Said slides have

ears

22, 23 fixed thereto about midway their lengt-hs and

links

24, 25 connect said ears with the upper ends of

arms

26, 27 all respectively. Said

arms

26, 27 are fixed to rock shaft 28 as is also downwardly reaching arm 29-car rying roll 30 for engagement with said cam 21. Rock shaft 28 is pivoted in bracket 31 `fixed to the rear legs, as 3. Pull spring 32 has one end thereof fixed to arm 27 and the other end to bracket 31 for urging roll 30 to engagement with cam 21.

A pair of

opposite stops

33, 34 are provided for engagement with the leading end 35 of the blank, Fig. 11, as that blank is delivered onto table 8 by

slides

12, 13. In rapid operation of the machine the blank may sometimes rebound from said stops and thus fail to be properly located for the next operation thereon. To locate and hold said blank against said stops have provided one or

more brushes

36, 37 rotating in clock wise direction, Fig. 1, and which brush lightly over the upper surface'of the blank. These brushes are lixed to shaft 38 revolublfy mounted in brackets k39, 40 on table 8. Sha t 38 has pulley 41 liXed thereto and is rotated from pulley 42 on main shaft 6 by means of i belt 43.

For making the main transverse fold in the blank, that is for transforming that blank from the showing of Fig. 11 to that of Fig. 12, I provide a pair of

folding rolls

44, 45 fixed `to

shafts

46, 47 respectively, mounted in bearingsin o ening 48 of table 8. Said shafts are gearec together by

gears

49, 50 and shaft 47 has pulley 51 xed to the outer end thereof. Table 8 is slotted at 59, to permit .the passage ofthe folded blank. For delivering the blank on a predetermined transverse line to said folding rolls I employ reciprocating blade 52 fixed tothe longer end of arm 53( Said arm is 58.

Rolls

44, 45 are-also efficient for delivering downwardly therebetween the folded blank of Fig. 12 to the side foldingmeans, which will'be next described.

A folding box, comprising side walls 10,l

1l, bottom 61 and front door 62 is located between bed 2 and'table 8. Said door 62 is pivotally mounted at 63 atthe lower right hand of said folding box, Fig. 1, and sides 10, 11 of said box recede upwardly and rearwardly from each other, from said axis 63 in conformity with the inclination of

edges

64, 65 of the finished envelop, Fig. 14. Door 62 has its

upstanding edges

66, 67 in conformity with the sides respectively of the folding box, Fig. 2, and said door is adapted to swing inwardly and downwardly into that box, there being sufficient clearance between

edges

66, 67 and

sides

10, 11 respectively to permit the passage of the upfolded side flaps 68, 69 of the envelop, Fig. 13. I )oor 62 in its receiving position, Fig. l, stands away, to the right, from the plane of the front edges of sides 10, l1 sufficiently to permit the downward passage of the folded blank of Fig. 12 between it and those edges. Door shaft 63 is mounted in

