US1008482A - Constant-potential electrical system. - Google Patents

Description

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D. 11,-. Lo'vEJoY;

CONSTANT POTENTIAL 'ELECTRICAL SYSTEM',

' APrLIoATIon rrLnn m17. 1910.

Patm @d Nov. 14, 1:3111.

tical arrangementjof circuits set'forth dia-,1j` c l M, is a 'permanenw magnet, and S1, to S 'at Freneatu44 in the county of Monmouthan State of 'New Jersey, have invented v certain l Constant-l Potential ElectricalSysteInS, V'o fwhich the followngiS-a specification.`

hmmm n. Lavamat, or is'anNEAU, vNEW -Ji naar.. v

.L g it may concern:

Be it known that'I, DrMMrrr Ross Joy, 'a citizen of the United States, residin new and useful Improvements in My'invent-ion relates to constant potential "'etc., utilizingl as a primary source of ene 'a relatively; i

ghvoltagejcircuit such as t e incandescent lighting supply' of the house,

i I am aware that attempts' have beenfmade andati-the saine time t'o provide that thef higher voltage of the source can never .be-'imheretofore to utilize electric lighting current 4for the above,purposesusing Vresistances' in series' tofc'ut down the voltage, but this 'is' dangerous because the voltageis "cut down only at- -the tiniecurrent-,V-'is .flowing and, whenthe circuitis4 brokemas aft-the contacts of a vibratngIhelI, the full voltage acts to canse severe arcin'gat-these points,fburn ing them foutrapillyy and -furthermore, when no f current fis flowing,V the "full voltage `of the lighting system. is imp-.,Ssed upon the be wiring-causing adangerous fire hazard and much" ytrol'iblefr ornf leaks, ounds, crosses electric .lighting servicefm'ayfbe ntiliied as ar source of current, .while provi-ihn also i that the highvoltage'can inno case' l rpressed upoirrthe low i otential wirlng Aand apparatuatliereby ohviating the above mene.' ltioned difficulties.v t

'In the drawings, righe i, tees the ,prac

-grammaticallyg in 'Fi 5,- and also the details of themeans where y* the pilot coil adaptedltovary 'theresistance of arm 3 of? then'etwork so as to produce a balance-i Fig.

f sectional'view'taken along the''line II, III

view of e circuits which are lshown in prac tical arrangement in 1. i

appnatioaaieanay 7, iaio. seria; ne. $0,064.

Love'f systems `for `lovv voltage, and itsobject is to` secure a substantially constant voltage sup. f ,ply-of low` potent-ialcurrentffor use! in operating' telephones, bells, sgnaling1.systems,

' coil, -K,' -this coil bei] tgfadapted by means of.'

" I aqoin lishthe ,bjeetsf `ashereina terset ifo t-hfand ont Stonebridge, as sho vn diagrammatically in bridge being high 1 esistances -pro'l'iortioned toeach other as the; atie of the high' voltage Thethirdarmof th a brid comprises variable ,resist'ances Si', S25.' ourthfarm being th e system of -low 'voltage Wiring .and appara us. Thebalancearni, between thepoihts I andi Q, inclufieswaJ pilot suitable switching-m echanis'm such' as shown 'ance ofthe-.third ar `n proportionally to the lvariations that'mayoccur '1n` the `fourth arm C,finc1dental toits. lse in signaling, etc., so as always toprodu( e'a'balance and adrop Iarm beingape'rma-ner tly fixe by the', ratio of Varm r2 tp arm l, ther abysecuring'ithat aconthe limits -of thecap Lcity ofthe "dev ice."

Inall, thegures, Arepresents the' source volt'llghtingseryice v B1 and Bt areirres pectivelyanns l-'and 2 `of the bridge or -net vork, the ratio o f these 'volts, then B1 may` be .2000 ohmsgan :ratiooflOOivolts to 1.0.

fthe pilot coilK is. en bled to vary the resist-- :ance of ann 3.' I I R1, R', and R", `ar s relays.,`

"are 4resistanees'of i rogresiivly increaain value and forming arm 3 of the networ groupingin t e in ai mer well art' 'in series-with thecontacts T toT' of the Fig. 5, the ratio a `rms and B" ofthe minus the low volt Lge to4 the low voltage rhall bei'mpessed 4upon c 'thewcrkingcircuits C comprising arm 4 of the bridge. If=this voltage is tobesa' 1Q y c B- 95 4"vvill then be 200.01: ms, these being in the.,l

