US1024209A - Regulator for kerosene-burners. - Google Patents

Description

H. LEMP. REGULATOR FOR KEROSENE BURNERS.

APPLIOATION FILED 0012.2, 1902.

1,024,209, Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

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harig .l H. LEMP. REGULATOR FOR KEROSENE BURNERS. APPLICATION FILED 00T* 2, 1902.

Patented Apr. 23, 1912.

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REGULATOR FOR KEROSENE BURNERS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT- 2, 1902. 190245209, Patented A111123, 1912.

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HERMANN LEM?, OF LYNNyMASSVACI-IUSETTS, ASSGNOR, lBY MESNE .SSlG-NE'IENTSs TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION Ol? NEW YORK.,

REGULATOR IEOLI,l KEROSENE-BURNERS.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr.. 23, 1912.

ApplicatiOn tiled October 2, 1902. Serial No. 125,667.

citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Regulators for Kerosene- Burners, of which the following is a speciication.

In operating burners with kerosene Wherein the latter is deliverd to the burneropening or openings in the form of vapor, itis of the utmost importance that a relatively high velocity be maintained at all times in order to insure a blue llame. It is also nec# essary to batlle the vapor at a pointa short distance beyond' the burner opening so as to cause the proper amountl of air to be entrained with the vapor to support complete combustion. If a streamiof kerosene vapor passing through an opening at high velocity bet properly battled and ignited it will continue to burn so long as vapor is supplied, but if the baffle plate is removed, the other conditions remaining unchanged, the flame will go out. This'shows how important it is to keep the bafle'plate at the proper distance, and also thatl the flame unless properly treated is lunstable.

The vapor jet should be discharged from the burner opening at a high velocity, and as the pressure on the burner rises the burner opening should be automatically increased, otherwise` the very force of the vapor itself may cause the flame to be eX- tinguished. This last` action seems to be due to the factr that the vapor is not retarded suliciently to burn. When the pressure decreases the burner opening should be correspondingly decreased otherwise the flame will be yellowwhich is objectionable. In

other words the burner opening should be varied to tcompensate for changes in fuel y pressure and this variation must be made from a point below the opening, otherwise the character of the flame will be impaired.

In the operation of automobilesit is necessary to arrange the fuel system so that the burner can be kept in service with a greatly reduced llame under certain conditions of service, such or example, as when the ve,- hicle is standing idle or is not using steam. It is customary for this purpose to place the fuel tank under a small initial air pressure of from 5 to 10 pounds, Whichis sufficient vto supply the burner when the vehicle is standing idle. lWhen the vehicle is in operation the power pump increases the pressure of the fuel delivered by it to 40 or 50 pounds. It will be evident from the foregoing that the regulating device must be capable of working automatically over a wide range.

The present invention has for its object to provide an automatic regulator for kerosene burners which will fulil the conditions specified above and at the same time be free from 'objectionable features. i

For a consideration of what I consider to be novel and my invention attention is called to the description and claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings whic illustrate embodiments of my invention Figure l is a side elevation partly in section on a larger scale of the burner nozzle and a portion of the valve that controls the-flow through said nozzle.

Referring particularly to Iig. 1, l designates a boiler of anysuitable construction having boiler tubes inclosed therein. In the present instance a coil boiler designed to furnish superheated steam is shown, but any other kind-of a boiler may be used in its place. Situated wit-hin the lower port-ion of the boiler casing is a kerosene burner 2,

which is designed to burn the fuel in vapor form. It is provided with a single opening formed in the detachable nozzle or piece 3,

