US1029276A - Regulating dynamo-electric machines. - Google Patents

Description

G. H. GONDIGT. REGULATING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES.

APPLICATION TILED JAN. 10, 1906. RENEWED OUT. 8, 1910. 1,029,276.

Pa-tented June 11 1912.

5 sums-53km 1.

G. H. CONDIUT. REGULATING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED JAN.10, 199s. RENEWED 001. e, 1910.

1,029,276. Patented. June 11, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I I I G. H. GONDIGT. REGULATING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 10, 1906. RENEWED 0013.8, 1910.

1,029,276, I PatentedJune 11,1912.

5 SHEETB-SHEBT 3.

$95 W. y 'W 5:55 3

e. H. GONDICT. v REGULATING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES} RENEWED 001'. 8, i910.

' I APPLICATION TILED JAN.10, 1906. 1,029,276.

Patented June 11,1912.

G. H. GONDIOT.

RBGULATING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 10, 1906. RENEWED OUT. 8, 1910.

1,029,276, Patented June 11, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

wwwwmv gf 3910. 7 mm L,

REGULATING DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

Application filed January 10, 1906, Serial No. 295,418.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it lcnown that l tlrroranc ll nimnn'r Uoxnio'r, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city. county, and State of New York. have invented certain new and useful improvements in Regulating llvnamollleetric .liachines; and i. do hereby declare the followingto be a tall. cl tar, and exact de scription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the control dynamo electric machines.

'hile the invention may be employed to regulate either generators or motors. it is contemplated that it will be most widely employed to etlect the speed control of motors, and especially such motors as are employed in railway service.

lt is an objectv oi the invention to eti'eet the desired control in an etiicient' manner. and to this end there is provided a method of and apparatus for successively connectinncertain ot the tield windings in different, relations. the manipulations of the windings ret-erred to being ettected without altering the connections of the remaining field windings.

It has heretofore been proposed to eti'ectthe control of electric motors by succes sively connecting their field windings in ditlerent relations, but all systems heretotore proposed for this purpose have involved the changing of the relative connections of the windings upon all ot the poles. in tact. it is necessary in all prior systems. in order to produce balanced conditions in the armature,thatthcWindingof each pole be simultaneously and 'ct'irrespoiuliugly changed in its connections whenever it. is desired to bring about a change in the relative connew tions of the field coils. in some types of machines, however, itis desirable to ett'ect changes in the relative connections of certain of the coils, whereby the desired regulation is etfected, either by changing the relations of the coils of the poles to each other as wholes or the winding of a pole may be divided into sect-ions and the relative connecti'o'ns or. the'sections varied, or both. while throughout the ordinary regulation'o'li' the machine certain other of the field Windings' remain unchanged.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jane Ill, it" Renewed Gctober 8, 1910. Serial No. 586,069.

A. notable instance of a type of machine to which the present invention is applicable, is that of a generator or motor which is sup plied with main field poles designed to furnish the main excitationand also with auxiliary or ctnnpensating poles which supply the commntatingr tield tor the armature coils. Machines of this type are especially adapted t'or use as variable voltage dynamos or variable. speed motors, and while the strength at the main poles may be altered to change the voltage or speed as the case may be, the relative connections of the winding upon the auxiliary poles should remain unchanged throughout the ordinary range of regulation. The num er of the ampere turns of the windings upon the auxiliary or commutating poles then varies with the current of the circuit to which the windings are connecttd and in order that the commutating fields may be of proper values; to efteet pertectcommutation at all loa ds, the eomnnitating pole windings will ordinarily be eomiected to the armature circuit. so that; the t'().1t1t1ttt2ltll1 f fields will vary with the load.

While, of thewindings upon the auxiliary poles should not. be changed, and the current in those windings should vary with the load throughout the ortilinary regulations of the machine, it may be desirable. under some conditions. to vary the commutating fields independently oi the load. and it is there fore, a further object ot? the invention to provide a method ot and apparatus tor aceon'iplishing that result. This may be done by changing the relative connections of the auxiliary pole windings.

