US1015881A - Means for the transmission of energy by electromagnetic waves. - Google Patents

Description

R. A. FESSBNDEN. MEANS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY BY ELEUTROMAGNETIG WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED D2019, 1906. 1,01 5,88 1

Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

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MEANS FOR THETRANSMISSION 0E ENERCY BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 19, 1906. 1,015, 1 Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

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v R. A. FESSENDEN. MEANS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.19, 1906.

1,015,881 Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

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UNITED STATES PgrEnT OFFICE.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL ELECTRIC SIGNALING COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A

' CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MEANS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY'BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Beit'known that I, REGINALD A. 'FESSEN- DEN, citizen of the United States, and resident of Vashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Means for the Transmission of Energy by Electromagnetic Waves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of transmitting by electromagnetic waves sounds, writings and pictures from a central station to a number of subscribers.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, Figure'l shows diagrammatically apparatusfor transmitting writings, sounds, either speech or music and for transmitting pictures. Fig. 2

shows an apparatus for transmitting writing, Figs. 3 and 5 show in. detail apparatus for receiving the Writing. F1g. 4 shows apparatus for recelving the sounds. Fig. 6

shows diagrammatically an office building arranged for receiving the writings, sounds and pictures.

In the'practice of my invention I construct a central distributing station shown in Fig. 1 where 1 is a structure which may be an oflice building and 2, 3 and 4 are antennze. The antennae 2 and 3 are constructed in the fashion well known in the art. The antenna 4 is contained in a wholly or partly conducting tube 5 which may for example be a portion of an. elevator'shaft or an air shaft- The antenna 4 is supported in this shaft and is connected to a source of high frequency oscillations 6 by means of the transformer whose coils are 7 and 8, and the antenna 4 is grounded at 9. When high frequency currents are caused to flow into the antenna 4', if its electrical constants are properly proportioned the whole oflice buildmg 1 may be caused to actas an antenna and to radiate out electromagnetic waves very efficiently. There may, of course, be two or more such antennae in a single oflice build-.

ing and the ofiice building maybe caused to emit waves of more than one frequency.

The antenna'2 is grounded at 10 and the antenna 3 is grounded at 11. For the transmission of writing, an apparatus which may conveniently be of the Grey tel-autograph type shown at 12 and in Fig. 2 is used. This acts, either by manual impulses in a well known way or by Specifieatipn of Letters Ifatent. I Application filed December 19, 1906. Serial No. 348,660.

Patented Jan. 30, 1912.

electrical impulses transmitted over the line 13 to affect the strengthof-the fields 14, 15 of the high frequency alternators 16, '17. These alternators' 16, 17' are of different frequenci'es and are tuned to the compound antenna 2 by means of the inductances 18, 19. The fields of the alternators 16, 17 may be wound if desired differentially.

As shown in Fig. 2, in detail 16, 17 are the high frequency alternators of Fig. 1, 14, 15 the fields of the alternators, 1S, 19the tuning inductances and 2 the antenna. The motion of the writing point 20, by changing the resistances 21, 22 varies the. currents flowing in the fields of the alternators from sources 23, 24, and thereby the strength of the. emitted Waves. Many modifications may be employed, for example the fields may be Wound differentially or the resistances 21, 22 may be placed in. the high frequency circuits instead of in the field circuits. i

For transmitting speech or music the antenna 4 is used. Thisis operatively conn'ected as mentioned above to the high fre- I quency dynamo 6 through the transformer 7, 8. 25 is a telephone relay transmitter having a mouth piece for. local talking and also being capable of operation from a dis: tance through the circuit 26. The operation is' well-known. (See Fig. 6 of my United States Patent No. 793,649.)

In Fig. 1 the antenna 3 is arranged to transmit waves representing pictures. This device comprises a high frequency'alternator 27 to generate the waves, and by means of a light and projector 28, the picture to besent is projected from the negative 29 on to the instrument 30. This is a high frequency commutator having numerous sectionsconnected to a seriesof selenium cells, so that when the cells are affected the character of the waves is altered. The cells are arranged after the fashion of the grating of a half tone plate, and the aggregate" character of the waves is governed according to the character and position of the light projected upon the grating of cells, whichflight is ofcourse in turn governed by the picture to be transmltted. The partlcular construe 'tion of this devicetis not essential to my invention herein claimed. Y

Fig. 6 shows a subscribers station. 31 is an oflice building, 32, 33, 34 being antenna:

' respectively grounded at 35, 36, 37, 38. For

receiving wrltin for example stock quota-- tions, 39 is a writing apparatus, which may I be of the Grey tel-autograph type, connected to the antenna 32 through-the two primaries 40, 41 as shown in detail in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 3, 32 is the antenna grounded at 35 and 36, 40 and 41 are primaries whose secondaries are 42 and 43. 44 and 45 are variable capacities, 46 and 47 are receivers of any suitable type producing indications by continuous current, for example thermoelectric receivers of tellurium and silicon which furnish their own current, as is well known. 48 and 49 are small plunger-magnets which, by means of their supporting lever beams 48* and 49 resting on carbon resistances 50 and 51 control the magnets 52 and'53 of the Grey tel-autograph 54. 55

and 56 are localbatteries for actuating the tel-autograph.