bearings

70, 71 fixed to bed 2 and has arm 72 fixed thereto. Said arm is pivotally connected to cam arm 73 bifureated at its lower end to engage shaft 6 and having roll 74 pivoted thereon for engagement with cam 75. Said cam acts to swing door 62 inwardly and downwardly through about 90 degrees to bottom 61, F 7, and to return that door to its receiving position, Figs. 1 and 6. Said door 62 is provided with a central slot 77 downwardly reaching from its upper edge lfor the passage therethrough ofretaining finger 78. Said retaining finger ispivotally mounted at 79 at that end of the folding box opposite door shaft 63 and preferably in a somewhat lower plane than that of said door shaft. Said finger is provided with cross arm 80 terminating in .Opposite downwardly turned fingers for engaging the side folded blank, Fig. 13, near the side fiaps 68, 69 thereof. Shaft 79 to whichfinger 78 is fixed is the pivotshaft on which bottom 61 of the folding box swings downwardly from the position of Fig. 8 to that of Fig. 10. For actuating finger 78 gear 81 is fixed to shaft 79 and is engaged bysegment gear 82 pivoted at .83 in bracket 84 of bed 2. Said segment gear 82 has downreaching arm r820, bearing "f3 roll 85 for engagement with cam 86. Spring 87` is efficient to urge said roll against said cam, and finger 78 toward bottom 61. The contour of cam 86 is such that said -finger is permitted not only to move from the lpositlon of Fig. 1 to coaction with bottom 61 but is further permitted to maintain that coactionv from the position'o-f Fio. 8 to that of Fig. 1 0. Said. finger 78l isefiiclent to hold the folded blank, Fig. 13, against bottom 61 during the retraction of door 62, Fig. 8 and cross arm 80 is efficient to hold the sides of the blank in position during the folding down o-f side fiaps 68, 69 from the 'positions of Fig. 13 to those of Fig. 14and saidyfinger and cross arm are then efficient to retain that fully folded envelop in position on said bottom 61 from the position of Figs. l8

and 9 to that of Fig. 10 and until that envelop isdischarged from said bottom. To efficiently perform these latter functions said finger must not grip the envelop against said bottom but must allow sufficient room to permit the free passage of the envelop from said bottom. To attain this end finger 78 is provided with heel 88 for engagement with abutment 89 on bottom 61 for preventing said finger from gripping the envelop to bottoni 61.

For folding down the upstanding side flaps 68, 69, Fig.. 13, I provide

opposite side folders

90, 91. As these side folders and their operating means are alike the deiscription of one vwill sufce for both. Side folder 90 is pivotally mounted in bracket 92 and has ear 93- thereof connected by link 94 with arm 95 fixed to rock shaft 96 rotatably mounted in bracket 97 spanning hole 98 through bed 2. Arm 99 bearing roll 100 for engagement with cam 101, is also fixed to rock shaft 96. By this means side folder 90 may be oscillated from its idle position of Figs. 2 and 4 to its operative position of Fig. 9.

For swinging bottom 61 downwardly and for delivering the fully folded envelop therefrom 1 employ the following means:

Said bottom is mounted freely on shaft 79 in bracket 84 in opening 102 in bed l2 between the lower portions of side walls `10, 11. Fivoted to said bottom at 103 remote from shaft 7 9, is cam arm 104 bifurcated at its lower end for engagement with shaft 6 and bearing roll 105 for coaction with cam 106. Said cam is ecient for swinging said bottom downwardly from the position of Fig. 8 to that of Fig. 10 into delivery position with the face of said bottom 1n line with the bite of discharge rolls 108, 109.

For ejecting the envelop from the face of said. bottom i provide a pair of

ejectors

110, 111, fixed to rock shaft 112 pivoted at 113 in bottom 61. Said ejectors reach upwardly through

slots

114, 115 in the face of said bottom for engagement with the rear or mouth end of said envelop. .firm 116 is lixed to rock shaft 112 and spring 117 is efficient to urge said ejectors towardv their idle positions Figs. 1, 4 and 8. Pin 118 isiixed in an outreaching ear of bracket 84 5 and when bottom 61 is swung downwardly, arm 116 collides with said pin and swings yejectors 110, 111 from the positions of Fig..

is as follows: Main shaft 6 being rotated in clockwise direction, Fig. 1, and the several parts of the machine being in the relative -positions shown in that figure, a blank,`

such for instance as 128 shown in Fig. 11, is presented to and engaged by

grippers

20 and 14 of

slides

12, 13 respectively. ySaid blank has been previously provided with gum on side, flaps 68, 69. Slides .12, 13 then reciprocatev to the left, Fig. 1, advancing the `blank in the plane of itslength and delivering it 'againststops 33, 34. Coincident with said delivery,

grippers

20, 14 Iare opened by engagement with dogs as 127, and brushes 36, 37 engage the blank to locateA and hold l it against said stops. Blank 128 is thereby positioned with the lineof its majn trans- 44, and directly below the `edge of blade 52. Said blade thereupon descends and delivers said blank on that predetermined transverse line to the bite of said rolls, Fig.

