US1014437A - Electric heater. - Google Patents

Description

C. O BASTIAN.

UTRIG H APPLICATION FILED FEB). 1010 EATER.

BLE

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

3 SHEETS -SHEET 2.

Witnesses C. O. BASTIAN.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION TILED FER-1.1910.

Patented J an. 9, 1912.

'3 SHEETS-SHEET 3,

Z O FL 0. v H,

Q Oitwc was CHARLES 0mm asr'mN, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

i ELECTRIC HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

Application nled February 4, 1910. Serial No. 542,059.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ORME BAS- TIAN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at London, England, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Electric Heaters; and I do ereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to electric heaters, and has for its object the production of a heater which will consume less current, or will be more efiicient for a given out-put of heat, and will be less expensive to manufactiiiire than electric heaters heretofore proose p To these ends the invention consists in the novel combinations of parts and details of construction more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanyin drawings forming a part of this s eci cation, in which like numerals refer to ikeparts in all the views :Figure 1, is a longitudinal sectional view of a heater made in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2, is a sectional and elevational view of the parts shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a diagram of the circuits; Fig. 4, is a detail view'of the heat deflecting late; 5, is a like view of one of the eat resistance elements; Fig. 6, is an elevational view of one of the porcelain insulating plates; 7, is a sectional view of the same, and Fig. 8, is a pers ective view of one of the clamps for hol ing the resistance elements. h

1 represents any suitable base supports; 2 suitable end plates preferably of cast metal carried by-the supports 1, and tied together as by the rods 3.. To each end plate is preferably secured, as by the screws '4, an insulating head 5 conveniently made of porcelain and having the lugs 6. These terminal heads may be further provided with slots 7, into which fit lugs 11 on a heat deflecting late 8, preferably made of aluminium, an on this plate may be secured the conductor'tube 9, preferably made of porcelain, as by the straps 10.

Theinsulating porcelain head plates 5 are rovided with a number of counterloore holes, into which fit fastenings 12 preferably provided with nuts 13, which sulating paste 14, as shown. These fasten-- mg screws secure to the porcelain heads may be conveniently surrounded with an inclamps 15 provided with resilient jaws 16,

between which fit the ends of the resistance elements, as will be readily understood.

In order to more firml secure the clamps 15 to the porcelain hea s 5. they are r0- vided with projecting lugs '17 WhlCll fit into corresponding recesses in the porcelain head, as best illustrated in Fig. 7.

In order to protect the resistance element at its ends, and also to provide a readily detachable electrical connection between the same and the jaws 16, the ends of said element are provided with an asbestos or other heat insu ating sleeve 18, and around the same passes a metallic clamp 19 having jaws secured together by the screw 'or other fastening20, as best illustrated in Figs."5 and 7. The element itself is composed of a quartz tube 21, in which is located a conductor 22 of nickel or other suitable material and of sufiicient resistance to be raised up to or above a red heat when the ordinary current used'in the heater is turned on. This con-' ductor is preferably composed of a spirally wound wire, as illustrated, and the ends 23 of said wire preferably pass out of the tube 21 and are secured to the screws 20, as illustrated in Fig. 5. It is evident that if the clamps 19 are snapped .in between the jaws 16, an electrical connection will be formed between the wire 22 and the jaws-16, and at the same time the said clamps'19 will be protected. from heat generated in the wire 22 by means of the asbestos sleevelS.

In the form of heater illustrated, it is preferred to employ six quartz tubes 21, which together with their conductors and connections I will hereinafter designate as resistance elements, and it is preferred to make the clamps 15 of German silver. When six of these elements are employed the circuit through thesame is preferably arranged as indicated in Fig. 3. That is to say, one of the head plates 5 is preferably provided with a projection 25, which fits into a hole in the casting 2, and which itself is provided with a' assage 26, as best illustrated in Fig. 7. ne 0 the lead wires 27 passes through the hole 26, thence through the conductortube 9 over to the other plate 5 and to the point 28 where the current divides, part passing by way of the wire29,

lltl

which represents a resistancev element, thence to the point 30, which represents the clamp holding said element, thence to the point 31, which represents another clamp holding-another element, along the wire32, which represents the wire of another resistance element, to the points 33, 34, along the wire 35, and to the point 36, which represents the extreme end of the third resistance element, which is fed by this portion of the current. From the point 28 in Fig. 3, another portion of the current passes to the point 37, wire 38, point 39, point 40, wire ll, point 42, point 43, wire 4A, point do, and finally joins the other portion oi the current at the point 36, whence the wi e it; returns the current to its source.

