US1010017A - Process of refining crude cotton-seed oil. - Google Patents

Description

mssn c. onisnonu,

]? DALLAS, TEXAS.

PROCESS OF BEFINING CRUDE COTTON-SEED OIL.

No Drawing.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed February 27, 1911. Serial l lo. 610,977.

Patented Nov. 28, 1911.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known-that I, Jnssn C. CHIBHOLM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dallas, in the county of Dallas and State of Texas, have invented certain new anduse- 'ful Im rovements in Processes of Refining Crude otton-Seed Oil, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to processes of refining oil, and particularly to a process of refining crudecotton-seedoil. In the process of refining oil by the caustic soda method, the alkali employed not only neutralizes the fatty acids present but combines with a material uantity of the oil under treatment, saponiying it, thereby occasioning a considerable loss of oil. I

have discovered that if the acidity of the oil is overcome prior to the addition of the alkaline hydroxld thereto, the sa ponificat' n' of the oil by such hydroxid 15' in a very large measure avoided, the loss of oil due to saponification, being overcome.

- In the-practice of my process in its preferred form, I neutralize the oil by use (of rea ents which will combine with the fatty aci s present without efiectin the sa onification of the oil, such non-oil-sa onifying alkaline reagents reacting only with the constituents of the oil which itis desired to remove and not with the oil itself. The non-oil-saponifying alkaline reagents, which I prefer to employ are metal substituted bases, that is' to say, compounds formed by replacing the hydrogen of an alkaline hydroxid with another metal, such for example, as sodium aluminate, sodium ferrite, and sodium zincater These reagents not only neutralize the {oil without materially effecting 'thersaponification"thereof but as a 3 oflheir reaction with the fatty acids p1fesei1t,iprodu "metallic hydroxids which:

are particularly eifective'in lessenin the subsequent action of alkaline h droxid on the oilf 'al,'ld'=.'in' :reniovingt e oolor' miners and-ether nupuriues rr m thee Thefiadditioii' ofwnetal substituted bases wherein-a new -"iias"replaced hydrogen; as

the ate {ljtoi neutralise the: fatty acidity of I e crade'o'i1 -(oo'iower saponiffi cation later by the caustic) together with the precipitate of aluminum hydroxid in the neutral 011. The presence of this precipitate aluminum hydroxid, on the addition of the caustic soda reunites with a portion of the same to form the original substituted base while-any excess acts as free caustic soda, as on a neutral oil containing no precipitated material.

The non-oil-saponifying reagent, as for example, sodium aluminate, is added to the crude oil until the acidity of such oil is overcome, the mixture being neutral or slightly alkaline, as. may be determined by tests with litmus or by the taste of the oil. The mix ture is agitated preferably at anelevated perfectly homogeneous mixture of the oil and alkaline reagent is effected. There is p es to preferably from approximately 120 to 140 F., the alkaline hydroxid solution being added until such samples are found to have reached the critical point, that is to say, the point at which the soapstock precipitate in the sam le will settle rapidly and completely from t e oil and be raot cally free from obtained oil. When th s po nt 1S reached no further addition of the alkaline hydroxid is made. The oil is stirredor otherwise; 'tated while being treated';w;,ith.'tlie alkaline ydroxid." The mass'of treatedzoil 'isthen heated to preferably from 1 ).0:. ,to

120 F., the mixture being agitated during,

such heating.' The heating and ggi tg,i1ig are continued until the soap stookgart cles a lomerate a test of a removed sain p e-ofthe oil shows that the soap stock thepein' will settle rapidly and completelyfirom therefinedoil. The oil isthenall owed'jp temperature of from 75 to 90 F.-until a- I have found that improved results maybe obtained in the practice of my process by subjecting the crude oil to a preliminary treatment, consisting in heating it to about 80 F. and subjecting it to agltation prior to the addition of the metallic substituted base thereto. When the oil is subjected to this preliminary treatmentsuch metal substituted base is preferably added immedi-' ately-after such treatment without allowing the oil to cool, the remainder of the rocess being carried out exactly as hereinbe ore set forth. When the preliminary treatment is omitted .the crude oil may be heated either before or after the addition of the metal substituted base. I have also found that the treatment of crude cotton-seed oil with a metal substituted base alone, particularly when the oil is heated and agitated, improves the'cbaracter of such oil materially.

