US1039307A - Armature-winding. - Google Patents

Description

, J. F. MOELROY.

ARMATURE WINDING. APPLIoATIoN FILED 001:21, 1905.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

i "Q rm... La In? J. I'. MUELROY. ARMATURE WINDING. LPPLIoA'Hox rILnn 001221, 1905.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912 2 SHEETS-SHEET/Z.

, tion and accompanying- UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.

JAMES F. MQELROY, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

T0 THE UNITED STATES LIGHT & CORPORATION OF MAINE. y

HEATING COMPANY, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., A

-i y.unlul'runE-wnnymc..

Application led October 21, 1905. Serial No. 283,735.

To all whom it may concern Be it .known that I, JAMES F. McELRoY, a citizen of lthe United States, residin at Albany, in the county of Albany and tate of New Yorkyhave' invented certain new and useful Improvements in Armature- Windings, of which the following specificadrawingillustrate the invention in a form which now regard as the best out of the various forms in which it may be embodied.4

Figure A1 ott-he drawing shows a diagram of 1my winding, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 show detai s.

, My invention relates to an armaturewinding similar to that of my Patent No.

753,422, of March 1, 1904, wherein the winding comprises a number of multiple branches between the opposite brushes, the potential being .equalized between these several branches at certain speciied points. Thev coils are so arranged that each multiple branch vwill include between the said points the entire magnetic flux from-a multiplicity of field magnetpoles, so that any inequalities of distribution of this linx between the several poles may be neutralized in each of the said branches. In addition the equipovtential points are electrically cross-connected to further insure the desired equality.

My present invention involves a winding of the same general character and consists in so arranging the winding, that in each slot of the armature there will be a wire (or several wires forming succeeding turns of a coil) from each one of the several multiple circuits of which the winding is composed. By this contrivance, Iam enabled to effectivly balance the entire winding, locally an as ent may be omitted, although such cross connections will still be required inthe event of the machine being used with a number of brllishes less than the number of magnet. po es.

My invention applies to multipolar machines having any desired number of poles, but, for simplicity of illustration, I show a whole, so that the cross connections employed in the winding of my former patit applied to a four-pole machine and the following description will be addressed to a machine of that character. The application of the invention to machines having more than four poles will be ap-parent to those familiar with armature windings.

` Turning to the of the drawing, are lettered respectively A, B, C, and D, and according to well known principles, will be of alternate polarities, A and C, for eX- ample, being north poles and B and D south poles. E represents the commutator which, as a matter of illustration, is shown as provided with 40 segments corresponding to 40 coils, the two sides of each coil lying respectively in slots in the armature 90 apart. There are four brushes, two positive and two negative, represented as bearing upon the commutator at 90o-intervals, while the commutator is shown as cross-connected in the manner exhibited in my former patent aforesaidthat is to say-every other segment is cross connected to a segment diametrically opposite. The winding is divided into four parallel paths, each containing l() coils in series. There are also 20 slots in the armature. The tour parallel circuits just mentioned are distinguished in the drawing by the number of darts marked thereon to indicate the route of the current from an incoming to an outgoing brush. Thus the irst circuit is marked with single darts, the second-circuit Iwith two darts, the third circuit with three darts, andthe fourth circuit with four darts. Each one of these four circuits passes in its course through all of the '20 slots of the armature entering in order the corresponding slots under the several poles in succession and moreover, in passing through these slots one after another, it alternates in position lying at the top of one slot and at the bottom of the next succeeding slot along its course, which is preferably top and bottom of a slot I mean positions in the upper and lower parts of the slot respectively and not necessarily the extreme top or extreme bottom. It also changes-its diagram found in Fig. 1

the four field-magnet poles Patented sept. 24,1912.

position with respect to the sides et the slots, which may be designated respectively as the front side and rear side with respect to the rotation of the armature .which we may regard as being in a clockwise direction. In each slot also the current is of the same direction in all of the wires in that slot. Thus each. circuit in its course from brush to brush, not only passes under all of the tour poles, as in my former arrangement so as to embrace the entire 4flux, but in addition it traverses all of the armature slots in a systematic order so as to have what may he termed the same distribution of its several turns within the fiuX that is found in every other one of the several multiple circuits,

,and furthermore its aforesaid alternation circuits.

