US101973A - Ville - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets Sheet 1.

J. F. BELLEVILLE;

STEAM GENERATOR.

N0.-1 01,9'73. Patented Apr'. 19, 1870.

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J. F. BELLEVILLE. STEAM'GENERATOR.

No. 101,973. Patented Apr.'19, 1870.

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waited fistma 'JULIEN FRANQOIS BELLEVILLE, 0F PARIS; FRANCE.

Letters Patent No. 101,973, dated Apr-II 19, 1870; patented in EngIand J'ime 15, 1866.

STEAM'-GENERATOR.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the Same To whom it may concern Be it known that I, JrLlnx l naxcois BELLE- VILLE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boilers or Steam-Generators; and I hereby declarethe following to he a ful'r, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanylug diawings.

The present improvements archased in principle upon the method of producing instantaneous vaporization in a. tubular boiler, by causing the water to pass through tubes plunged into the flame, instead of following the ordinary practice of causing the flame to pass through tubes plunged into the water.

The instantaneous vaporization and uon-explosibility are the two essential features which characterize my improved steam-generator.

They aieobtained by the combination of watertubes, placed in communication with the feed-pump by the automatic play of a valve, which itself facilitates the equilibrium of the water introduced and the pressure of steam, and thus establishes in the tubes an ascertained and determinate level.

Steam is generated in proportion to, its consumption, and without possibility of its accumulating and causing any danger.

The. generator is principally composed of a series of horizontal and vertical tubes, communicating. and being in equilibrium with each other, having their lower partplnnged in the flame, ill-order to furnish a heating surface, protected against burningby means of the water with which they are filled to the level regulated by the valve, and receiving the generatedsteam in theirupperpart, which conunnnicatcs with the reservoir for the motive power.

My invention is applicable to engines of all kinds, whether stationary, traction, locomotive, or marine.

The boilers in'all such engines will be the same in principle, and will only vary in construction to the 0X- tent required to fully adapt them to the locality in which they are used.

The nature ofiheinvention, and the mannerin which the same is or may be carried into efiect, will, therefore, be readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures 1, 2, and 3 show. the whole and the various parts of an apparatus of fifty nominal horse-power for a' stationary engine.

Fig. 1 is-a sectional elevation of the front of the apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a. sectional side elevation.

Fig. 3 is a plan.

Figure 4 represents a modification hereinafter rcferred to.

A A are the generating-tubes comnnmicating with generating-tubes take their feed.

each other, composed of horizontal tubes superposed quincuncially, connected with each other by boxes and elbow-pipes, and communicating at their lower and upper extremities with tubes which I call collectors.

ll is the lower collector, consisting of a tube of square, rectangular, or oblong form, from which the C is the upper collector, in which the product of vaporization in the tubes is received.

1) is a tube for dividing or equalizing the supply of steam. This tube is fitted in the interior of. the upper collector, where it should be connected.steam-tight with the socket of the steam-outlet pipe, so that the steam, in order to cscape'outside, is caused to become divided, by passing through small holes formed 'along the upper side of the tube.

The object of these holes, the size of which increases in proportion as they are more distant from the outlet, is to take the steam as equally as possible from the entire length of the collector, in order to regulate the working, and thereby avoid rising and drawing in of the water, instability of the level, and difiicult-y of maintaining it at a convenient height, defects which, in the absence of this dividing tube, would result from the snctions produced at the orifice of the generatingtubcs nearest the steam snpplyzpipe, by intermissions in the expenditure of steam.v

E is a superheater or drier, composed of two circulations of tubes, interlacing and crossing each other, and communicating at one extremity with the upper collector O, and at the other with apurifier or chest, F;

This purifier F is titted-with a safety-valve, steampipe I), and a dip-pipe, a, for carrying ofi condensed water, and has an aperture, closed by a door, through which it may be cleaned.

The steam, after leaving the collector, is discharged into this purifying-chamber, where it deposits any grit or impurity it may contain before it passes to the steam-pipe b.

The arrangement of pipes shown in the drawing is suflioient to effect this result, but if desired, a diaphragm-plate may be placed in the purifier, under which the steam must'pass before being discharged.

G G are junction-boxes of malleablecast-iron, with screwed sockets for joining the horizontal generatingtubes.

H H are mud-hole doors, easy of removal, to allow the interior of the generating-tubes to be cleansed.

l I are brackets for supporting the generating-tubes.

J is a cylinder, fitted with a gauge-glass of the usual construction, with an emptying-cock for indicating the water-level, and with sockets to receive the feed and overflow-pipes.

K is a pipe for returningwvater from the upper collector to the cylinder J.