These may be in sel iesfas sh'own in Fig.I 5, c or in parallel as sin wn in lfig. 1, the-connections. bein suita )ly 'arrange-d for either@4 own 'inl the r i -11014 1 to W are-,smi 11 resistances connected f UMTED STATES :PATENT carica# l spectra-stiano: Lettera nicht; 5F51-, mfed lav.' 14,', V1911',

inverti@y l* e principle f offthenetwork of conductors, or- Wheatin F31, automatilI ally to vary the 'resist-r. Y

ofpo'tefntial'in this i ourt'harmequal toithat in thesecond arm', his -dro inthe second H 'stant potential sha1] bei-impressed upon the'. low voltage system C, either onopenfor- A closed circuit conflit on ofthe same and re- ,gardlessof the resis ance Vvariations thereof 4 and at allcurrent s :rengths therein Within cur rent supply, asthe 4110 i l D, represents the s witchin ,4 -be :Eurtherdescribcd in -detai and byl whlch" 65.1 s, etc., and (the.

f able from left to ri tached thereto and insulated therefrom is av i to be freely slidable in holes in opposite relays to prevent complete short .circuiting of the coils of their respective relays by the closing of their own contacts.

The switching mechanism D, com rises' a framework E, sus ended by strips F, or otherwise mounted -so as to be freely movht and vice versa. At-

iiat coil K, ladapted to play in the field of the magnet M.

G1 to G, are metallic rods mounted so as sides of a metallic supporting frame and to lmake electrical connect-ion therewith, frame H, being fixed to a proper supporting base as shown and itself not movable.

l, 'G1 bein as shown in Fig. the shortest and G the longest. These ro s are covered with insulating material, such as enamel, at their middleportions as shown 1in Figs. 1 and 4, and al except'the lower rod carries a Sleeve permanently fastened tothe insulating portion thereof and carrying a contact spr adapted to make electrical connection with the next lower rod when ,the

. latter is pushed to the left by the frame E striking against its right handv end.: TheseV contact sprin s are lettered I1 to I". Resistences Sl'vto 5 areV connected preferably in arallel as shownin Fig. A1, these resistances ing ofprogressively increasing value as before stated, each being of a value one half of the next in order. Sl5 lis the highest resistance andV S1 the lowest. When the source A is of 110 volts and it is desired to operate the circuits C at 1 05'volts, these resistances will be of such 4value as to cause a drop of volta e of 100 in h., and' their values may be or instance StL-11000 ohms, -S4=5O0 ohms, S3=250 ohms,

S2=125 ohms, YS1=62.5 ohms, and so on when more vcurrent is, desired. VVit-h the above-valueawhen all `the 'i'esis'taiices are cut in by the switching mechanism D, t-he total current flowin from source A will be equal t0 uthe sum `o the currents through each a totalof 3.1 amperes. higher resistances 1000 connection is made directlyto the Contact In the c 'ase of the springs Il5 and It respectively, ,as the currents are small enough to be safely 'made and rents.` These relays are provided with iine wire windings and are connected as shown totheirrespective contactsprings I1 to I3, 60.

these 'contacts being therefore required to handle only the exciting currentsfof their respective relays. The. other connect-ions are as shown in the: drawing. A ground is pref# erably connected at G,1t being The rods are of progressively increasing lengthv and 500 ohms, the' jis forl precisely .7 ampere,

assumed that: the 'negative sidecf the electric light `system .produce motion to the left when the resistance of arm'3 is too high, and consequently motion to the right when said resistance is too low to produce a balance of the then condition of arm 4.

'lhe operation lof the device is as follows: The frame E is normally in the osition shown in Fig. 1, and the springs 1 to Is have their endslbearin on the insulated portions of rods Gr2 to trical contact therewith. Arm 3 of the bridge is then open circuited and no current flows throufgh ity or arm 4. When there is a lowering o resistance of arm 4, as when a push button ispressed,.the balance will be isturbed and current will flow from oi'iit AQ to point P of the network throug the balance arm and pilot coil-y K and thence through system C and back to source A. This current will -cause K to move to the left, and the frame E will strike rst the' right hand end of-rod G, pushing it also to the left and allowing spring Is to make contact therewith. A current of .1.amp. will then flow .from A, -through resistance S r"and out of elecand contact spring I to rod G", thence to frame H, thence to point P and to system C and back to the negative side of source A.

