US1014049A - Art of electrical distribution. - Google Patents

Art of electrical distribution. Download PDF

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Publication number
US1014049A
US1014049A US1911632503A US1014049A US 1014049 A US1014049 A US 1014049A US 1911632503 A US1911632503 A US 1911632503A US 1014049 A US1014049 A US 1014049A
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United States
Prior art keywords
current
amount
lever
lamps
wire
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Expired - Lifetime
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Inventor
Ralph D Cutler
Michael F Owens
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HARTFORD ELECTRIC LIGHT Co
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HARTFORD ELECTRIC LIGHT Co
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Priority to US1911632503 priority Critical patent/US1014049A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, the networks, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/50—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2105/54—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads according to a non-electrical condition, e.g. temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • Patented J an. 9, 1912.
  • This invention relates to a method of distributing, on the premises of a consumer, electrical energy furnished by a public service corporation.
  • a consumer who is provided with various electrical.
  • translating apparatus such as lamps, water heaters, roast-- ing and baking ovens, boiling and stewing cookers, pressing irons, and motors, the aggregate capacity of which is large, but which are not all utilized at the same time, can by this method be supplied from a cen; tral station continuously with a definite uni form amount of electrical energy that is less than the aggregate capacity of all the apparatus, but suflicient to efficiently operate such apparatus as the consumer desires to utilize at anyone time.
  • the object of this invention is to arrange such a system of distribution on the premises of the consumer that, while he may be provided with various kinds of electrical translating apparatus which in the aggregate require more current, he will at any one time only use the predetermined fixed amount of current that he has contracted for.
  • This is attained by supplying the customer continuously with a uniform fixed maximum -amount of current at a flat rate or controlled meter, which he can use practically all the time for specificpurposes, and providing means which automatically divert part of that-currentfrom the specific purposes, to other uses when desired, so that the company will only be called upon to furnish a current of fixed wattage and the customer only required to pay a fixed definite amount, regardless of the particular uses to which the current is put.
  • the consumer draws from the line for 24 hours a day continuously a predetermined fixed number of watts of electrical-energy for use in connection with-certain translating apparatus. If he wishes to use other apparatus, the system is so designed that the simple act of starting 'hot- 10 to 15 gallons of water per day.
  • the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings as arranged for supplying a consumer continu-v ously with a fixed definite amount of current for operating a water heater. :1. baking and roasting oven, a boiling and stewing cooker and some lamps, and at the same time permitting, without drawing any more current from the mains, the turning on of the lights.
  • C indicates a cooker of the fireless type having the usual heat non-conducting walls and provided with an electrical heating resistance r of, for example, 45 watts capacity. If this apparatus is supplied with substantially this amount of current at a fixed voltage, say 60 volts, for practically the entire 24 hours, its internal temperature will keep at about 250 R, which has been found suflicient For boiling and stewing tood.
  • 0 indicates an oven, also of the fireless type, having the usual heat non-conducting walls' and provided with two electrical heating resistances r, for example, of'30 watts capacity each.
  • the oven temperature will be about 350 F which has been found to be a good baking and roasting temperature.
  • the water heater which is indicated may have a percolator P provided With a heating resistance 1', of say 100 watts capacity, for heating a stream of water, and a tank T- provided with a heating resistance?" of say 30 watts capacity for keeping hot the water heated by the percolator. It has been demonstrated that such a heating apparatus, if supplied continuously for practically 24 hours with 130 watts of 60-volt current, will heat and keep L indicates a 15-watt incandescent lamp of common variety.
  • the wires of the resistances of these pieces of apparatus are connected with the wire of the inductive transformer coil T of 250 watts capacity, 250 watts being the aggregate capacity of the translating apparatus mentioned for the ends of the conducting levers.
  • the wire I- of the percolator resistance is connected directly with the wire of the transformer coil; the wire of the cooker resistance is connected with a terminal 1; the wire of the upper oven resistance is connected with the terminal 2; the wire -l of the lower oven resistance is connected with the terminal 3; the wire of the tank resistance is connected with the terminal 4; and the wire of the lamp is connected with the terminal 5.
  • Adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 1 is the end of a conducting lever (3; adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 2 is the end of a conducting lever 7; adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 3 is the end of a conducting lever 8; adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 4 is the end of a conducting lever 9; and adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 5 is the end of a conducting lever 10.
  • These levers are indicated as pivoted on a bar 11 which is connected with the wire of the transformer coil. Under normal conditions the ends of these levers are engaged with the several terminals.
  • the transformer takes 250 watts of current continuously from the main line M. This is distributed through the circuits mentioned for practically 24 hours a day, and as the demand is uniform and continuous, this small wattage of current can be supplied from the central station at a low flat rate for a given term.
  • the position of the lever 12 with relation to the conducting levers depends upon the amount of current flowing through the solenoid, consequently, the amount of current that is diverted from the cooker, oven and water tank depends upon the number of lamps that are switched in. When all of the lamps are turned off, all the current is redirected to the cooking and heating apparatus.
  • eating apparatus to per orm t eir normal 5 functions, automatically diverting from said heating apparatus sufiicient quantity of current for temporarily energizing lamps, when Witnesses: the lamps are switched in, and automatically JOHN E. LYNCH, re-directing the diverted current to the heata H, R. WILLIAMS.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)