L is a pipe communicating between the cylinder J and the lower collector.

M is a graduated cock for regulating the feed.

N is the back-pressure valve.

0 is a feed-pipe, putting the cock M in communication with the feed-pump and with the regulating teed-valve, the object of which valve is to allow all the water supplied in excess by the feed-pump to return to the supply-vessel.

1 is a pipe which leads the feedavater from the cock )I into the upper part of the cylinder J, passing through the valve N.

Q Q are battle-plates, for turning back the flame and obturators, all for the purpose of dividing the heat and causing it'to distribute itself as much as possible overall the surface requiring it, and to oppose the production of too dire-ctcnrrcnts to the chimney.

R R are soot-doors, to allow the interior of the apparatus and the outside of the generating-tube to be cleansed.

S is the fire-plate.

T is the ash-pit, furnished with a door for regulating the combustion.

U is a damper or register, in communication with the chimney, and serving to regulate the activity oi the combustion by means of a chain, counterweight, and index-plate. I

\' .V are jackets or casings of sheet and T-iron.

X is an ordinary brick wall, and

Y, a lining of lire-bricks.

'11 is a manometer, in communication with the pipe K or the cylinder J.

The proportions, size, and number of the various parts before enumerated may vary according to the purpose for which the apparatus is intended and its power.

The manner in which the apparatus is set up and arranged will readily be understood.

The tubes of which the boiler or generator proper is composed are arranged longitudinally above the tireplace. The lower. collector is supported on the front wall, and on ribs formed for the purpose above the arches of the doors. I

In these ribs notches or grooves are formed, which determine the exactposition of the collector and form its bed.

The back'of the generator rests on a bridge of brick-work at the back of the tire-place, on which bears a cast-iron plate, for forming a reghlar and solid support, on which the tubes are free to expand.

Each part of the generator is composed of tubes bent into a horseshoe or fork-shape, and they are connected together by screws, sockets, and boxes, which, as well as the lower collector, (and the upper collector if desired,) are furnished with mud-hole doors, on the removal of which the interior of the tubes may be cleansed. v

The boxes and the collectors are maintained at the desired distances apart vertically and. horizontally by rectangular brackets .or supports, which are openworked, to allow of the passage of brushes, for cleansing the tubes which they cover.

The separation of the bends of the tubes at the back is maintained by disks placed between the bends of each two adjoining horse-shoe tubes, aml these disks are mounted on horizontal tubes, with a bolt passing through each concentrically.

These tubes act as distance-pieces bet-ween the bends of the generating-tubes, and by tightening the nuts of these concentric bolts, flat iron bracing-pieces, fitted vertically at each side of the gemrating-t-ubes, are pressed against the ends of the stay-tubes, which limit the tightening, while allowing the bends sulficient play for the generating-tubes to expand or di'- late at the back as at the front.

The flat braces are bent upon the tubes of the two outer horseshoe tubes, to keep the whole number of tubes firmly together.

The generator thus united and stayed possesses perfect solidity and homogeneity, and works as if it were in a single piece.

A fixed sheet-iron bafiie-plate is arranged trans vcrscly in the center of the generator, to avoid the action of direct currents, and to cause the products of combustion to be distributed as equally as possible over all parts of the generator.

011 eaclrside of the generator, between the brickwork and the tubes, that is to say, in the part'where the quincunx is not continued, an obturator is fitted longitudinally, to stop the too direct passage of the flame.

A'plate or partitism for turning back the flame covers the hinder part. of the generator for about twothirds of its length; that is to say, that it leaves free at the front a suflicient passage for the products of combustion. It is pierced with holes.

This partition is indispensable on the one hand, because, the air being always admitted into the ash-pit, from the front to the back, at a certain speed, the resalt is that the combustion is always more active at the back part of the fire-bars, and that in consequence of the direction of the'current of air, the flame has a great tendency to proceed toward the back of the generator. It is therefore necessary, in order to utilize the whole. heat, to cause the hot gases to return to the front On the other hand, in the arrangement shown in the drawing, the chimney-damper being placed at the back of. the generator, this partition for-turning back the flame is necessary to prevent the formation of a direct current to the chimney.

The superhcaterplaced above this partition rests at each side upon the brickavork. It communicates at its front end with the upper collector, and at its back end with the purifier.

This super-heater is applicable to the three kinds of boilers before mentioned.