In the acconnmoving drawings; Figure l is a diagram showingthe windings of a motor sutticient tor an understanding of the present invention. together with a con- :roller for etl'ecting' the desired connections. The controller is of the-usual evlindrieal type. the cylinder contacts being shown as developed upon a plane surt'aee as is customary in illustrating such structures. The stationarv contacts are represented as circles according to the usual mode of representation. to 8 inclusive are simplified diagrams showing the connections of the various parts of the motor at'difi'erent steps as has been stated, the connections ing designed to. furnish the commutating fields for the armature coils and located in the spaces between the main poles. Upon the main poles of the motor are mounted the windings J, "K, L and M composed respectively of the sections (5,1), 0, d, and e, f, g, h, and 5, It, Z, and m, n, 0, p. Upon the com- 'mutatmg poles are windings N, O, P and Q,-

composed respectively of the sections g, 7*, and s, t and u, '0 and w, 02. Within the poles rotates the armature R having the commutator S and a suitable number of brushes T, U, which bear upon commutator segments connected to coils lying under the commutating poles. The controller V comprises movable and stationary contacts as hereinbefore referred to, and in order to prevent excessive length of the controller, the stationary contacts are divided into two rows instead of being in one row, although the, latter construction might be adopted where the practical objections to the length are not present or it causes no serious inconvenience. The various contacts will be referred to in connection with the detailed description to follow. A' reversing switch W for-interchan ing the armature conductors is provide This switch is of usual construction and requires no special description. It is represented as having its movable contacts in development as in the case of the controller V and, also incorrespondenee withthe illustration of the con'troller, the stationary contacts are shown as circles. The

I usual starting resistance X may be provided.

Suitable conductors connect the terminals of the various field sections with the stationary contacts of the controller. In order to avoid confusion, however, the conductors are partly broken away, each of the said conductors being numbered and connected to the fixed controller contact designated by the conductor number primed.

The apparatus being in the position as shown in Fig. 1, if the movable contacts be turned toward the right until they come into engagement with the stationary contacts and the rows of the'latter lie along the lines l1 and 1-1 respectively, the circuit may then be traced as follows: From the plus side of the source of supply to the resistance X, stationary contact or, to the stationary contacts 1. and 3 through conductors land 3, sections qand r of the winding N u'pon the commutating pole F and through the conductors 2'and 4 to the stationary contacts 2 and 4:, which are connected together. It will boobservedthat the two sections 9, r, are connected'in parallel. To the stationary con-' tacts'2 and 4 are connected the stationarycontacts 5 and 7 and therefore the circuit is continued through conductors 5 and 7, sections 8 and t of the winding 0 upon the commutating pole G and the conductors '6 and 8 .to the stationary contacts 6' and 8, which are connected together, and to the stationary contacts 9 and 11. From the contacts 9 and 11, the circuit may be traced through the conductors 9 and 11, sections a and 'u of the winding P upon the commutation pole H and the conductorsIO and 12 to the stationary contacts 10 and 12-. The

contacts 10 and 12 areconnected together and to the stationary contacts 13 and 15. From the contacts 13 and .15, the circuit proceeds through the conductors 13 and-15,