The ei'ect of this current is to raise the pol tential of the point P and to tend to diminish the-current flowing through the balance arm and coil K. Further motion of K and E tothe left next moves rod G6 to the left and spring I* makes contact therewith, `allowing .2 ampere to ow through resistance Sand be added tothe .1 ampere already flowing through Sand further raising the potential of the point P and further diminishing the current throu h coil K. If the system C is now of suc resistance as to draw more than .3 ampere, current'will still fiow from K left, pushes rodA Gr4 and allows spring I. to make contact therewith, thus energizin relay Rs land closing contacts T. t This a ows' .4 ampereto flow through resistance Ss to contact T3, resistance W, point P, to system C, ,and further raises the otential of point P and further diminis through coil K. If the demand of system C the current is now gll sup lied from 'A through resistances S, an be" raised to thesame potential as the point Q and the current through coil K will be completely stopped and the switchin mechani'sm will come to rest. If system -wanted still more current, balance would not'- point Q, to point P through coil, which, on its further movement to'- the es .the current l iso a in parallel, and the point P-'will yet be reached and current would Astill 4How;`

,from point Q.' throuiglr I( and. on its further movement to the le rods Gr and G* would system` C through arm 3 and none would flow from point Q. i The coil K therefore,

carrying no current, Would come to rest, and fla condition would obtain so l'ong as the demand for current by system C was constant. As soon as this denland diminishes or ceases, the potential of rise above that of point and current I' would flow in a reverse direction through I Copies 4of this patent may be obtaintd for K, causing it to move now to the right and E 'would strike against the left hand ends of rods G to G2, commencing with the longest G6 and then the others in succession, this continuing until allof the springs Is to I1 were slidout of contact With'their respective rods and thereversed current 'through K reduced to zero, vthis being the normal position shown in Fig. -1.

Let us supposethat the demand for current by C is not such as to be precisely made up by the progressive sums of .1+.2-{-.3{.8 i amperes, etc. For instance, suppose C to be' of such a resistance as to require say .6

ampere at the fixed potential of 10 volts.V

The action will then be as follows.4 On closing the circuit at C, current ivill flow from point Q through coil K as before, causing K to move to the left,su|rcessivelycutting in .1 ampere, then .2 ampere, then .4 etc. This last step being .1 ampere in excess of the requirediamount, the potential of? rises above that of Q and the current Vthrough' K Will be reversed. K \no\v moves to the right and cuts out the Icontact I5, reducing the current from'A by .1 ampere, and the remaining .6

fainpere being just the required amount, a

balance is reached and the coil stops. ,If the demand had been for .5 ampere, a balance would not yetbe reachedand coil Kjvould continue to move to the right, cutting out next contact I* and reducing the current by .2 ampere more and leaving .4 ampere flowing through resistance Si.` This being too little to supply the demand, the current would again reverse through K, which Would again move to the left, cut in contact I, and adding .1 ampere, would produce a balance and come to rest.v The same effect of left and right motions of K would take place,

oint P would and rods G to Gz'would be pushed back and forth, always beginning with G and progressing in thel same order W iether cutting in or out, and a balance Wol lid be reached Within .1 ampere to meet any demand from .1 ampere to 3.1 amperes, the maximum capacity of the apparatus here f hown.

I do not mean to confine myself to the exact construction or details si t forth in this specification and drawing. herein set forth may bei-.carrie d out in other Ways. i

I claim- 1. In a'loiv potential systei n,r a relativelyA highgpotential source of ele trical energy, and resistances to control the t urrent iiowing therefrom, saidresistances for ming branches of a network'of conductors irranged as 'a Theatstone bridge, two of slid resistances bearing a fixed ratio to each other and fixing the ratio of lthe high potential to the said low potential and forming the ratio arms of the said network, o 1e of the said resistances being variable aid forming a third arm of the said netwoi' i, and current using devices of relatively lov potential and forming a fourth arin of sa d network, in combination Witha pilot coil ncluded Vin the bridge arm of said network, said pilot coil being adapted, by means of s iitable switching mechanism controlled the reby automati- L cally to control the said varialc le resistance of the said third arm so as to pr( duce a balance and to impress upon the sait current using devices a substantially consta at potential.

2. In a loi'v potential syste n, a relatively high potential source of ele :trical energy,

current using devices of loivei potential, and

resistances interposed betwe n said source and said devices and adapted to control the voltage impressed on said de `vices by oliniic drop, said resistances being ai ranged to forniy f The principles tional variations in said thii d arm and for.

maintaining said balance.

` i D. R. LOVEJOY. Witnesses: 1 ARTHUR L. SEIBERT,

lV. I-IoLLoWAY.

nvmcents each, by addressing the Commis ioner of Patents;` Washington, D. C. i

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