4o 5. Said rolls revolving in the directions of their respective arrows, then deliver the once folded blank to the side folding means, against the inner face of door 62, side flaps 68, 69 of the blank projecting transversely 45 beyond said door and in front of upstanding edges 66,. 67 offolding box side walls 10,-

11 respectively, Fig. 6. Said door 62 then swings inwardly between said side walls, folding Aup side flaps 68, 69 to the positions of Fig. 13 and delivering the thus folded blank against bottom 61. During the latter part of the inw-ard and downward movement of door 62 retaining linger 78 starts to swing downwardly through slot'77 of said door toward bottom 61 and presently comes to rest just above the blank with its heel 88 against abutment 89` of said bottom, and with the downwardly turned fingersof cross arm 80 just above the blank contiguous to side flaps 68, 69. Thereupon door 62 returns to its initial receiving position, all as in Fig. 6. Said blank is now ready for the folding down of gummed side fia s 68, 69 which folding is performed by si e folders 65 90, 91, Fig. 9. The envelop is thereby subverse fold 129 directly above the bite of rollsv stantially completed and there remains only its final ironing and dischargeI to be performed. This I preferably accomplish by means of discharge rolls 108, 109 conveniently disposed below thel folding box, in coaction with

ejectors

110, 111. For bringing the envelop into delivery position relatively to said rolls bottom 61 and retaining finger 78 swing downwardly on their common axisv and said ejectors push the envelop downwardly over the now inclined face of said bottominto the bite of rolls 108, l109 which rolls thereupon iron the envelop anddischarge `it from the lmachine, Figs. 10 and 14.

I claim:

1. A11 envelop machine including in combination, a pair of rotating coacting lfolding rolls for forming the main transverse fold and for` delivering the folded vblank Ito the side folding means, a reciprocating blade for deliveringsaid blank on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls, means for delivering a blank between said rolls and said blade; such side folding means consisting of a folding box having opposite sidewalls, a door actuated to enter said box and in coaction with the side walls of said bbx to fold upwardly the side apswof the blank and to deliver the blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side iaps down onto t-he body of the envelop and an ejector actuated for delivering the envelop from said bottom to the discharge rolls.

2. An envelop machine including in oombin'ation, a pair of rotating coacting folding rollsy for forming the main transverse fold' and for delivering the folded blank to the Iside folding means, a reciprocating blade for delivering said Vblank on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls, ireans for delivering a blank between said rolls and said blade; such side folding means consisting of a folding box having opposite 116 side walls, .a doorv actuated to enter said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold upwardly the side flaps of the blank and to deliver the blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side fiaps down onto the body of the envelop, al pair of discharge rolls adjacent to said box, a pivotally mounted ejector and means for actuating said ejector for delivering the envelop from said bottom to 120 the discharge rolls.

3. An envelop machine including in combination, a pair of rotating coacting folding rollsl for forming the main-transverse fold and for delivering the folded blank to the side folding means, a reciprocating blade for deliverlng said blank on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls, means for delivering a blank between said rolls and said blade; such side folding means con- 13@ sisting of'a folding box having opposite side walls, a door actuated to enter said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold upwardly the side flaps, of the blank and to deliver they blank onto the folding box bottom, la retaining finger forholding the folded blank against the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of ,they envelop, a pair nof discharge rolls .adjacent to' said box, a pivotally mounted ejector' and means for actuating said ejector for deliverf -ing the'envelop from said bottom to the 'discharge rolls.