the sections w and a: of the winding Q upon the commutation pole land the conductors 14.- and 16 to the stationary contacts 14' and 16 which are connected together and to the stationarycontact 17 It will be observed that the sections ofeach ofthe commutation pole windings are-connected in parallel with each other and the windings of the poles aswholes' are connected in series. From the stationary contact 17, the circuit proceeds through conductor 17, section m of the winding M upon the main pole E, conductor 18, stationary contact 18', stationary contact 19', conductor 19, section a of the winding M, conductor 20, stationary contact '20, stationary contact 21, conductor 21, section 0 I of the windingM, conductor 22, stationary contact 22f, stationary contact 23, conductor 23, section p of the windingM, conductor 2, stat-ionary contact 24, stationary contact 25', conductor 25, section a of the winding J upon the main pole B, conductor 26, stationary contact-26, stationary contact 27, conductor 27, section b of winding J, conductor 28, stationary contact 28, stationary contact 29', conductor 29, section 0 of the winding J, conductor 30, stationary contact 30, stationary contact 31, conductor 31, section d of the windingJ, conductor 32, stationary contact 32, stationary contact 33', conductor 33, section 6 of the winding K upon the main pole C, conductor 34, sta tionary contact '34, stationary contact 35, conductor 35, section f of winding K, conductor 36, stationary contact 36, stationary contact 37 ,conductor 37 section 9 of wind ing K, conductor 38, stationary contact 38, stationary contact 39', conductor 39, section k of winding K, conductor 40, stationary contact 40, stationary contact a1, conductor 11, section 1' of the winding L upon the main pole D, conductor l2,'stationary con-" tact 42, stationary contact 43, conductor as show:

stationary conta ts and section j of the winding il, conductor it, stationary contact t stationary contact if), conductor .15, section A: of the winding ii, conductor i6, stationary contact 4G. stationary contac" 47. conductor 47. section Z of the winding L. conductor 48. stationary Contact 48', stationary contact if). conductor 49 tothe two top stationary contacts of the rei'ersing switch 1V. assuming the reversing switch to be thrown to the left. troin the left .hand upper stationary contact circuit will be made through the conductor 4'!) to the brush 'i and through the-winding of the armature R to the brush U. th nce through the conductor 50. to the lower middle left hand stationary contact of the reversing switch .to the conductor 5t)". St'flt'iOi'mi'y contact 50. and the statioiniry contact 51 to the minus side of the stun-re of supply. The connections the various windings are now in Fig. 2. it will ntw be observed that the sections oi"? the windings upon each main pole are connected in series. that these poies as wholes are connected in series. and that the two sets of field windings (main pole and eonnnutating pole) are connected in series with each other and with the starting resistance and armature. The wii'idings are those of a series motor. in which the tietd wintllings are of negligible resistance so that they cause sn'iall ohmic drop in the armature circuit. in this position of the controller, it wiii be seen that; the entire armature current t-ai 'erses'each section of the main field windings and therefore the field at its reatest strength which is a desirable condition at starting. It will he also observed that the windings oi. the eonnnutating poles are connected in series with the armature. so that the strength of the connnutating tieldis proportioiiatc to the arli'iature current which desirable tor producing pertect commutation at all loads.

It now the cyiinder be turned to the right. passing the second and third positions of the controller indicated respectively by the dotted lines Q-2 and 3 -3 tor one row o't' the dotted lines 2 9 and 3" tor the other set ot contacts. the only changes occurring will consist in the successive cutting out ot' sections of the resistan e X as the controller passes the steps referred to. and when the toiirth pcsitirz-n is reached as indicated by the dotted lines l----t and 4-"--l. the re. ant-e will be entirely cut out. 'i 'hc conne tions will then be as ii'idicated in F n. ih'and it will be observed that the relatire. conne tions ot the rarious windingrs ha we not hccn alt red from those shown in l ig. and the onlV change about is the cutting which has been brought:

out of the starting shiance X.

in the next position oi. the controller indicatcd by dotted lines S and 7 --5, the

Sititlfillttl') contacts 16. i7 and 2:33 are conthe arious windings are connected as shown in Fig. 4. An inspectiiai of this last. figure will show that the relativb connections ot the section's forming the winding of a pole have not been changed. but that the pole windings as ei'it'ireties have been connected two in series and the pairs in parallel. {)tlierwise the connections are as shown in Fig. 3. The current in thefield coils is limited by the connterclcctro-inotire torce ot the armature and in the arrangementshown in Fig. 1 the main tietd coiis will each receive one-halt oi the armature current instead of the whole armature current. as was the case when they were connected in series. The obvious result thia-et'ore is that the magneto-motive force of" the main poles and co1lsequently their magnetic field is we: ltened and an increased speed ot the arniat ure takes place. The windings ot the winniutatine poles, however, take the toll armature current as previously and tlltfittul'c their tield 'remains the same, except as it may be changed by increi or decrease of load.