Description

R. 1). CUTLER & P. OWENS. ART OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.
APPLICATION FILED JUNE 10. 1911.
Patented J an. 9, 1912.
mam aims UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
RALPH D. CUTIiER AND MICHAEL F. OWE-NS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNORS TO THE HARTFORD ELECTRIC IiIGI-IT COMPANY, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, A
CORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.
ART OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Jan. 9,1912.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it knownthat we, RALPH D. CUTLER and MICHAEL F. ()wnNs, citizens of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Gonnecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Art of Electrical Distribution, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to a method of distributing, on the premises of a consumer, electrical energy furnished by a public service corporation. A consumer, who is provided with various electrical. translating apparatus, such as lamps, water heaters, roast-- ing and baking ovens, boiling and stewing cookers, pressing irons, and motors, the aggregate capacity of which is large, but which are not all utilized at the same time, can by this method be supplied from a cen; tral station continuously with a definite uni form amount of electrical energy that is less than the aggregate capacity of all the apparatus, but suflicient to efficiently operate such apparatus as the consumer desires to utilize at anyone time.
The object of this invention is to arrange such a system of distribution on the premises of the consumer that, while he may be provided with various kinds of electrical translating apparatus which in the aggregate require more current, he will at any one time only use the predetermined fixed amount of current that he has contracted for. This is attained by supplying the customer continuously with a uniform fixed maximum -amount of current at a flat rate or controlled meter, which he can use practically all the time for specificpurposes, and providing means which automatically divert part of that-currentfrom the specific purposes, to other uses when desired, so that the company will only be called upon to furnish a current of fixed wattage and the customer only required to pay a fixed definite amount, regardless of the particular uses to which the current is put. With this method of distribution the consumer draws from the line for 24 hours a day continuously a predetermined fixed number of watts of electrical-energy for use in connection with-certain translating apparatus. If he wishes to use other apparatus, the system is so designed that the simple act of starting 'hot- 10 to 15 gallons of water per day.
that apparatus automatically diverts sulficient current for the purpose from its riginal circuit, so that the consumer can use such apparatus as he pleases, but cannot draw any more than the specific amount of current.
The invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings as arranged for supplying a consumer continu-v ously with a fixed definite amount of current for operating a water heater. :1. baking and roasting oven, a boiling and stewing cooker and some lamps, and at the same time permitting, without drawing any more current from the mains, the turning on of the lights.
In the'system illustrated, C indicates a cooker of the fireless type having the usual heat non-conducting walls and provided with an electrical heating resistance r of, for example, 45 watts capacity. If this apparatus is supplied with substantially this amount of current at a fixed voltage, say 60 volts, for practically the entire 24 hours, its internal temperature will keep at about 250 R, which has been found suflicient For boiling and stewing tood. 0 indicates an oven, also of the fireless type, having the usual heat non-conducting walls' and provided with two electrical heating resistances r, for example, of'30 watts capacity each. With these energized by this amount of (iO-volt current for practically 2 1 hours, the oven temperature will be about 350 F which has been found to be a good baking and roasting temperature. The water heater which is indicated may have a percolator P provided With a heating resistance 1', of say 100 watts capacity, for heating a stream of water, and a tank T- provided with a heating resistance?" of say 30 watts capacity for keeping hot the water heated by the percolator. It has been demonstrated that such a heating apparatus, if supplied continuously for practically 24 hours with 130 watts of 60-volt current, will heat and keep L indicates a 15-watt incandescent lamp of common variety. The wires of the resistances of these pieces of apparatus are connected with the wire of the inductive transformer coil T of 250 watts capacity, 250 watts being the aggregate capacity of the translating apparatus mentioned for the ends of the conducting levers.
illustration. In the system illustrated as showing the method of applying this invention, the wire I- of the percolator resistance is connected directly with the wire of the transformer coil; the wire of the cooker resistance is connected with a terminal 1; the wire of the upper oven resistance is connected with the terminal 2; the wire -l of the lower oven resistance is connected with the terminal 3; the wire of the tank resistance is connected with the terminal 4; and the wire of the lamp is connected with the terminal 5. Adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 1 is the end of a conducting lever (3; adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 2 is the end of a conducting lever 7; adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 3 is the end of a conducting lever 8; adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 4 is the end of a conducting lever 9; and adapted to normally make contact with the terminal 5 is the end of a conducting lever 10. These levers are indicated as pivoted on a bar 11 which is connected with the wire of the transformer coil. Under normal conditions the ends of these levers are engaged with the several terminals.
