US10260774B2 - Low pressure drop water heating system - Google Patents
Low pressure drop water heating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US10260774B2 US10260774B2 US15/161,216 US201615161216A US10260774B2 US 10260774 B2 US10260774 B2 US 10260774B2 US 201615161216 A US201615161216 A US 201615161216A US 10260774 B2 US10260774 B2 US 10260774B2
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- side conductor
- hot side
- conductor
- temperature sensor
- exit end
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 241001365789 Oenanthe crocata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/08—Packaged or self-contained boilers, i.e. water heaters with control devices and pump in a single unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
- F24D2200/043—More than one gas or oil fired boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
- F24D3/1058—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system disposition of pipes and pipe connections
- F24D3/1066—Distributors for heating liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
- F24D3/1091—Mixing cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention is directed generally to a tankless water heating system applicable to a wide variety of applications including high rise buildings or any applications where pressure drop is a critical issue. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a water heating system configured to overcome pressure drop associated with tankless water heating systems.
- High rise buildings are traditionally serviced using tank water heating systems or boiler and tank water heating systems instead of tankless water heating systems due to the pressure require send water to great elevations.
- tank systems are energy inefficient as a large amount of water is prepared ahead of time, prior to the existence of a demand, to anticipate such a demand. While in storage, the thermal energy stored in the heated water is wasted to the tank surroundings even with tank insulation.
- Previous attempts have been made in the water heating industry to use energy efficient water heating systems to service high rise buildings and other venues requiring increased pump pressure but they have not been successful. Introducing a water heater with a large pressure drop causes the difference in pressure between the hot and cold side to be larger than desired and may cause building water distribution systems to not work properly. However, no previous attempts have been successful in keeping pressure drop low while avoiding the effects of negative pressure while heating water on demand.
- a low pressure drop water heating system including a cold side conductor having a receiving end and a closed end; a hot side conductor having an exit end and a closed end; a pump; a bypass conductor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the bypass conductor is fluidly adapted to the receiving end and the second end of the bypass conductor is fluidly adapted to the exit end of the hot side conductor; at least one heat exchanger having a flow valve; a heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor disposed on the inlet of one of the at least one heat exchanger; an outlet temperature sensor disposed at an outlet of the at least one heat exchanger; a system outlet temperature sensor disposed on the exit end of the hot side conductor and a system inlet temperature sensor disposed on the receiving end of the cold side conductor.
- the receiving end of the cold side conductor is configured to be connected to a cold water supply manifold.
- the exit end of the hot side conductor is configured to be connected to a hot water supply manifold.
- the pump is configured to generate a flow through each of the at least one heat exchanger.
- the flow valve of the at least one heat exchanger is configured to be restricted to enable an increased flow from the receiving end of the cold side conductor to the exit end of the hot side conductor through the bypass conductor to temper the water exiting the exit end of the hot side conductor.
- the flow valve of the at least one heat exchanger is configured to be enlarged to enable an increased flow from the cold side conductor to the exit end of the hot side conductor through the at least one heat exchanger to increase the water temperature exiting the exit end of the hot side conductor.
- the second end of the bypass conductor includes an exhaust having openings which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the exit end of the hot side conductor to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 or a direction contrary to the flow within the hot side conductor.
- the exhaust is an inverted J-shaped exhaust having openings disposed on the upper half of the hot side conductor.
- the exhaust further includes an opening allowing effluents from the opening to be pointed in a direction perpendicular to the direction from the exit end of the hot side conductor to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 .
- An object of the present invention is to provide an on-demand water heating system capable of servicing customers at significant elevations without significant ill effects due to pressure drop and positive pressure.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an on-demand water heating system to buildings traditionally serviced only using tank water heating systems due to the inability of previously available tankless water heating systems in countering the ill effects of positive pressure.
- each embodiment may meet one or more of the foregoing recited objects in any combination. It is not intended that each embodiment will necessarily meet each objective.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present low pressure drop water heating system where one or more heat exchangers are used and a forward flow is observed in the bypass conductor.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present low pressure drop water heating system where one or more heat exchangers are used and a recirculation or reverse flow is observed in the bypass conductor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present low pressure drop water heating system where one or more heat exchangers are used and a forward flow is observed in the bypass conductor.