4;. An envelop machine including in combination, a pair of rotating coacting folding rolls for forming the main transverse fold and forvdelivering the folded blank to the side folding means, a reciprocating blade for delivering said blank on a predeter mined transverse line nto said rolls, means for delivering a blank between. said rolls and lsaid blade; 'such side" folding means consisting of a folding box having opposite side walls located for definingthe opposite side folds. of the blank, a door pivotallyv -mountedat its/lower edge and actuated to swing into'. said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box 'to fold upthe side/flaps of the blank vand for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, op-

posite side folders for folding the side flaps' down onto the body of the envelop and means for 'ejecting the envelop.

' 5. An envelop machine including inv combination, a pair of rotating coacting folding rolls for forming thevmain transverse fold and for delivering the folded blank to the side `folding means, a reciprocating blade for delivering said blank on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls, means.

for delivering a blank betweeny said rolls and said blade; said side folding means consisting of a folding box having opposite side walls. located for defining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and'actuated to swing into said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold up the side flaps of the blank and ,for delivering said blank onto" bination, a pair of rotating coacting folding:

rolls for forming the main transverse fold and for delivering the folded blank to the side folding means, a `reciprocating blade for delivering said blank `on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls, means for delivering a blank between said rollsand saidblade, said side folding means consisting of a folding vbox having opposite side walls-located for defining the lopposite side folds` of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and actuated to lswing into said box and in coaction with the side walls of ysaid box to fold up the 'side flaps of the' blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, op-

posite side folders for folding the side flaps 4down onto the body of the envelop, means for moving the folding box bottom outwardly fromthe folding box, a pair of discharge'rollsbelowsaid box, an ejector carried'by said bottom and means for actuating said ejector for delivering the envelop from said bottom to the discharge rolls.

7. An envelop machine including in combination, a` pair ofrotating coacting foldin rolls lfor foi-'ming the main transverse fold and for delivering the folded blank to the side folding means, a reciprocating blade fordelivering said blank on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls, means forI delivering a' blank between said rolls and said blade, such side folding means consisting of a folding box having opposite side walls located for. defining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and actuated to swing into said box and in coaction with the side walls 'of said box to .fold up the side flaps of the blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding boxv bottom, opposite side folders for folding the-side flaps down onto the'body of the envelop, av folding box bottom pivotally mounted at its rearward end, means for swinging said bottom on its pivot, outwardly from said box, and means for ejecting the envelop.

8. An envelop machine including in combination, a pair of rotating coacting folding rollers for forming the main transverse fold and for .delivering the .folded blank ,to the side folding means,l a .reciprocating bladev for' deliverlng said blank on a predetermined transverse line-to said rolls, means for delivering a blank between vsaid rolls andl said blade, said side-folding means consist ing of a folding box having opposite side walls located `for defining the opposite side folds of the-blank, a door pivotally mount, ed at its lower edge and actuated to swing intosaid box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold .up the side flaps of the blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop, a folding box bottom pivotally mounted at its rearward end, a pair of discharge rolls adjacent .to said box,

v'means for swinging "said folding box botico tom on its pivot, outwardly from said .box into delivery position relatively to said discharge rolls, an ejector carried by said bottom and means'for actuating said ejector for delivering the envelop from said bottom to the discharge rolls.

9. An envelop machine including in combination, reciprocating means for advancing a blank in the plane of its length, a gripper on said blank advancing means, means at the receiving end of the stroke of ther blank advancing means for closing said gripper and mea-ns at, the discharge end of' said stroke for opening said gripper, a stop for said blank, a rotating brush for locating and holding the blank against said stop, a

-pair of rotating coacting folding rolls for forming the main transverse fold and for delivering the folded blank to the side folding means, a reciprocating blade for delivering said blank on a predetermined transverse line to said rolls; said side folding means consisting of a folding box having opposite side walls located forfdefining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door actuated to enter said box and in coaction .with the side walls ofsaid box to fold upwardly the side flaps of the blank and to deliver the blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop and means for ejecting the. envelop.

