US1035581A - Apparatus for producing endothermic reactions in gases. - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing endothermic reactions in gases. Download PDF

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US1035581A
US1035581A US53304509A US1909533045A US1035581A US 1035581 A US1035581 A US 1035581A US 53304509 A US53304509 A US 53304509A US 1909533045 A US1909533045 A US 1909533045A US 1035581 A US1035581 A US 1035581A
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gases
tubes
electrodes
reactions
endothermic reactions
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US53304509A
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Philippe Auguste Guye
Charles Eugene Guye
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J12/002—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor carried out in the plasma state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S422/00—Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
    • Y10S422/904—Nitrogen fixation means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for submitting gases to a very high temperature for producing therein endothermic reaction.
  • One important use of the apparatus is the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen, obtained by passing through the apparatus a current of air or a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the invention resides in the apparatus hereinafter described and illustrated in the drawing.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 a diagrammatic view of an installation in which the gases are moved through the apparatus by suction.
  • Fig. 3 a similar view in which the gases are forced through th apparatus.
  • Fig. 4 a detail showing an arrangement for preliminary heating of the cooling the tubes.
  • Fig. 7, a detail of the electrodes.
  • the apparatus comprises a plurality of vertical tubes 1, circular or of other suitable crosssection, which constitute the furnaces in which the reactions take place, and which open at their upper ends into a collectingchamber 2, common to the several tubes.
  • a collectingchamber 2 common to the several tubes.
  • pairs of electrodes 3 At the lower end of each of the tubes, and preferably with their heads disposed slightly within the tubes, are pairs of electrodes 3,
  • the electrodes are insulated from each other; as shown they are mounted on a base 4 of insulating material and connected in series.
  • v ustment of the electrodes toward each other nitrogen thelower ends of the tubes may 7 conveniently be open to the atmosphere and the latter caused to move through the tubes by suction.
  • the atmospheric-air or gases may be moved by a force pump 8, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 3, in which case the lower ends of the tubes communicate with a distributing trunk 9.
  • Fig. i If it is desired to preliminarily heat the gases they may, as shown in Fig. i, be caused to pass through jackets l0 surroundmg the tubes before passing into the latter. If 1t is desired to keep the tubes cool, water may be circulated through appropriate vessels 11, as shown in Figs. 5, (i.
  • the electrodes also, may, if desired, be cooled bv a circulation of water, as in Figs. 8, 9. i
  • heads 12 of the electrodes may be separable from the stems l3 and connected thereto in any suitable way, as by, a pin and socket connection. This arrangement is desirable as it enables ready renewal of the electrode heads.
  • Apparatus for the production of endothermic reactions on gases comprising a plurality-of vertical tubes, a collecting chamber with which the upper ends of the tubes comnuinicate, pairs of vertical electrodes arranged at the lower end of each tube and connected electrically in series, the gas to be treated being divided into as many parallel currents as there are tubes.
  • Apparatus for the production of endothermic reactions on gases comprising a plurality of vertical tubes, a collecting chamber .With which the upper ends of the tubes communicate, pairs of vertical electrodes arranged at the lower end of each tube and connected electrically 1n series, and means in connnunicatlon with the respective tubes and through which the glass to be treated passes for preliminarily eatin the gases to be treated before entering t'e vertical tubes. 7
  • Apparatus for the production of endo- 'thermic reactions on gases comprising a plurality. of vertical tubes, a collecting chamber with which the upperends of the tubes communicate, airs of vertical elecso trodes arranged at t e lower end of each tube and connected electrically in series, anti means for cooling said tubes.