in position 0 ot' the controller as indicated by dotted lines (S6 and (3 43, the stationary contacts '16, i7 25. 3 3. and it are coi'inected together, and the stationary contacts Q41, 32. L0, ib and it) t gether. other wise the connections remain as before. This change of connections results in the connccting of each. of the main pole windings as a whole singly in parallel with the others. the relative sections of the winding: 01' a pole remainingunchanged. The various wind ings will then be connected as shown in Fig". 5. which (litters from Fig. i ontv in that the main pole windings have been connected singly in parallel instead of connecting two in series and the pairs in parallel. )nei'ourth of the armature curr nt now passes through each pole winding instead ot' on half as was the case in the next preceding position ot the controller, and therefore. the

.iield being weaker. the spent is t'uriher inand that the several pairs are connected in in series,

parallel with each other. This change in the connections of the windings of the main poles is the only change which has been made over the connections set forth in Fig.

5. The result of the new connections is to divide the armature current into eight parts and therefore the current flowing in the main pole windings is only half as great as wherethe connections were as shown in Fig.- 5 There is therefore a still further weakening of the main field of the motor'and a further a increase in its speed.

In the next position of the controller as indicated by dotted lines 88 and 8-.8, the stationary contacts 16, 17, 19, 21, 23', 25', 27, 29', 31', 33, 35', '37, a9, 41', 43', 45, and 47 areconnected together, while the stationary contacts 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 2s, 30', 32', 34/, 36', as, 4.0, 42', 4.4, 46', 48 and 49 are connected. together, othervwise the connections remain as before. The connecting of the contacts as described re sults in the connecting of each of the sections of the various pole windings in parallel with the remainder, as shown in Fig. 7.

' It will now be seen that the armature ourrent is divided among sixteen paths and that therefore the current strength in the winding is one-half, that in the next precedin position of the controller and the speed 0 the motor iscorrespondingly increased.

Up to the presentpoint, it will be noted there has been no change in'the relative connections of the Windingsor coils composing the windings of the commutating poles. From the first posit-ion of the controller up to the present point, the sections of each pole have been connected in parallel and the windings of the poles as wholes ave been connected in series, and they have been connected in series with the armature so that the strength of the co nmutating field is varied only by reason of a change in the armature'current. The changes in the speed of the motor have been brought about by varying the connections of the windings upon the main poles without changing the relative connections of the windings upon the. commutating poles. The connections established by the controller in passing through the range which it traverses in the.

ordinary regulation of the motor have been explained in detail, and it is desirable that in the eiiecting of the usual control ofthe,

motor, the relative connections of the'commutation pole windings should not be changed. It may be,'however, that-under, certain conditions of operation, it maybe desirable to change the relative connections of 'the commutation pole windings and therefore a set of contacts has been provided whereby the desired change may behrought about. As an instance of the conditions" under' which such a change would be desirable,

" noaaeve reference may be made to the case where the motor is operating under an extremely heavy load and the sectional area of the commutation poles is suificicnt to permit the increase of magnetism in proportion to the increase in load where the loads are within the limits marking the. normal or usual operation of the motor, but is not suiiicient to ,permlt an increase of field in proportion to the armature current where the relative connections ct the- The connections by which applicant, in the structure illustrated, accomplishes this result willbe described with reference to the connections which are established-when the controller is in its 9th position, as indicated by the dotted lines 9-9 and 9. 9. In this position of the controller, the fol lowing stationary contacts are connected together in pairs, namely, 2 and 3, 4 and 5', i

6'land7, 8' and 9, 10 and 11', 12 and 13, 14' and 15. Otherwise the connections remain as before. vThe change in the con nection of the contacts as noted operates to.

change the; relative connections of the sec tions of each commutation pole windlng "from parallel to series, theother connections remaining unchanged as shown in Fig. 8.

The efiect of the change in connections is .to cause the entire strength of armature current to flow.through each section ot thecommutation pole windings which is twice the strength of current which' flowed through those sections when they were connected in parallel.