`and situated directly above thev opening is a detachable battle plate 4 having a suitably inclined baille face or faces arranged to spread the vapor as it is received from the opening and cause it to mingle with or entrain the proper amount of air to support combustion. The Wall'of the ire chamber is provided with air inlets as indicated by the small dotted-line circles. The inclined tube v the other. The piston is arranged .to work 20. Toythis crosshead 5 isemployed'to vaporize the fuel as it is 7, and I have found it desirable to electrically weld these parts together. It is advantageous-to incline the vaporizer 5 so as to prevent the -fuel from passing 'through the vaporizer in the form of se arated bodies or masses and causing ulsations or fluctuations of the iame itsel With the arran ement shown there is no opportunity for th1s to happen or for the fuel to bel pocketed.' Situated below the burner o emng is a tray 8 containing a bod some similar material whic forms a wick.` To this wick is secured a second or lighting wick 9-that extends througha hole 1n tlie bottom of the boiler casing where it is readily accessible. The burner opening is controlled by a valve that is carried on the stem 10 which is attached to a lever 30, the latter being pivot-ally secured to a bracket 11 at one end and' connected with a piston 12 at within the cylinder 13, \and its outward movement is opposed by the extension spring 14. The pressure on the burner system acting through the piston tends at allA times to force the valve downward and enlarge the burner opening, while the` spring 14. tends to close or reduce the burner opening. Fuel for the system is supplied from a tank 1.5. This tank is preferably above the burner opening so as to cause the fuel to ilow by gravity, and I prefer to pllace it under an initlal air pressure of om 5 to 10 pounds by the air pump 16. This initial pressure is sufficient to keep the burner in operation when the vehicle or other apparatus to which the burner is connected is standing idle. In order to increase the pressure on the fuel system to the necessary pointa vpower pump 17 is provided, which pump is of the displacement type and is driven from an eccentric that is mounted on the power shaft 18. In ordinary practice-I find it desirable to drive this shaft directly from the main engine but it canY be `Vdrivenmin any suitable way. Mounted for movement within th'e pump cylinder is a piston 19 ving a crosshead i secured the extension splrings 21 whic tend at all times e piston inward against the pres- `sure of the fuel system. By adjusting the springs ythe pressure on the fuel system may be varied. The outward movement of the piston is limited by the stop 22. The crossv of as estos or head is provided with a pin 23 which works n a slot formed in the end of' the connecting rod- 2,4. This slot and pin form a lostmotion connection between the .pump and t-he driving means. Each time the eccentric moves the connecting rod to the extreme right the pump piston is brought to the position shown, and if the pressure on the fuel system is less than the maximum the springs 21 will move the piston inward and cause it to force the fuel through the pipe 25 to the vaporizer. On the other hand if the'burner pressure is at the maximum the iston will remain against the stop 22 as 1s shown in the drawing, in which case the load is entirely removed from the eccentric.

This is especially advantageous where the apparatus is in. service on an automobile where every saving in energy is of great importance. o

Connected to the pressure pipe of the fuel systemvand to the cylinder 13 of the regulator is a pipe 26, and as t-he pressure in the pipe 25 varies it follows that the pressure in the regulating cylinder 13 is correspond-I ingly varied. Referring now to Fig. 2,lthe construction and action of this regulator will'be described. To the base of the boiler is secured a casting 27 that' is screw threaded to receive the vaporizer tube 5. This joint is suitably inclosed atf28. The burner proper isprovided with a screw threaded cap or nozzle 3 containing a single opening,l which opening increases rapidly in Size as it recedes from the surface of the cap. Situatedsposterior to or, as illustrated, below the opening and directly in line therewithvis a valve 29 which is mounted on the upper end of the rod-10. When the lever 30 moves up and down it follows that the valve 29 will move lcorrespondingly. The construction ofthe valve andthe opening and the relation between them and the pressure device is such that when the'valve is in its extreme upperposition an opening is provided which is suliicient to maintain the burner in operation and keep the parts hot. This opening is formedbetween the Valve and the adjacent wall of the nozzle passage by so constructing the valve that it does not completely fill t-he passage, as for example, by making the valve of slightly smaller. diameter than the passage. This varrangement and constructionof the valveV is such that' when the power pump 17 is out of action and the burner is dependin upon the pressure in the fuel tank, it wi l permit the va.

pz. e. maintaining a high vapor Velocity at engage the top and bottom ofthe lever 30.

As thefpiston moves up and down under the action of the spring 14 and the pressure 1n l the yp ipe 26, it is evident ythat the position one upon the other.

of the valve 29 within the burner opening will be varied and the amount of fuel correspondingly increased or decreased to satisf-y the conditions of operation. The character of the power pump is such that 1t tends to maintain a constant pressure at all Y times, and it coperates with the regulator to attain this result. To put the matter in a'diferent way the fuel pump takes care ofy the major changes in operating conditions while the regulator takes care of the minor changes, but 4they are mutually dependent In Fig. 3 is shown an-end elevation of the regulator together with the guide 32 for directing the movements of the piston at its outer end. Formed in the piston is a slot 33and pivotally mounted on the guide is an arm 34 which can be moved into or ont of engagement with this slot. The object of this arrangement is t-o out out the automatic regulator when for any reason it becomesV necessary and leave the burner with afixed opening, the pump regulator meanwhile performing its work in the usual manner.

In Fig. 4 the'actuatingrlever 30 is shown in its extreme lower position, and in Fig. 5 t-he lever is shown in its eXtremey raised position.