When the system above described is in use, the transformer takes 250 watts of current continuously from the main line M. This is distributed through the circuits mentioned for practically 24 hours a day, and as the demand is uniform and continuous, this small wattage of current can be supplied from the central station at a low flat rate for a given term.
In the apparatus indicated by the drawing and used as an illustration of an embodiment of the invention, there is a lever 12 pivoted at 13 so as to extend adjacent to This lever is normally held away from the conducting levers by means of a spring 14. The free end of this lever is connected with an electro-magnet armature. lin the form shown this armature is the core 15 of the solenoid 16. One end of the solenoid coil is connected with the transformer coil, and the other end of the solenoid coil is connected with the wire of the lamps 17. The lamp wire h is connected with the wire of the transformer. Ten 15-watt lamps are indicated for the purpose of illustration.
Practically all of the 250 watts of current, which is supplied continuously for 24 hours, goes through the water heater, cooker, oven, and one lamp. If theconsumer desires one light at any particular locality, when he switches it on, 15 watts of the current flows through the solenoid coil. This draws in the core and causes the solenoid lever 12 to engage the conductor lever 10 so as to lift its end from the terminal 5 and open the circuit of lamp L. If two more lamps are turned on, enough current passes through the solenoid to draw the core farther in and cause its lever to engage the conductor lever 9 and open the cirucit at terminal 4. This cuts out the heater coil in the Water tank. As more lamps are turned on more of the heating coils are cut out. should be turned on at the same time, which is not often the case, suflicient current would flow through the solenoid to draw in the core and cause the lever 12 to engage all the conductor levers and open all the circuits containing the heating coils of the cooker, oven, and water tank. As the lighted lamps are switched off, the amount of current flowing through the solenoid is reduced so as' to relieve the pull on the solenoid core and allow the spring 14 to move the lever 12 out of engagement with the several conductor levers, permitting these conductor levers to again close the circuits containing the 0011s of the various apparatus. The position of the lever 12 with relation to the conducting levers depends upon the amount of current flowing through the solenoid, consequently, the amount of current that is diverted from the cooker, oven and water tank depends upon the number of lamps that are switched in. When all of the lamps are turned off, all the current is redirected to the cooking and heating apparatus.
It is of course understood-that this invention is not limited to the particular varieties of apparatus mentioned, nor to apparatus which uses the specified quantities of current, nor is it limited to a system utilizing alternating current. The types of ap paratus and current figures given are merely illustrative and apply to an embodiment of the invention which has proved practical in the case of such a customer as has been mentioned as an example.
The invention claimed is:
1. The improvement in the art of distributing electrical energy to various electrical translating apparatus which 'COIlSlSCS in continuously supplying a current of uniform voltage and fixed wattage of less amount than the aggregate capacity of the translating apparatus but of sufficient amount to cause certain of the electrical translating apparatus to perform their normal functions, automatically diverting from said translating apparatus a suflicient quantity of current for temporarily energizing other translating apparatus when the latter apparatus are switched in. and automatically re-directlng the diverted current to the former apparatus when the latter apparatus are switched out,
whereby the amount of current used never varies.
2. The improvement in the art of heating and lighting, which consists in contlnuously supplying an electric current of uniform voltage and fixed Wattage of less If all of the lamps amount than the aggregate capacity of the ing apparatus when the lamps are switched 10 heating apparatus and lighting apparatus out, whereby the amount of current used lplut of sufiicient amount to pause tlllie electrical never varies.
eating apparatus to per orm t eir normal 5 functions, automatically diverting from said heating apparatus sufiicient quantity of current for temporarily energizing lamps, when Witnesses: the lamps are switched in, and automatically JOHN E. LYNCH, re-directing the diverted current to the heata H, R. WILLIAMS.
US1911632503 1911-06-10 1911-06-10 Art of electrical distribution. Expired - Lifetime US1014049A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627013A (en) * 1950-02-17 1953-01-27 Ira E Mccabe Control means for electrical distribution

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627013A (en) * 1950-02-17 1953-01-27 Ira E Mccabe Control means for electrical distribution

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