In Figs. 9 to 15, is illustrated the application of the invention to a motor of a different type from that previously described. This motor belongs to that class of motors commonly knownin the art as shunt motors and is characterized by' the fact that the field winding is of comparaacross the terminals of the armature instead of in series therewith as in the case of a series motor.

" Referring to the drawings, last mentioned, themotor comprises a frame A, main poles B,- C, D. and E, commutating poles F,

G, H, I', 'armature Rhaving a commutater S on which bear the brushes T and U". Upon the maiujpoles are placed the energizing windings l, K, L, audit/I re-' spectively, while upon the commutation 'tively high resistance and is connected and 71 poles are respectively placed the windings N, O, P and Q. The windings upon the main poles are respectively divided into sections a and 7), a and d, c and j", g Similarly the windings upon the commutation poles are divided into sections 7) and 2 y and 70, Z and m, a and 0 respectively. Secured to the ternnnals ot the sections of the windings upon the commu- 10 tation poles are conductors 101 to 110 respectively, while the coiuluctors 117 to 132 respectively are connected to the terminals of the sections of the windings upon the main poles. As in Fig. 1, the conductors are not shown in Fig. 0 in their entirety for the sake of clearncss, but each"'oi the conductors is connected to a. stationary contact of the controller VWvhic-h is designated by the number applied to the conductorprimed. A reversing switch W is provided as in the case of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1, and it will he understood in the explanation that is to follow that this switch is thrown to the le as was the case in considering the circuit connections of the apparatus of the. first figure. it start: ing resistance X 18 provided as in the preceding apparatus.

t oeing assumed that. the ontroller in a posrtion as indicated in stationary contacts 101 an, 103, which are connected together, through the conductors 101 and 103, sections p and a" of the wind inf; N upon the commutation pole F, conductors 102 and 104: to stationary contacts 102' and 104, which are connected with the contacts 105 and 107; Thence the circuit passes throughthe conductors 105, 107, the sect-ions y" and 7c of the winding C" upon the pole G, conductors 106 and 108 to stationary contacts 106 and 108 which are connected with the contacts 109 and 111.

Thence the circuit passes through conductors 109 and 111, sections Z and m of the winding 1? of the pole H, conductors 110 and 112 to the stationary contacts 110 and 112 which are connected t ther and to the contacts 113 and 115. .clSDCE the circuit passes through the conductors 113 and 115, the sect-ions a and, o of the winding Q, upon the pole 1, conductors litand 116 to the contacts 11% and 116", which con nected together and to the contact 133. Thence the circuit passes through the conductor 133 to the contact 133 and thence through the stationary contact 1;:3 ot the reversing switch, conductor 133,-hrush 'l", commutator S, the winding of the armature 1t, brush U, conductor 134,.stationary contact 13 C 01 the reversing switch, thence through stationary contact 131 conductor 131", stationary contact 13 1 and stationary centric-3.135, to the other terminal ot the source.

The field circuit may be traced as follows: trout one side of the source of supply to the stationary contact 136 and thence to the stationary contacts 117, 110, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, and 131, thence circuits may he traced through the conductors, 117, no, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129 and 131 to one terminal of each of the sections of the main windings a, b, c, d, e, f, g and h through which the current passes to the conductors 118, 120, 122, 12 1, 126, 128, 130 and 132 to the stationary contacts 118, 120, 122', 124, 12c, 128', 130, and 132. The last mentioned stationary contacts are connected to each other and to the stationary contact 135, the last mentioned contact heconnected to the other side of the source ofsupply. it will he observed that in this position of the controller all the sections of the main windings are individually connected between the terminals of the source of supply and that the sections are connected in parallel. The current in the shunt tield windings depending upon the ohmic resistance of those windings, the connections which have been described otter the least resistance to the passage of current and therefore the current will be relatively large and the. field strong, which is a desirable condition at starting. The connectionsare then as shown in Fig. 10. Further movement of the controller to the rightuntil the 4th position indicated by the dotted lines 1+l1 1 and 14 -1 1 operates to cut out the starting resistance X in a well known manner, and in the 1th position this resistance is entirely out out, the connections being as shown in 11.