The porcelain projection 25 and the con. ductor tube 9 aii ord ample protection .iior This method of win Q ing is used where the heater is to be operated l the conducting wires.

on a 110 volt circuit. ll however the heater is to be used on a 220 volt circuit the con- I ductor tube 9 may be omitted, the .wire'27 leads directly to the point 28, and the re sistance elements connected in series for with the higher voltage suhicient current will pass to permit of this arrangement of parts. The lugs 6 on the porcelain heads project, say one-half of an inch, from the tacesoi the heads, and serve to prevent short circuiting of the elements, in the event of a piece of metal or other conductor dropping down on the terminal clam s 19, A wire or other screen 50 preteralo' in order to protect the same from mechanical injury.

From the fact that the tubes Qlare made of quartz, which is transparent to radiant heat rays, substantially all of the heat generated in the wires %2 is radiated out into the'room, and from the fact that quartz is practically non-onidizable at a heat, it may normally be used at such heat without material deterioration, lln addition to this, at a red heat, very little oxygen is left in the tube to oxidize the conductor, and l am consequently enabled to use for the resistance element oxidizable metals which, or co rse, greatly lessens the cost. That is to sag, it is well lrnown that an electric heater it run at a temperature above or correspending" to a red heat is much more economical and ellicient than it run at a temperature below red heat, It is also well lrnown that practically no metals outside of gold and platinum will stand temperatures corresponding to a'redheat in the atmosphere without oxidining to an injurious extent and that, therefore, at such temperatures electric heaters which have been heretofore proposed have not been run. efiiciently except when they employed metals as expensive gold for their resistance the simple expedient, however, inclosi'ng base metals y surrounds the elements.

Ltilhdt? in a quartz tubeand permitting the high temperature to expel the air I am enabled to run said metals at a red heat and still have the same protected from any injurious oxidizing action of the atmosphere, 'and it therefore secure all or the advantages and the very high ediciency which would accompany the use of latinum spirals.

It is evident t at those skilled in the art may vary the arrangement of parts and the details of construction, without departing from-the spirit of my invention, and therefore it do not wish to be limited to such features except as may be required by the claims.

What it claim is i. In an electric heater, the combination of insulating head plates; clamping means pro vided with resilient jaws attached to said plates; a resistance element held by said clamping means and comprising a quartz. tube; a conductor in said tube; heat insulating means surroundin the ends of said tube; a clamp with which said conductor is in electrical contact surrounding said insulating means, and suitable supports for said head plates, substantially as described,

2. In an electric heater, the combination of insulating head plates provided with projecting lugs (i; clamping means rovided with resilient jaws attached to said plates between said lugs; a resistance element held by said clamping means and comprising a quartz tube; a conductor in said tube; heat insulating means surrounding the ends of said tube; a clam with which said conduct/or is in electrical contact surrounding said insulating means; and suitable supports for said head plates, substantially as described.

3. in an electric heatenthe combination of suitable supports; castings 2 carried by said supports; insulating head plates provided with protecting lugs carried by said castings; clamps provided with resilient jaws secured to said head plates between said lugs; a heat deflecting plate extending hetween said head plates; and resistance elements extending between said clamps, substantially as described.

i. In an electric heater, the combination of suitable supports; castings 2 carried by said supports; rods "for holding said castings together; insulating head plates provided with protecting lugs carried by said castings; clamps provided with resilient jaws secured to said head plates hetween said lugs; in- I sulamd fastenings ror securingsaid clamps to said head plates; a heat defiectingplate extending list-ween said "head plates; tuhe adapted to receive the conductin wir s can ried by heat deflecting plate; sistance elements erftcnding between said clamps, substantially as descrihed.

5. ln an electric heater, he combination llllti llld of aninsulating head plate provided with nected with said last mentioned lamp, sub- 10 means for securing it to a support and havstantially as described.

ing protecting lugs; a clamp having resili- In witness whereof I have hereunto set ent jaws attached to said head plate bemy hand this 25th day of January, 1910, in

;= tween said lugs; and a resistance element the presence of two witnesses.

' comprising a clamp fitting said jaws; a heat CHARLES ORME BASTIAN. protecting sleeve 18 in said last mentioned VItIlGSSBSI clamp; a quartz tube in said sleeve; and a F REDK. L. RAND,

coiled conductor in said tube electrically con- R. T. VVILLIAMs.

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