- FIG. 4 is a partial transparent view of one embodiment of an exhaust of a bypass conductor of the present low pressure drop water heating system.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting the use of a present low pressure drop water heating system to deliver hot water to a high rise building which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
- FIG. 6 is another diagram depicting the use of a present low pressure drop water heating system to deliver hot water to a high rise building which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
- FIG. 7 is a graph depicting an example pressure drop curve in a water heating system using a present water heating system without effecting flow valve control.
- FIG. 8 is a graph depicting an example pressure drop curve of a present low pressure drop water heating system.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting the representation of a conventional or tank water heating system with cold water being received in a large tank and this large volume of water being heated in the large tank.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting the representation of a heat exchanger element of a present water heating system where hot water is produced as a demand exists and therefore a large tank is not required or desired.
- FIG. 11 depicts a typical water heating system with a storage tank and a boiler.
- the present water heating system is significantly more energy efficient as the present water heating system takes advantage of a tankless heating system which only prepares hot water when a demand exists or a short period before a demand exists.
- the present water heating system is capable of low pressure drop while avoiding positive pressure considered undesirable by users especially at high flowrates.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present low pressure drop water heating system 2 where one or more heat exchangers 8 are used and a forward flow is observed in the bypass conductor 10 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present low pressure drop water heating system 2 where one or more heat exchangers 8 are used and a recirculation or reverse flow is observed in the bypass conductor 10 .
- a low pressure drop water heating system 2 including a cold side conductor 4 , a hot side conductor 6 , a pump 12 , a bypass conductor 10 , at least one heat exchanger 8 , a heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor 28 disposed on the inlet of one of the three heat exchangers 8 , a heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor 30 disposed at an outlet or exit nozzle 18 of one of the three heat exchangers 8 , a system outlet temperature sensor 40 disposed on the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 and a system inlet temperature sensor 38 disposed on the receiving end of the cold side conductor 4 .
- each heat exchanger may have its own inlet temperature sensor.
- each heat exchanger experiences a flow originating from a common source.
- each heat exchanger may also have its own outlet temperature sensor.
- only one outlet temperature sensor is used as the output flow from each heat exchanger is required to flow past an outlet temperature sensor disposed at the exit nozzle of heat exchanger 8 that is disposed closest to the exit end of hot side conductor 22 .
- the cold side conductor 4 includes a receiving end and a closed end.
- the hot side conductor 6 includes an exit end and a closed end. In one embodiment, the hot side conductor 6 is configured to hold a volume of water of from about 0.5 to about 2 gallons.
- the fluid conductor of a heat exchanger 8 is a tubing having a size of about 3 ⁇ 4 inch.
- the bypass conductor 10 includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the bypass conductor 10 is fluidly adapted to the receiving end of the cold side conductor 4 and the second end of the bypass conductor is fluidly adapted to the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 .
- the bypass conductor ( 10 ) is a tubing having a size of from about 0.5 to about 1.5 inches.
- Each heat exchanger 8 includes a flow valve 32 .
- the pump 12 increases pressure of water delivered to points of use 42 and negates the pressure drop across heat exchangers 8 .
- the receiving end 22 of the cold side conductor 4 is configured to be connected to a cold water supply manifold 24 or a port where unheated incoming water is supplied.
- the exit end 20 of the hot side conductor 6 is configured to be connected to a hot water supply manifold 26 or a port where now heated or hot water is sent out of the water heater and eventually to points of use.
- the pump 12 is configured to generate a flow through each of the heat exchangers 8 . Shown in each of FIGS. 1 and 2 are three heat exchangers 8 although any suitable number of heat exchangers may be used to collectively meet the demand requested through the hot water supply manifold 26 by hot water users.
- a first method involves using a single-speed, less costly, constant speed pump that can create a very large pressure rise at lower flows in place of pump 12 . During these lower flows, the flow into one or more of the three heat exchangers 8 is restricted via a flow valve 32 . The net result is called “curve shaping” of the pressure drop to mimic the typical pressure drop curve of a tank water heater.
- a second method involves using a variable speed pump in place of pump 12 to continuously increase speed/pressure from a low to a higher flow, thus again “curve shaping” the pressure drop to mimic pressure drop curve of a tank water heater. In both cases, if a demand is greater than the flowrate the pump 12 can provide to the heat exchangers 8 , the required flow is met by increasing the flow via the bypass line, again effecting a low pressure loss.