While in the practical ope'rationof my process -I prefer to heat the oil as indicated,

some measure of success -may' be obtained without subjecting the oil to artificial heat. In summer a considerable measure of success may be obtained throughout the southern States without any application of artificial heat. At other seasons of the year and in other sections of this country some measure of success may be obtained b 1 rolonged treatment with the reagents herem set forth,

without any application of heat, whatever, but the practice of my process can be carried out most efiectively under the conditions of temperature. hereinbefore set forth.

In two separate applications for processes of refining crude cctton-seedbil, designated 4 as Cases A and C, and filed concurrently herewith I have described and claimed, first, a process. of overcoming the acidity of the crude oil and subsequently treating the neutrial or slightly alkaline -oil with an alkaline hydroxid, (case A Serial No. 610,976,) and Sec0nd,'a processor overcoming the acidity ofthe oil y the use of an alkaline silicate,

- and subsequently treating 'tlie-zneutralor alkalin'e oil an alkaline h'ydroxid Case (3, Serial K113610378}?- The first mentioned process is not broad y claimed herein, and the last naa'ned process is not specifically eimedilmr i described any, invention, I

, of refi1 1ing crude cottonseed-"oil? which conslsts m subjecting it to the action of a metal substituted base wherefr an elevate temperature, ad

in a metal has replaced hydrogen until the fatty acids present are neutralized, then to the action of an alkaline hydroxid and separating the oil from the precipitate formed.

2. The process of refining crude cottonseed oil, which consists in subjecting it to the'action of heat and a metal substituted base, wherein a -metal has replaced hydrogen, then to the action of heat and an alkaline hydroxid, and separating the oil from the precipitate formed.

3. The process of refinin crudecotton seed oil, which consists in ad ing a metal substituted base wherein a metal has replaced hydrogen, agitating the mixture at'an elevated temperature, adding an alkaline hydroxid thereto, agitating the mixture at an ,elevated temperature, and separating the oil from the precipitate formed.

4. The'herem described process of refining crude cotton-seed oil, which consists in adding an aqueous solution of a metal sub stituted base wherein a metal has replaced hydrogen until the, fatty acids resent in the Oll are neutralized, agitating t e mixture at an elevated temperature, addin an aqueous solution of an alkaline hydroxid, agitating the mixture at a temperature of from a proximately 75 to 90 F., maintaining t e temperature of the oil until a test sample of the mixture shows the re uired color, add ing additional alkaline hydroxid until a test sample of the mixture removed and heated to approximately 120 to 140 F. the soap stock precipitate separates'rapidly and-completely from the oil, then heating the mass of treated oil to approximately from 100 to 120 R, such heating being continued until the soap stoclrwill settle rapidlyand c0mpletely from the oil, allowing soap stock to settis, and separating the oil from such soap stoc I 5.- The process of refinin crude cottonseed o1l, which consists in eating it to a temperature of approximately 80 F. while agitatin the same, adding a solution of a metal so stituted base wherein a metal has replaced h drogen, agitatiri the mixture at ding an alkaline hydroxid, agitating the mixture at an elevated temperature, and se arating the oil from the precipitate formed 6. The process of refining crude cottonseed oil, which consistsin subjecting it to the action of a non-oil-saponifying basic compound then to the action of an oil saponifying base, and separating theoil from the precipitate formed.

. 7. I he process of refining crude cottonseed 011, w ich consists in subjecting it to the action-cf heat. and a non-oil-saponifying basic compound then to the action of an oilsaponifying base, and separating the oil cm the precipitate formed.

8. The process of refining crude cotton In testimony whereof I afiix my signature seed oil, which consists in subjecting it to in presence of two witnesses. the action of a non-oil-saponifying' basic compound until the fatty acids present are JESSE CHISHOLM' 5 neutralized, then to the action of an oil- Witnesses:

saponifying base, and separating the oil C. W. PARKER,

from the precipitated formed. B. P. Frsmammn.