.the numbers being and change oi position in the slots with respect both to the-top and bottom of the slots and to the back and rear sides of the slots A affords a balance, thatportion of its length which lies in the tops of the slots being bal-y anced by a corresponding portion which lies in the bottoms and that portion which lies in the front sides of the slots being' balanced by a corresponding' portion which lies in the rear sides'Lj' By t multiple circuits not only embraces the entire flux but has the same local relation thereto as every In the drawing each circuit is numbered at the point where it passes through a slet, arranged inf/arder from l to 20, the numbers not only`indicate the route of the circuit, but also indicate the potential atta-ined at different points. Thus if one volt were generated in the circuit at each slot, the total electromotive torce would be 20 volts and the difference ot potential two points of the same circuit, or between points of two different circuits, will be indicated by the diiierenee between the numbers at the respective points. between a point marked 2 on one circuit and a point marked 4 on the same or on another circuit there will be a potential difference of two volts. I prefer to wind the coils composing these circuits in pairs, there being` etween two wires in any one pair but a small difference of potential. For example, in the slot I, directly under the center or pole A, the two wires lying in the bottom ofthe slot (indicated by dottedlines)` aire niimbcred respectively 9,and ll, while the `pair of wires lying-,intlie top ot the slot y:This will be found his means each ot' the Aother one of the multiple Thus,

of the bottom pair are marked 2 and 4 and those ot the upper pair 1S and 20. By following any one ot the four circuits, its route from brush to brush may he readily traced. .i41 or example, we may trace the first circuit (distinguished by the single darts) from the brush a, whence it Igoes, first, to the slot IH, thence to the-slot IV., where it is marked 2, thence to the commutator ser ment 22, thence to the slot IX, where it is marked 8, thence to the is marked 4, thence to commutator segment 23, thence to the slot X, where it is'marked 5, thence to the slot XV, where it is marked 6 and around to the opposite side of the con'm'iutator to segment 4t. ihence it goes to slot XX, whe-re it is marked 7, to the slot V, where it is marked 8, 4and so on through each one et the 20 slots until it terminates at commutator segment 31 under the opposite brush a? (shown as cross connected to brush l dart circuit not only passes under each one I ci the tour poles in its course from brush to brush, but also traverses all or the 20 slots New it we trace this same circuit again, it will also appear that its 2O eX- cursions through the 20 slots are distributed systematically and in a corresponding relation to the four poles. rihus, it we assign .ve slots to each of the four poles ILE., (l and l), the circuit will at the beginning traverse the iirst slot under pole A, then the first slot luider-"pole .i3 and so on, after which it wiilliraverse in order the second slots under the .teur poles, then the third, fourth and iii'th slots. rlihis may be described by saying that each circuit traverses in order the corresponding generative .positions under each pole of the field. magnet. Again, these 2O excursions ot the circuit through the 2() slots in series are halt' of them through the 'top portions rif the slots and half of them through .the'bottm portions, and they are moreover equally divided hetwccn the front or forward sides of the slot and the back Thus, referring again to Fig. l, the aforesaid singlc-dart circuit start-ing from commutator segment l goes iirst to slot XIX which we may regard as the first slot under pole ifi, where, as shown by :tull lines, it lies in the top of this slot and, as shown by its relation to the wirc in the same slot, it iies to the rear or slot (the said wire 3 lying` en'the t'orward or leading side oit the slot) assuming that the armature is rotating in a clockwise direction. Bearing these indications in mind the entire route of this single-dart circuit Vfrom brush a, bearing on commutator segment i, to brush al, bearing; on commutator segment El, n'iay be shown by the t'oiiowing' table which also shows the position of each turn in the armature iiuif; (by thecolumns or rearward sides.-

backward side of the slot XIV, where it Y entitled Pole and Polar order and the osition orv each turn in the slot both vertically and laterally.