Description

P. A. & 0. E. GUYE; APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ENDOTHBRMIG REACTIONS IN GASES.
APPLICATION FILED DBG.14, 1909.
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V P. A.& c. E. GUYB. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ENDOTHERMIG REACTIONS IN GASES.
APPLIOATION FILED DBO. 14, 1909.
1 ,035,581 Patented Aug. 13, 1912,
2 SHBETEBHEBT 2.
UNITE sates v, a 3 I are.
PHILIPFE AUGUSTE GUYE AND CHARLES EUGENE GUYE, OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND.
AFPARATUS FOR PRODUCING FNDO THERMIC REACTIONS IN GASES.
Specification of l lietters Patent.
Patented Aug. 13,1912.
Application filed December 14, 1909. Serial No. 533,045.
To all whomz't may concern .Be 1t known that we, PHILIPPE AUeUsTn Gun: and CHARLES EUGENE Gum, citizens of the Republic of Switzerland, residing at Geneva, Switzerland, have invented new and useful Im rovements in Apparatus for Producing Enc othermic Reactions in Gases, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for submitting gases to a very high temperature for producing therein endothermic reaction.
One important use of the apparatus is the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen, obtained by passing through the apparatus a current of air or a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
The invention resides in the apparatus hereinafter described and illustrated in the drawing.
That which is regarded as new is set forth in the claims.
In the said drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus. Fig. 2, a diagrammatic view of an installation in which the gases are moved through the apparatus by suction. Fig. 3, a similar view in which the gases are forced through th apparatus. Fig. 4:, a detail showing an arrangement for preliminary heating of the cooling the tubes. Fig. 7, a detail of the electrodes. Figs. 8, 9, details showing means for cooling the electrodes.
The apparatus comprises a plurality of vertical tubes 1, circular or of other suitable crosssection, which constitute the furnaces in which the reactions take place, and which open at their upper ends into a collectingchamber 2, common to the several tubes. At the lower end of each of the tubes, and preferably with their heads disposed slightly within the tubes, are pairs of electrodes 3,
. arranged vertically, parallel to each other,
and in electrical tension or under electrical potential. The electrodes are insulated from each other; as shown they are mounted on a base 4 of insulating material and connected in series. The gases to be subjected to the action of the arcsentenat the lower ends of the tubes and pass upwardly therethrough in as many parallel currents as there are tubes and may be caused to move by-the suction of a pump, shown conventionally at 6, in the diagrammatic illustration, Fig. 2, in communication with a conduitleading from the collection-chamber the intensity of the air currents. v ustment of the electrodes toward each other nitrogen thelower ends of the tubes may 7 conveniently be open to the atmosphere and the latter caused to move through the tubes by suction. Obviously, however, the atmospheric-air or gases may be moved by a force pump 8, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 3, in which case the lower ends of the tubes communicate with a distributing trunk 9. i
If it is desired to preliminarily heat the gases they may, as shown in Fig. i, be caused to pass through jackets l0 surroundmg the tubes before passing into the latter. If 1t is desired to keep the tubes cool, water may be circulated through appropriate vessels 11, as shown in Figs. 5, (i. The electrodes, also, may, if desired, be cooled bv a circulation of water, as in Figs. 8, 9. i
It is convenient and suitable to construct the apparatus on the basis of 100 kilowatt units at least.
In operation the arcs which form between the heads of the several pairs of electrodes develop, under the influence of the currents of gases passing through the tubes, into an elongated, inverted V-shape, as shown, and the degree of elongation varies according to No adto compensate for wear while the apparatus is in use is necessary, because with the described parallel arrangement of the electrodes the distance between the heads of the electrodes is not increased as the latter wear away in use.
As shown in Fig. 7 of the drawing, the
heads 12 of the electrodes may be separable from the stems l3 and connected thereto in any suitable way, as by, a pin and socket connection. This arrangement is desirable as it enables ready renewal of the electrode heads. I
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is 1. Apparatus for the production of endothermic reactions on gases comprising a plurality-of vertical tubes, a collecting chamber with which the upper ends of the tubes comnuinicate, pairs of vertical electrodes arranged at the lower end of each tube and connected electrically in series, the gas to be treated being divided into as many parallel currents as there are tubes.
Apparatus for the production of endothermic reactions ongases comprising a plurality of vertical tubes, a-collecting chamvertical tube, and a pair of vertically ar ranged, parallel electrodes at the lower end thereof.
4-; Apparatus for the production of endothermic reactions on gases, comprising a plurality of vertical tubes, a collecting chamber .With which the upper ends of the tubes communicate, pairs of vertical electrodes arranged at the lower end of each tube and connected electrically 1n series, and means in connnunicatlon with the respective tubes and through which the glass to be treated passes for preliminarily eatin the gases to be treated before entering t'e vertical tubes. 7
5. Apparatus for the production of endo- 'thermic reactions on gases, comprising a plurality. of vertical tubes, a collecting chamber with which the upperends of the tubes communicate, airs of vertical elecso trodes arranged at t e lower end of each tube and connected electrically in series, anti means for cooling said tubes.
In testimony whereof We have hereunto set our hands in presence of two subscribing witnesses.
PHILIPPE AUGUSTE GUYE. CHARLES EUGENE GUYE.
Witnesses:
L. H. Munnan, G. VILLIER.
US53304509A 1909-12-14 1909-12-14 Apparatus for producing endothermic reactions in gases. Expired - Lifetime US1035581A (en)

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