In operation the waves received affect the instruments 46, 47 so as to produce currents in the coils 48, 49 which fluctuate in accordance with the fluctuations and the stream of waves sent, which in turn of course are varied in consonance with the movements of the writing point 20 of Fig. 2. The writing point 54 of Fig. 3 being governed in its position and motions by the magnets 52, 53, excited by the sources 55,

56, it will be observedthat these last mentioned circuits are controlled by changing the resistance of the carbon resistances 50, 51 which in turn are altered in resistance in accordance with the movements of the magnets 48, 49 and thus with the character 7 of the trains of waves transmitted.

The circuits including the antenna 32 and coil 40 on the one hand and the circuit including the antenna and the coil 41 on the other hand are respectively arranged as well known in this art, by tuning to respond to and 64 the knife edge, 65 is a local battery and 66 is'one of the magnets 52or 53 of the tel-autograph above described. The received waves causing by their fluctuations a variation in the current at 60, alter the character or mean time of contact at 62.

It is found in practice that the intensity of the localcurrent in the magnet 66 depends upon theintensity of the oscillatory currents received by the antenna 32.

For receiving sounds, the antenna 33 in 'Loiaem Fig. 6 is used. 67 is the primary of a transformer operatively connected to the appa ratus 68 which is shown in detail in Fi 4.

In Fig. 4, 33 is the antenna grounde at 37, 67 is the primary of the transformer, 68' 'ItS secondary, 69, 70 are condensers, 71 a re ceiver, 72 a potentiometer, 73 a telephone relafy, 74, 75 are the primary and secondary o a telephone induction coil, 76 'a local battery, 77, 78, 79 telephone receivers and 80 a loud speaking telephone.

Thetelephone receivers and loud speakingv telephones are'connected in at the otfice of the subscriber. Y

' The device for receiving pictures is connected with the antenna 34, grounded at 38 and by means of a local battery 81 which excites the vacuum tube 82, the fluctuations or alterations in characteristics of the wave trains received are caused to reproduce the picture on the instrument 83. This is an arrangement of 'oscillatin mirrors which operate upon the princip e of persistence of visual impressions, but the particular construction not being a part of the invention here claimed is not described here.

By the above described apparatus '1 may transmit from a central dlstributing station all of the news of the day, such as reports and pictures, or music, or conversation to a great many subscribers simultaneously. The transmission of all intelligence appealing to the different senses being accomplished by the agency of electromagnetic waves, which makes it very eflicient and economical as will be readily understood. The present application is intended to cover the general system and the transmission of writing by electromagnetic Waves, and the transmission of pictures is claimed elsewhere.

What I claim herein is the following:

1. In the art of transmitting intelligence, thecombination with a radiating structure for electromagnetic waves, of means to excite the same for radiation of waves representing sound, Writing and pictures simultaneously, and a receiving station having means to select the waves of the three kinds and, simultaneously reproduce sounds, writing and pictures.

2. The combmation with a sending device and a receiving device operated by electromagetic waves,- of means for generating a continuous train of waves and modifylng them in groups, representing several kinds of intelligence, and means at the receiving station for selecting the several groups and thereby reproducing several characteristic kinds of intelligence, substantially as described.

3. In theart of the combination of a central station having devices for generatingia continuous stream of electromagnet'c waves, and modifying distributing intelligence, I p A them in accordance with speech and hand writing, and a plurality of receiving stations having devices for selecting the said modified waves and reproducing the said speech and writing, substantially as described.

4. In the art of transmitting intelligence, a generating station having a wave emitting device, and generating means associated therewith to efi'ect the emission of-a continuous stream of electromagnetic waves,

. apparatus for modifying said Waves in accordance with several forms of the intelligence to be transmitted, and a receiving station having a plurality of receivers, each of which is adapted to respond to the modified waves representing one form of intelligence; substantially as, described.

- 5. Apparatus for transmitting intellirrzee com risin a sendin antenna a generator for causing the antenna to emit a continuous stream of electromagnetic waves, a tel-autograph arranged to modify.

the action of the generator, a receiving station, and a tel-autograph connected in the receiving circuit of the receiving station, and tuned to respond to the modified impulses produced by the tel-autograph at the sending station. 6. In apparatus for transmitting of energy,

a building having an interior conducting shaft, a wave generator within the building, t

and a conductor extending upwardly from the wave generator through .the shaft 17th day of December A. D. 1906.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN. Witnesses: JESSIE E. BENT, ADELEINE WOLENER.

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