The super-heater, as show-n in the drawings, is composed of two coils or circulations of tubes, interlacing or crossing each other. It is superior to super-heaters formed of only one coil or circulation of tubes, for the reasons that the total internal section of its tubes is greater, it possesses more rigidity, the spaces between the tubes are nearly equal in all directions, and form narrow fines, preserving a large section for the passage of the hot gases; the brushing of the tubes is performed in a more perfect manner, as the brush, when passed into one otthe tines, is naturally and forcibly'applied against the top of one tube and the bottom of another; the hot gases are more divided, and the extraction of their heat is more complete.

At its end the superheater is also furnished with a sheet-iron obturator, tit-ted vertically in front of the opening of the cliinmey-damper. This obturator causes the gases to be distributed over all the extent of the super-heater, by preventing them from passing direct to the chimney.

.The two coils of tubes in the superheater are stayed, so that all the tubes are maintained apart.

a, in figs. 1, 2, and 3, is a dip-pipe for clearing out the superheater.

b is the steam-pipe leading to the engine.

(I- is a movable shield or air-jacket, to prevent radiation from the front of the boiler.

is an intermediate covering, for parting off and closing the space between two adjoining boilers.

In cases where the chimney is placed on the top of the generator, as represented by the sectional side elevation in tig. -'which illust'ratcs am arrangement for a fifty-horse power stationary boiler, specially in} tended to utilize waste flame and heat, the partition or plate for turning back the flame is dispensed with; or rather, it is placed on thetop of the superheater as an obturating-plate. It covers the superheatel' so as to leave only sutficient opening for the, easy passage per collectouii'oni wliich'tlie water drawn in excess of the gases.

This opening for the gases is apportioned betweenthe front and the back of the generator, in the inverse ratio of the facility with which the products of com- .bustion have a tendency to pass at one part or the other.

When the chimney communicates with the top of the generator, the purifieris laced at-the side, as in a, fig. 4, is the chimney. I I

b is a door for getting at and clearing out the ashes.

d, a perforated plate for the admission of air.

0, the channel or passage leading tothe same.

j, the waste-flue from the oven-furnace.

g, a bracket for supporting the purifier, and

h h are soot-doors placed in the side-walls.

The working of the boilers is as follows:

During the working the regulating feed-valve, which is in constant communication with the feed-pipe, being charged to the desired pressure, the water furnished by the feed-pump, or by any other means, eriters the upper part of the cylinder J by the graduated cock M and by the valve N.

The cylinder J being in communication with the upper and lower collectors B and G, has thus perfect equilibrium of pressure with the interior of the generator.

From the cylinder J the feed-water passes into the lower collector, and rises simultaneously into the gencrating-tubes until its level is the same in the tube as in the cylinder J, and, consequently, in the gaugeglass (in the cylinder.

The lowest tubes, tha't is to say, those nearest the fire, are traversed by the current of water at the least elevated temperature. They are thus not liable to injury from the tire.-

It is in the second and third rows of tubes that the boiling is the most active, and that the steam bubbles, as they become disengaged, draw with them a relatively large quantity of water in the vesicular state.

These drops, to which the steam acts as a vehicle,

- are rapidly vaporized by contact with the tubes of the upper rows. Then the whole of the steam thus formed is dried before reaching the purifier, into which it .issues by passing through the orifices of the tubes D for dividing the steam-supply,.which tube equalizc s the work between the difierent units.

The drier E is applicable to all kinds of apparatus,

such as described. In those which are provided with it, the steam, normally, very saturated, reaches the upreturns to the cylinder J by the return-pipe K. The

steam is then dried by circulating through the superheater E. r

In apparatus not provided witnthe superheater the generators are generally composed of a greater number of tubes of such height that the drying of the steam is effected therein. If under-these circumstances any water wasd'rawn intothe upper collector,

.it would return by the pipe K into the cylinder J a before explained.

The pipes for conveying the steam to the engines are fitted on the purifier F. Having now described my invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be; carried into elfect,

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv k l. The employment, with stea1n-generating tubes arranged substantially as described, of acylinder or other suitable vessel, J, connected and communicating with the highest and lowest series of said tubes, and with the water-feed, substantiall in the 'manner and for the purposes set forth.

The combination of the generating-tubes, upper and lower collectors, and external cylinder,.'communi-H eating with said collectors and with the water-feed,"

under the arrangement and for operation as specified. 3. The employment within the'upper collector of a tube, connected with the steam-outlet, and perforated to divide the supply of steam, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination. with the generating-tubes Y and upper and lower collectors, communicating'with the equalizing and feed-cylinder, as specified, of the purifying-apparatus, connected either directly withthe generating-tubesor with the superheater'or drier, interposed between it and tl1e tubes,-as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.

- J F. BELLEVILLE. Witnesses I Gun. ARMAGAND, J AMES HAND.

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