in the 5th position of the controller, the stationary contacts 117, 119, 121, 123 are connected together and to the contact 136, the contacts 118, 120, 125 and 127 are connected together, the contacts 122, 124;. 12 9, and 131 are connected together, and the contacts 126, 128, 130, and. 132 are connected together and to the contact 135 which is connected with the other side of the source of supply. The connections oi the various windings are now as shown in Fig. 12. It will he observed that the windings of the main poles as wholes are connected in series in pairs and the pairs are connected in parallel across the line. (Etherwise the relative connections of the windings and armatur remain as before. The

main field windings in this position of the I controller offer increased resistance to the to the other side of the source of supply. 'Otherwise the connections remain unchanged. The connections now are as shown 1n Flg. 13. It Wlll now be seen that the only change efiected by this step in the connections has been the connecting of the mam pole windings as wholes in series. The relative connections of the sections of a pole winding have not been changed, nor

have the relative connections of the armature and the other windings been changed. The result therefore is to oppose a greater resistance to the flow of current through the field windings with a corresponding weakening of field and increase of speed.

In the 7th position of the controller, contacts 136 1.17 are connected together, as are also 118 and 119, 120 and 121, 122 and 123', 12 1 and 125, 126 and 127, 128 and 129, 130' and 131, 132' and'135. Otherwise the connections remain as before and the relative connections are now as shown in Fig. 1 1. It will be seen that the only change effected in the relative connection of the windings has been to connect the sections of the main windings singly in series. The effect of this connection is to decrease the field current and occasion a still 'the total connections as established in this position of the controller are asshown in Fig. 15. The only change in connections effected over the next preceding position consists in the connection of the sections of each of thcigpjllmutation poles in series instead of in parzfll eh ftoeitect objects as described in connection with the apparatus of Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive,

The invention has been illustrated and describe d sufficiently to enable anyone skilled in the art to practise it. It will be understood, however, that equivalent apparatus may be employed for carrying out the method and that various relative connect-lons of the windings of the machine to be controlled may be employed without departing from the spirit ofthe invention. It is also apparent (as indicated, for instance, in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, by dotted lines) that the coils on the auxiliary poles may be single coils, instead of parallel coils, whenever it is of minor importance to have extremely close regulation.

Having thus described myinvention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:-

1. The combinationwith a dynamo electric machine having main field poles and auxiliary poles creating a commutating field, an armature and conductors associated therewith, and sectional windings upon the said poles, of a controller having contacts connected with the individual sections of said windings and so arranged that the initial movements of the controller change the grouping of the windings of the main field poles with respect to one another to weaken the magnetic field created thereby, without changing the grouping of the windings of the auxiliary field poles, andsubsequent movements of the controller change the grouping of the windings of the auxiliary field poles to strengthen the'magnetic field created thereby, substantially :as described. v

2. The combination with a dynamo electric machine having main field windings and auxiliary windings creating a commutating field, an armature and conductors associated therewith, ot-a controller having contacts connected with the said windings so arranged that the initial movement ofthe controller changes the grouping of the main field windings with respect to one another to weaken the magnetic field created thereby, without changing the connections of the auxiliary field windings, and subsequent movements of the controller change the grouping of the auxiliary windings to strengthen the magnetic field created thereby, substantially as described.

3. The combination with a dynamo-electric machine having main field poles and auxiliary poles creating a commutating 1 field, an armature and conductors associated therewith, and windings upon the said mam field poles and auxiliary poles connected in series with one another and with the armature, of a controller having contacts connected with the said windings and so arranged that the initial movements of the controller change the grouping of the windings of the main field poles with respect to In testimony whereof I aifix my signature, in presence of two Witnesses.

GEORGE HERBERT CONDICT.

Witnesses 2.

JOHN C.. PENNIE, WALTER R. HERRICK.

Images