In the arrangement described, vthe con-A nection 26 of the regulator is takenY from a point' between the pump and the vaporizer, hencethe fuel itself a'cts on the regulating mechanism. 4,

Referring to Fig. 6, I have shown a slight modication of my invention wherein the pressure of the vapor is employed, as distinguished from that of the liquid fuel, to ,actuate the valve 29.

possesses certain advantages over the one This arrangement previously described in that all stufling boxes can be dispensed with and a tight jointreadily maintained around the diaphragm. The vapor enters from the pipe 6 and passes through the openings 35 into the diaphragm chamber 3G. The downward movement of the diaphragm is resisted by the adjustable coil spring 37. By changing the position of the screw threaded plug 38, tle compression of the spring and therefore the action of the regulator can be varied. The spring is inclosed within a tubular extension of the head 39 and is guided by the walls of the support 40. In this particular form of my invention when the pressure on the vaporizer decreases due to the stopping of 'the power pump, the diaphragm 41 rises land' forces the valve 29 into the opening in the nozzle 3. This decreases the fuel opening in accordance with the decrease in pressure and a blue flame will be the result.

When the pressure on the system increases due to the starting of the power ump, the diaphragm 4 1 will be forced owing to the increased pressure within the diaphragm chamber 36 and thevalve 29 will be removed from the opening.

Referring to Fig. 7, I have shown a fur- .ton 42 moves up or down as the case may be and like the devices previously described varies the burner opening from a point below the llame where it will not interfere with its efficient operation and thereby maintains the velocity of the vapor approximately constant.

It is to be understood in connection with Figs. 6 and 7 that suitable meansare em ployed for supplying fuel under pressure to the burner, such as t-he one shown in Fig. l. It is to, be especially noted that all regulation takes place before the vapor passes the nozzle, and by this means the character of the llame is at all times satisfactory.

In accordance with the patent statutes I ownward have shown one .form of apparatus @for y carrying out my invention, but it is to be understood that the drawings are only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other and equivalent means.

What I cla-im as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,

1. In combination, a burner provided with an opening adapted'to discharge a jet of vapor at' high velocity, a' fuel system arranged to automatically deliver fuel to the burner under high or low pressure in, accordance with changes in the demand for fuel, and means for maintaining the velocity of the vapor jet which comprises a ydevice controlled bythe pressure of the fuel system and having a member arranged within the burner opening posterior to its outlet end lfor automatically varying the effective area of said opening.

2. In combination, a burner having an opening which discharges an unbroken stream of vapor, a fuel system arranged to supply fuel at a variable pressure,- a valve situated below the burner opening and adapted to control the effective area thereof, and a device sensitive to the pressure on the fuel `system which isarranged to move the valve in the vdirection of thestream when the pressure isldecreased and in the opposlte direction when the pressureis increased.

3. In combination, a burner having an opening which discharges an unbroken jet of vapor at'hi'gh velocity, a'fuelsystem arranged to deliver fuel to the burner under pressure, a regulator for the burner which is sensitive to the pressure variation of the fuel system which regulator varies the effective area of the burner opening without changing the velocity of the issuing` jet and a means for rendering the regulator inoperative to permit the burner to operate with a fixed opening.

4.. In combination, a burner of the jet type, a fuel tank connected therewith, means for imparting an initial pressure to the tank for causing fuel to flow automat-ically therefrom to the burner, a pump arran ed to re'-v ceive fuel from the tank and dellver it to the burner at al dili'erent pressure, and a regulator for the burner comprising means which is subjected to the action of said ressures but is sensitive to t-he pressure o the fuel due to t-he pump and substantially insensitive to the pressure due to the tank.

5. In combination, a burner having a nozzle, a fuel tank, a pump which increases the fuel pressure between the tank and the burner, lsaid pump having means for limiting thelpressure of its delivery, conduit connections between the tank and the pump and between the pump and 'the burner, and a regulatorior the burner which is'arranged on the inlet side of the-nozzle and varies the effective area of the passage through the nozzle, said regulator being acted upon by the pressure of the fuel system to move it in a direction to increase said area.

6. In combination, a burner having a nozzle, a fuel tank, a pump for.increasing,the l t pressure in the fuel system, conduit connectionsbetween the tank and the pump and bet-Ween the pump and the burner, a'valve located in the inlet portion of the nozzle,

and means for varying the position Q fthe valve in accordance with changes in pressure in the system comprising a device acted upon by the pressure whereby said pressure tends to -open the valve, and means tending to move said device in opposition 4to t-he pressure to close the valve.

7,' In combination, a burner, a source of fuel supply, a pump for delivering fuel from the source to the burner at an increased pressure, conduit means connecting the source with the pump and the pump with the burner, a valve situated below the openixg of the burner and adapted to vary the e ective ldischarge of fuel therethrough, means connected with the valve and adapted to actuate the same in one direction b the pressure ofthe fuel, and a tension evice l delivered by the accesos! ten-ding to operate against the fuel pressureV for actuating. the valve in the opposite direction. Q v

8., ln combination,y a burner having -a vapor discharging opening, a' fuel supply system, a-valve. situated below the burner opening and having a diameter less .than that of the opening soas to permit a limited flow of 'vapor when the valve is in its closed position, -means for yieldingly supponting the valve in the opening and tending to normally retain it therein, and a pressure device ating with said means for withdrawing the valve downward from the opening as the fuel pressure increases and moving it up into the opening as the fuel pressure de creases.