Y i Commu- Tum Slot No. Position in slot. tator segment.

rem. From 1 2. To 22 5 7. 8. 5. 9 10 2G. 1.1 12 27. 13.. 14.. 3. 16.. 16.. Bottom, front. 9. 17 Top, rear.

1S.. ottoin, i' f 30. 19. op, iront. 2G iottom, .iront 4 31.

In the manner, une ofi the four parallel circuits will one brush to the electrically opposite brush. The result of this is that all of the .tour parallel circuits lare subjected to the same conditions7 in that each one talring its route as a Whole, experiences 'the condition existing at each and all oi the 20 slots. Not only is the total e. m. i. in each ot the tour circuits the same, but the electroinotive forces in the four are equalized at each slot. In other Words the distribution as well as the total of electromotive 'torce is the saine in each ot the tour circuits. It

therefore becomes possible to run the armature at 'unequal distances from the four poles with the magnetic distribution thereby greatly distorteda or to even remove one of the tour pole pieces entirely, when, outside of some diminution in the electromotive torce of the machine, there will he no ill eillects produced from the mag netic inequality, since that inequality at'- tects each ot the four circuits equally at whichever ot the several slots it may occur.

It will be noted that in the illustration I have given, the number oi?v slots is a multiple of the number ot field magnet poles and that each coil spans an arc or' exactly 90 rlhis is my preferred arrangement,-although sonic departure from such proportions is permissible.

By reference to Figs. Q, 3 and l the fundamental scheme upon which the structure composing the winding above described'is based can be understood. In Fig. 2 there are indicated two coils A X and B D fc`on nected to the commutator E, and shown in the drawings in the order in whichthey are arranged in the slots. i Ot' these two coils A X has its terminals connected respectively to the two commutator segments 1 and 22, the latt er being the segment next beyondythe one which is 180 from the former; Whereas be' 'found to passv slots in going trom` the coil B D has its terminals connected to the adjacent commutator segments 2 and 3.

These two coils I bind together, so that the slot-Wires A and B Will rest in the top of a slot as indicated at Fig. 3, (showing f2-turn coils) While the slot-Wires X and I), 90 from A and B, will rest in the bottom of their slot. The order of the wires in the slot is that shown in Fig. 2 which serves to give the nal degree of absolute uniformity in the relation of the coils with respect to the magnetic flux. In Fig. 4 I have shown a duplication of the two coils illustrated in Fig. 25 the rically opposite the irst set and symmetrically connected to the commutator. An i11-y spection of this tigurewill show that the coil A X on one side' is in series Witlrthe coil B Il on the opposite side; and that a pair ott coils thus connected in series will yembrace the entire magnetic flux of the machine, according to theprinciple laid down in my patent aforesaid, so that any greater density ot the flux on one side, and a consequent greater electromotive force of the coil on that side, Will be evened up by a less dense flux and a consequent lower electromotive torce on the opposite side. When a series of these sets of coils are applied in the same manner around the entire armature it will be found that they compose a Winding having the character set forth -in the preceding explanation. I may add lthat there will also be the same direction of current in alll vthe wires contained -in any one Iot, and in all of the slots pertaining to any one one pole to another will be simultaneous in all of the Wires in a slot, Which is not the case in my formel-arrangement, nor'in ordin ry windings heretofore employed. There is also'the Aminimum difference of potential 'between wires that are wound together and included in the same slot.

lllhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

second set being placed diamet' pole. The reversal in passing from y l. An armature-winding for dynamo elec-4 tric machines of the multipolar type, having a plurality of circuits in multiple, equal in number to the number of field magnet poles, each of the multiple circuits containing coils in series embracing two or more branches of the magnetic flux, and each circuit traversing Vall of the generative positions on the face of the armature, and each generative position including a wire from each circuit.

Q. An armature-winding for dynamo electric' machines of the multipolar type, having a plurality of circuits in multiple equal in number to the number of field-magnet poles and V each circuit embracing two or more branches ofthe magnetic flux and traversing each generative position on the face of the armature an equal number of times.