10. An envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having opposite side walls7 a pivotally mounted door actuated to enter said box and in coaction with the side walls of` said box to fold upwardlythe side flaps of the blank and to deliver the blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite pivotallyniounted side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop and means for ejecting the envelop.

11. An envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having opposite side walls located for defining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and actuated to swing into said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold up the side flaps of the blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop, a folding box bottom pivotally mounted at its rearward end, means for swinging said bottom on its pivot, outwardly from said box, and means for ejecting the envelop from said bottom.

12. An envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having side walls located for defining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and actuated to swing into said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold up the side fiaps of the blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop, a folding box bottom pivotally mounted at its rearward end, meansV for swinging said bottom on its pivot, voutwardly from said box, a pivotally mounted ejector, means for actuating said ejector for delivering the envelop from said bottom.

`13. An envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having opposite side folds of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and actuated to swing into said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold up the side flaps of the blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, a retaining finger, smeans for actuating said finger for holding the folded blank against the folding box bottom, said front door having an opening therethrough for the passage of the retaining finger, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop, means for moving the folding box bottom outwardly from the folding box and meansv for ejecting the envelop from said bottom.

14. An envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having opposite side .walls located for defining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door pivotally mounted at its lower edge and actuated to swing into said box and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold up the side flaps of the blank and for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, a retaining finger, means for actuating said finger for holding the folded blank against the folding box bottom, said front door having an opening therethrough for the passage of the retaining finger, opposite side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop, a folding box bottom pivotally mounted at its rearward end, a pair of discharge rolls below said box, means for swinging said folding box bottom on its pivot, outwardly from said box into delivery position relatively to said discharge rolls, an ejector carried by said bottom and means for actuating said ejector for delivering the envelop from said bottom to the discharge rolls.

15. An envelop machine including in combination, reciprocating means for advancing a blank in the plane of its length, a stop for said blank, means for locating and holding the blank against said stop, means for folding the blank on a predetermined transverse line and delivering the folded blank to the folding box, said folding box having opposite side walls located for defining the opposite side folds of the blank, a door actuated to enter said box and in' coaction with the side walls of said box to fold upwardly the side flaps of the blank and to deliver the walls located for defining the 'opposite side blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite side folders for folding the side iiaps down onto the body of the envelop and means for ejecting the envelop. "e

16. An envelo machine including in combination, a fol ing box having a ,bottom movable outwardly therefrom, a retaining finger pivoted on said bottom, means for ac.

' tuating said finger for holding the folded blank against the folding box bottom, opposite pivotally mounted side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the body of the envelop and means for moving the folding box bottom outwardly from the folding box, without disturbing the relation ofthe retaining finger to said bottom.

17. An envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having a pivotally mounted bottom, means for folding the side flaps, a pair of discharge rolls below said box,.a retaining finger pivotally mounted on said bottom, means for actuating said` ally mounted on said bottom, means for actuating said n'ger for holdingr the folded blank a ainst the folding box bottom, means for' folding the side flaps, a pair of discharge rolls below said box, means for Swingin said bottom on its pivot outwardly from said box into delivery position relativelyI to said dischar e rolls without disturbin lthe-'relationo the retaining finger to sai bottom and means for ejecting the envelo from said bottom.

l 19. envelop machine including in combination, a folding box having opposite side walls located for' defnin the opposite side folds of the blank, a folding box bottom, a door pivotally mounted atits lower edge and'actuated to swing into said box' and in coaction with the side walls of said box to fold up the side Haps of the blankand for delivering said blank onto the folding box bottom, opposite pivotally mounted side folders for folding the side flaps down onto the bodyof the envelop and means for ejectin the envelo from said bottom. v.

igned at NEW York, N. Y., this 13th day of March, 1912, before two subscribing wit,- nesses.

.iosnrn rRonHLicfH.

Witnesses:

WILBUR M. S'roNE, ELIoT L. WILLIAMS.