. TURNER.

1P REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 19, 1911.- 38% Pazensemu 2%, 1912.

SHEET 1.

4 SHEETS- mvEN-rbn g -.C.A.P.TURNER. REINFORCED CONCRETE GOHSTRUGTION. APPLICATION FILE JAN-19,1911.-

j 1,036,384, Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

/ j I fi l3 4 I v 43/ WITNESSES A 0. A. P. TURNER. REINFORCED woman CONSTRUCTION.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 19, 1911. f ggg ggg; Patented Aug. 20, 1912 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WIIT-NEISSES milzNTo R G.A. P.TURNER. REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 19 1911. I I 1,36,38. Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

. SHEETH-SH TZET 4.

INVENTOR CLAUDE A. 3?. TURNER, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTZEL.

REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ZPatenterl. 2Q 1%112.

Application filed January 19, 1911. Serial No. 603,562.

To all whom, it may concern it known that I, CLAUDE A. P. TURNER, of Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and in the State of Minnesotmhave invented a certain new and useful Improvementin Reinforced Concrete Construction, and do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Practice has shown that the utilization of the principle of the circular flat plate in the .J oo slab of reinforced. concrete construc' t in results in economy of msterialboth co fee and steel anrl the prin'iary object my invention is to provide an arrange- .ien't of reinforcement that will come as nearly as may be to the provision oi reinforcement in the form of a continuous homogeneous plate of circular form, which is the basis of the mathematical flat plate theory, and whose peculiarity is the compensating acti n of the radial and circumferential s resses, which, or" course, are those that enter into the problem of providing proper or adequate reiniorcen'ient tor the floor slab of concrete. in connection with this object, my invention Will he found to embody a pe culiar character of reinforcement for the floor slab, whether supported by columns, or

piers, either directly or through beams, or by walls. 4

lily invention also has to do with a form of reii'rforcement in which the floor is supported on columns or piers. whereby the proper arrangement of the metal over the colunms, or points of support, which .is estor the production oil a cantaliver effect for supporting the intermediate slab may be secured. and in which connection there must be taken into account the radial and circumferential stresses that are developed under a load which bends a circular section oi the floor concentric with the support dcwvnward and which results in the stretching or straining of the ill'JQl's' in the upper, tension Zone, both radially and circumtm'eutially with the circumfercniial dis tortion being i-ii llii times ihea'adial distortion.

the accompauying drawiiw's:-l igure is a top plan view of a column supported iloor slab embodyinnone form of my invention: Fig. .5, is a :vertical section thereof on the line tb -.3 of liig. l: Fig. Cl, is a detail view, in section, in an enlarged scale: Fig. 4, is a top plan View similar to Fig. 1 of an other embodiment of my invention: Fig. l? is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig.

is a vertical section of the construction shown in Fig. l; Figs. 6 and 7 are, respectively, similar views to Figs. 1 and 2, of yet another embodiment of my invention: Figs. 8 and 9 are, respectively, similar views to Figs. 0 and T, respect-ively, ot still another form of my invention.

As I have already pointed out, as far as is concerned the matter of securing as close as possible an approximation to a circular continuous plate for reinforcement, which would he the ideal, or theoreticaly perfect slab reinforcement) it is immaterial how the floor slab is supported. I accordingly in all the drawings show the by said close approXimat-ion to said continuous plate, variously supported. Thus in Figs. 1 and 2, it is directly supported, by columns 11; in Figs. l and 5, by columns ll. with intermediate broad beams 1523, producing a panel effect on the ceiling or underside oi the slab; and in Figs. (3 to 9 by columns ll. and interposed beams or girders 13. Said slab reinforcement consists of a circular, or substantially circular, open, framework concentric with the slain center be tween supports, and reaching well toward each of the sides of the slab, considering as its sides, lines running directly from support to support, andot any one of a varied arrangement of straight rods traversing the slab. including that portion immediately contiguous to said :l'ramework. and. preferably, beneath the latter. is illustrated in Figs. l to T. said li'a111e\voi-lc has the form of a spiral 130 bent or deflected axially out having all its coils within the slab from top to bottom thereof. lhe straight rods llll may he simply a two-way arrangement, as shown, in Figs. 4 amt 5, in which they trav crse the slab in parallel, intm'sci-tins, lines at right angles; or a fouruvay arrangementas shown in Figs. 1 to 3, in which they traverse the slab in groups or belts extending from column to column directly, or in the shortest direction. and diagonally. or in the longest direction: or. as shown in Figs. 3 and T, said rods may be the rods .31 arrnugcd twoways, as in Figs. l and 5, with "Tulips of floor slab reinforced running from column parallel rods 14 obliquely traversing the slab at the corners slightly overlapping and beyond the spiral or circular framework. 'lhe circular framework, instead of being a spiral, may, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, be in the form of independent, concentric rings 15, (the spiral, in substance, of course, being in eifect a group of concentric rings) preferably tied together, by a suitable connection 150 between contiguous rings for convenience in handling and lie ping the separate rings in place during the laying or pouring of the concrete. I prefer the spiral, however, be cause it is in one piece, so that the necessity of holding the rings in proper relation, as well as that of joining the ends of an inde pendent ring, is avoided, the construction thus being both cheaper and more convenient to form'and handle. The straight rod arrangement shown in Figs. 8 and 9 is the same as that shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The slab reinforcements are carried toward the top of the slab over the supports, and toward the bottom of the slab between sup ports, so that they are in the location to take the tensile stresses, which exist in the just noted portions ofthe slab.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 5, in which the slab is supported either directly by the columns 11, or by shallow, wide beams 12, l form a wide-spreading, cantaliver head at the top of each column by a spiral 16, concentric with the column, and the slab rods 13 crossing the spiral, the concentration of metal thus secured being-widespread...