- the present water heating system is capable of reducing pressure drop through the heat exchangers 8 by channeling sufficient flow directly through a larger fluid bypass conductor 10 without pressure drop causing equipment, e.g., the rather small fluid conductors of the heat exchangers 8 and flow valves 32 , etc., from the cold side conductor 4 to the hot side conductor 6 , incurring a significantly lower pressure drop.
- the setpoint temperature of the heat exchangers 8 must be set to a higher value than the desired resultant temperature of the mixed water. For instance, in order to achieve a final delivery temperature of 120 degrees F., the setpoint temperature of the heat exchangers may be set at 140 degrees F. Upon mixing, the water temperature at the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 may approximate 120 degrees F.
- the flow valve 32 of at least one of the heat exchangers 8 is configured to be restricted to enable an increased flow from the receiving end of the cold side conductor 4 to the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 through the bypass conductor 10 to temper the water exiting the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 .
- the flow valve 32 of at least one of the heat exchangers 8 is configured to be enlarged to enable an increased flow from the cold side conductor 4 to the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 through the heat exchangers 8 to increase the temperature of the water mixture exiting the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 , i.e., a higher flowrate of hot water will be produced through the heat exchangers 8 while the cold water flowrate through the bypass conductor 10 is reduced.
- the second end of the bypass conductor 10 includes an exhaust 14 having openings 16 which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 , i.e., a direction contrary to the flow within the hot side conductor.
- the exhaust 14 allows the bypass flow to empty into the hot side conductor 6 through the openings 16 in a direction opposite that of the flow from the heat exchangers 8 , causing the two flows to sufficiently mix without an active mixer.
- the exhaust 14 is an inverted J-shaped exhaust having openings 16 disposed on the upper half of the hot side conductor 6 , i.e., above the line 44 dividing upper half and lower half of the hot side conductor 6 . As colder water is denser, it tends to drop when exiting the exhaust of the bypass conductor 10 , again causing the cold bypass flow to mix favorably and naturally with the hot water of the heat exchangers 8 .
- the exhaust 14 further includes an opening allowing effluents from the opening to be pointed in a direction perpendicular to the direction from the exit end of the hot side conductor 6 to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of the present low pressure drop water heating system where one or more heat exchangers are used and a forward flow is observed in the bypass conductor.
- a valve 56 is further provided to control flow through the bypass conductor 10 .
- This valve 56 is normally disposed in the open state, except when two conditions have been encountered. First, if system outlet temperature sensor 40 has been determined to have ceased functioning, e.g., as inferred from a sudden loss of input signals from this sensor, valve 56 is closed to prevent any flow through it. In producing hot water, unheated water is simply received at 20 , sent through the cold side conductor 4 before entering the heat exchangers 8 to be heated.
- valve 56 is also closed to prevent any flow through it.
- a failed pump 12 does not prevent a flow that is caused by a hot water demand at one or more points of use. If a pump has been determined to have failed, hot water demand is serviced in the same manner as in the case where the system outlet temperature sensor 40 has failed. A failure can be logged for purposes of problem diagnosis at a later time. It may also be communicated to a service personnel in real time or at a later time.
- each heat exchanger 8 is equipped with an inlet temperature sensor 28 and an outlet temperature sensor 30 . If any one of the inlet temperature sensors fails, at least one of the remaining functional inlet temperature sensors is relied upon until the condition is corrected. If any one of the outlet temperature sensors fails, at least one of the remaining functional outlet temperature sensors is relied upon until the condition is corrected.
- FIG. 3 also depicts another embodiment of a bypass conductor exhaust 14 . In this embodiment, the exhaust is not J-shaped. Instead the exhaust is a straight tube inserted into the hot side conductor 6 through a side wall.
- the exhaust 14 includes more effective openings 16 which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 to the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 than openings which allow effluents from the openings to be pointed in a direction from the closed end of the hot side conductor 6 to the exit end 22 of the hot side conductor 6 .
- the exhaust 14 allows the bypass flow to empty into the hot side conductor 6 through the openings 16 in a direction opposite that of the flow from the heat exchangers 8 , causing the two flows to sufficiently mix without an active mixer.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting the use of a present low pressure drop water heating system 2 to deliver hot water to a high rise building 34 which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
- a present low pressure drop water heating system 2 is capable of receiving a cold water supply 36 , preparing the water to a desired temperature and delivering the prepared water to points of use 42 of a high rise building 34 at multiple floors.