3:* -An armature-winding for dynamo elecslots and a coil of tric machines of the multipolar type, having' more than two circuits .in n'iultiple, each circuit comprising coils in series eml'iracing;Y two or more branches oil the magnetic fluir. and each circuit traversing each generative position on the armature an. equal number of times in the same relation to the llui; as every other one of the said circuits.

4. vln an armature for dynamo elect-ric machines of the niultipolar type, a slotted core7 more than two circuits in multiple7 cach embracing two or more branches ot the .magnetic flux and traversing all oi the armature slots the same num-ber of times, and bea-ring the same relation to the flux as every other circuit and passingr alternately through the top and bottom portions respectively of the slots traversed successively by it in its course.

5. In an armature for dynamo electric machines ot the 'multipolar type, a slotted core, a pluralityT ot circuits in multiple the number of which is equal to the number of iielcl magnet poles, said circuits embracing' tWo or more branches oit' the magnetic flux and composed of coils arranged in the armature-slots in pairs, the wires ot' a pair lying alternately in the top and bottom oi the one pair being connected in series with the coil of adiametrically opposlte pair.

6. ln an armature 'for dynamo electric machines of the multipolar type, a slotted gore, a plurality ot multiple circuits the number of which is an integral multiple ot the number of field magnet poles, each circuit embracing' the several branches ot the magnetic flux and trai'ersingj each one of an. even number o armature same number ot' times in passing,T from the positiveto the negative terminal of the circuit.

ln an armature for dynamo electric machines of the multipolar type, a. slotted core, a pluralityv ot circuits in n'iultiple, the number ot which is a multiple oit the nurnber of field magnet poles. each circuit ein bracing' the several branches of thc magnetic flux and traversing cach one at' au even number of. armature slots tlic same number of times in passing?r from the positive to the negative terminal oig the circuit. and having as a. Whole the same relation to the magnetic flux as cach of the other ones of the said circuits.

tl. ln an armature for dynamo electric machines of the multipolar type. a slotted core, more than two multiple circuits each embracing' two or "more branches ot (lie magnetic flux and traversing' all of the slots 0r generative positions ou the Atace ot the armature and each circuit comprising' coils l slots the ,ser

in series of which cach two series-coils terone or more, of wires from cach of the sercral multiple circuits.

l0. ln an armature for dynamo electric machines of the niultipolar type9 a slotted core, more than two circuits in .multiple enibracing two or more branches of the inagnctic linx anu arranged in au even number oi' armature-slots cach of"whicl1 contains one or more wires from each of the several nmltiple circuits.

l1. .ln an armature for dynamo electric machines ot the multipolar type, a slotted core, more than two circuitsI in. multiple einbracingtwo or more branches of 'the man notie linx and arranged in an eren number ot armature-slots each oit which contains one or more wires from each of the several multiple circuits, the wires being arranged in the same order in each slot.

l2. in armature-rrindinggn for a multipolar dynamo electric machine, haring' more than two 'circuits in multiple, each circuit embracingF two or more bra clics oli' the mae'- netic .flux and the conductor composing cach circuit traversing in order the corresponding generative positions under each pole ot the lielol magnet.

lf). ln an armature .tor a l'nultipolar tlvnamo electric machine, a slotted core, more than two circuits in multiple, each circuit embracing two or more branches ot the mar netic lluit and traversing' in order the correM spending generative positions under each pole of the field magnet. and also occupying' balanced or compensating' positions in the several slots through which it passes.

ist. an armature winding' tor a noir. r dynamo electric irachinc` iuirin plurality ot circuits in multiple equal in number to the number ol ticld magnet poles, and each i circuit embracingr two or .more branches ot the magnetic linx. and the condoctor composing cach circ' .traversing in order tbc mn'responding' ,generative positions under cach pole oiE the field inap' i ft.

in testimony ivlicreolu l have hexz'funo mi" hand in tl presence ci two subscribing witnesses., the ltltli dav of tlctobrogltl. Jiirlil lltl l?. ill'cllljlll Y.

Y. Vr itncsscs:

lmiinxn llanta. lilnnus'r l). Janson;

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