In Figs. 6 to 9, true beams or girders, 13,

to column are employed, and no circular, or like framework, such as the spiral 16, is used, and in this case, as well as that shown in Figs. -1 and 5, there are beam reinforcing rods 18, suitably placed to take the tensile strains.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, standards 19 are used that rest upon the forms or false work, about the column, to support the rods traversing the slab thereat at the required height-the zone of tension-during laying of pouring 'of the concrete, and from said standards, the rods sag to the required. position toward the slab bottom between the supports.

Said standards 19, are, Fig. 1, arranged in alining pairs, and through the eyes of each pair,a rod 19*, the slab reinforcing rods rest and are supported.

as clearly shown in In the finished slab, these rods 19 act as spreader rods for the belts resting thereon to cause said rods to act together.

It, of course, will be evident that a circular contour to the open framework need not be adhered to as far as the broad Scope of my invention is concerned, so that instead of circular shapes, such as l have illustrated and described, theshape or figure may be polygonal, and it is also understood circular,

tliat the bending or deflection of the spiral when the frame work is in the form of a spiral, which bending or deflection is illus trated in the drawings, is not necessary in all cases, for in some cases for example all the coils may lie in the same horizontal. plane, and the scope of my claims is to be determined in the light of this statement.

The cantaliver head at the tops of the columns in the form of claimed herein, it being the subject of an application filed April 17, 1912.. c

laims: M

1. In reinforced concrete construction, the combination of a floor slab, floor slab supports, and slab reinforcement comprising an open framework formed of a group of spaced members of constantly increasing diameter spaced apart and arranged one with in the other and situated in the portion of the slab between said supports, and reinforcing elements extending across said frame- -a spiral is not work in substantially parallel lines, from support to support in multiple directions, and substantially coextensive with the area covered by said members.

2. In reinforced concrete construction, the combination of a floor slab, floor slab supports, and slab reinforcement comprising a open framework, intermediate said supports comprising spaced circular members of different diameter, one within the other, and reinforcing elements extending across said framework in parallel, or substantially parallel lines, from support 'to support, in multiple directions'and substantially coextensive, with the area covered by said framework.

3. In reinforced concrete construction, the

combination of a floor slab, floor slab supports, and slab reinforcement comprising a circular, open framework intermediate said supports comprising spaced circular members of different diameter, one within the other, and reinforcing elements extending across said framework and extending be yond the same to said supports in parallel, or substantially parallel lines, from support to support, in multiple directions and-substantially coextensive, with the area covered by said framework.

4. In reinforced concrete construction, the combination of a door slab, floor slab sup ports, and slab reinforcement comprising a circular, open frameworkformed of spaced rings of different diameter, one within the other intermediate said supports, and min forcing elements extending across said framework in parallel, or substantially parallel lines, from support to support, in mul- I tiple directions and substantially co'exten sive, with the area covered by said framework.

5. In reinforced concrete construction, the combination of a floor slab, floor slab sup ports, and slab reinforcement comprising a In testimony that I claim the foregoing circular, open framework-formal of 2% spiral I have hereunto set my hand. intermediate sai supports, an rein arcing elements extending across said framework CLAUDE T 5 from support to support and substantially Witnesses;

coextensive with the area covered by said CHAS. J. WILLIAMSON framework. L. KING.