- FIG. 6 is another diagram depicting the use of a present low pressure drop water heating system 2 to deliver hot water to a high rise building which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
- FIG. 6 is another diagram depicting the use of a present low pressure drop water heating system to deliver hot water to a high rise building which has traditionally been serviced using a tank water heating system.
- FIG. 7 is a graph depicting an example pressure drop curve in a water heating system using a present water heating system without effecting flow valve 32 control. It shall be noted that without flow valve 32 control, during certain low flowrates of up to, e.g., 20 GPM, there is a pressure gain.
- FIG. 8 is a graph depicting an example pressure drop curve of a present low pressure drop water heating system. It shall be noted that the graph represents a pressure drop-flowrate plot that mimics a tank water heating system, i.e., with suitable pressure drop at larger flowrates.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting the representation of a conventional or tank water heating system with cold water being received in a large tank and this large volume of water being heated in the large tank.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting the representation of a heat exchanger element of a present water heating system where hot water is produced as a demand exists and therefore a large tank is not required or desired.
- FIG. 11 is a typical water heating system with a storage tank and a boiler. Note again the use of a large tank as compared to a present water heating system.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 2—low pressure drop tankless water heating system
- 4—cold side conductor
- 6—hot side conductor
- 8—heat exchanger
- 10—bypass conductor
- 12—pump
- 14—exhaust, e.g., J-shaped exhaust
- 16—aperture
- 18—exit nozzle of heat exchanger
- 20—receiving end of cold side conductor
- 22—exit end of hot side conductor
- 24—cold water supply manifold
- 26—hot water supply manifold
- 28—heat exchanger inlet temperature sensor
- 30—heat exchanger outlet temperature sensor
- 32—flow valve
- 34—high rise building
- 36—cold water supply into building
- 38—system inlet temperature sensor
- 40—system outlet temperature sensor
- 42—point of use
- 44—line dividing upper half and lower half of hot side conductor
- 46—pressure booster pump
- 48—external recirculation pump
- 50—check valve
- 52—external recirculation line
- 54—pressure regulating valve
- 56—valve
Particular Advantages of the Invention
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/161,216 US10260774B2 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-21 | Low pressure drop water heating system |
US16/383,853 US11313584B2 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2019-04-15 | Zero pressure drop water heating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562164668P | 2015-05-21 | 2015-05-21 | |
US15/161,216 US10260774B2 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-21 | Low pressure drop water heating system |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/383,853 Continuation-In-Part US11313584B2 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2019-04-15 | Zero pressure drop water heating system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20160341445A1 US20160341445A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
US10260774B2 true US10260774B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
Family
ID=57324380
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/161,216 Active 2037-05-27 US10260774B2 (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-21 | Low pressure drop water heating system |
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US (1) | US10260774B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10331148B2 (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2019-06-25 | 2397593 Ontario Inc. | Water tempering system |
US9746190B2 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-08-29 | Intellihot, Inc. | Combined heating system capable of bi-directional heating |
US10323859B2 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2019-06-18 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Water mixing system for thermoregulating water |
CN211291789U (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-08-18 | 瓦特调节器公司 | Fluid discharge activity detection device |
CN109737440B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-03-06 | 济南市市政工程设计研究院(集团)有限责任公司 | Boiler flue gas deep waste heat recovery system and method |
EP3726144B1 (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2024-04-24 | Intellihot, Inc. | Zero pressure drop water heating system |
US11761677B2 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2023-09-19 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Water heater having highly efficient and compact heat exchanger |
US11662127B2 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-05-30 | Intellihot, Inc. | Electric heating and cooling system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070144458A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Dariusz Mukomilow | Cascade unit for a heating system with two or more heating boilers |
US20100282440A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2010-11-11 | Hydox Pty Ltd | Fluid Heater |
US20120138149A1 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd. | Hot water supply system, water heater and hot water supply control method |
-
2016
- 2016-05-21 US US15/161,216 patent/US10260774B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070144458A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-28 | Dariusz Mukomilow | Cascade unit for a heating system with two or more heating boilers |
US20100282440A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2010-11-11 | Hydox Pty Ltd | Fluid Heater |
US20120138149A1 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd. | Hot water supply system, water heater and hot water supply control method |
Also Published As
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US20160341445A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
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