9. lln combination, a burner, conduit means supplying fuel to the burner, a valve situated below the burner opening in coperative relation thereto and capable of only partially closing the same soasto leave at least a small passage for` the iow ,of fuel under all conditions, a pressure device acted upon by thefuel pressure for opening the valve, 'and a discharge conduit connected with the pressure device 'thrqugh which condensed vapor. discharges.

10. In a fue] system, the combination of a burner having a nozzle, a regulator therefor which is arranged on the inlet side of the nozzle and controls the effective area of the passage through said nozzle, said regulator including a device acted upon bythe pressure of the fuel for openmg the va1vea pump, conduit means connecting the pump with the burner, a power shaft for driving the pump, and a driving connection between the shaft and the pump which permits the stroke ofsaid pump to vary in accordance with changesin'the pressure of the fuel.

'connected with the fuel system and coper- 7 11. 'In combination, a burner, a source of fuel supply capable .of supplying fuel to the v burner at a substantially defnlte pressure, a pump for increasing the pressure of the fuel supplied tothe burner and havingan automatic` regulator which varies the effec-4 tive delivery 'of said pump when the pressure tends to exceed the normal, and a ressure actuated regulator for the burner w ich is sensitive only to the pressure of the fuel pump.

12. In combination, a burner, a source of fuel supply capable of'supplying` fuel'to the burner at a4 substantially'denlte pressurev under certain conditions, conduit means between the source and the burner, apump arranged in said conduit means for increasingthe pressure of the fuel from sald source and I supplying it to the burner under .other con.

dit-ions, said pump having automatic means for regulating lts action, a valve .forthe burner permit-tin -the fuel to be delivered to the burner-by t e pressureof said source,

and a pressure device under the control of the fuel delivered by the pump which opens the valve when 'the pressure of said fuel increases and vice versa.

13. In combination, a burner having an opening for delivering a jet of fuel vapor therefrom, a valve therefor capable of partially closing the burner opening in its pcsition for least flow, and a yielding abutment responsii'e to changes in the full pressure which opens the valve when said pressure increases.

141.A In combinatioma burner having a jet orifice, a valve therefor arranged on the inlet side of the orifice, said valve being -smaller than said orifice so that the valve can close the orifice to a limited extent only, and a pressure device connected with the valve which is responsive to the pressure of the fuel supplied to the burner and moves the valve to increase the effective area of the orifice as the pressure rises.

15. In combination, a burner having a permanent opening, a valve working in the inlet portion of the opening of the burner and adapted to vary t-he quantity of fuel discharged therefrom, means controlled by the pressure of the fuel supplied to the burner for actuating the valve, and means for supplying fuel to the burner.

16. In combination, a source of fuel supply under pressure, a burner supplied from said .source and having a permanent jet opening, a valve for the burner that acts on the fuel prior to its exit from said opening, means controlled by the pressure of the fuel supply and operatively connected to the valve for automatically varying the quantity of fuel issuing from the jet opening, and a baffle plate arranged axially in the line of the fuel jet.

17. In combination, a source of fuel supply, a burner having a j et opening, a connection between the source and the burner, a

valve for the opening permitting a permav nent passage for the fueltherethrough, and means controlled by the pressure of the fuel supply for operating the valve for increasing the quantity of fuel passing through the opening as said pressure increases, or vice versa.'

18. In combination, a burner nozzle provided with a passage having a cylindrical portion adjacent its outlet end and a portion adjacent its inlet end which is larger than the outlet, a needle valve that is made of slightly smaller diameter than said cylindrical portion to provide at least a small passage for the fuel at all times., which valve extends into said passage from its inlet end, means for supplying fuel to the nozzle, a device controlled by the pressure of the fuel supply, a spring which opposes the action of the. pressure on the device, and a connection between said device and the needle valve for moving it back and forth in the nozzle passage to vary the effective area of the passage when said pressure varies.

19. In combination, al burner having an opening that discharges a stream of fuel, means which supplies fuel under pressure to the burner, a valve devicel arranged posterior to the outlet of the burner opening for regulating the eective area thereof, and means controlled by the pressure of thefuel which causes said device to increase said area asthe pressure rises and vice versa.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-sixth day of September, 1902.

v HERMANN LEB/IP. Witnesses:

HENRY 0. Wne'rnnnaar, DUGALD MCK. McKinnon

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