US1008152A - Aeroplane. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. 7,1911

iv 2 Q iinmentm Attnmry I. HOURWIGH.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.2,1910.

ISKANDEB'HOURW'IOH, OF VJASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov, 7, .1911.

Application filed December 2, 1910. Serial No. 595,194.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be t known that L'lsnsnnnc llounwion,

citizen of the United States,'residi ng at 'Washington, in the District of Columbia,

have invented certain new and. useful Int provements in Aeroplancs, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to aeroplanes, and pertains especially to planes for balancing aeroplanes and neutralizing the clipping actionthereof.

The object of the invention is to provide an ordinary aeroplane with a plurality of immovable end planes having such construction and arrangement relative to each other and to the line or direction of the dipping action or motion of aeroplanes, to which such end planes are connected, as to govern the course of the aeroplane.

A st ll further object of the invention is to provide a plurality of planes adapted to be attached to or connected. with the ends of the main planes of aeroplanes and having such relation to each other and to the line of dipping motion of aeroplanes as to balance the latter and prevent skidding thereof.

With these and various other objects in view, the inyention consists in a plurality of planes adapted to be fixed to or'rigidly connected with the usual main planes of aeroplanes, and having such fixed position relative to each other and to the vertical plane of flight to control and equalize the dipping action of aerop anes.

In the acconu'ianying drawings forming part of this application: igure 1 is a perspective view ofthe main or top and bottom planes of an ordinary aeroplane showin the application of a pair of balancing planes at each end of the main planes. Fig. 2 is a detailpe spective View, of one end of the main planes showing balancing planes. Fig. 3 is a diagram looking at the edge of the main planes showing three balancing planes at each end, and a computation of their resultant action on the flight course of an aeroplane.

The same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

The main or top and bottom supporting planes 1 and irespectively aresimply employed to exemplify the application of the invention and the latter is not confined or res ricted in its use or application, but may 1' used successfully .in connection with-Va 'rious aeroplanes for neutralizing the dipping action thereof.

In carrying out the invention the aeroplanc frame 3 has a'support 5, projecting downwardly and outwardly from each end thereof for supporting an upper balancing plane 6'; and the aeroplane frame 4, has a support 7, pro ecting upwardly and outwardly from each end thereof for supporting a lower balancing plane 8. The planes 6 and 8, extend across the ends of the aero plane so as to leave aspace or. air passage 9, between the planes anda. similar space or air passage 10, between said planes and the ends ofthe aeroplane. It is important that the position of the planes 6 and 8, relative to each other and to the planes 1- and such as to balance the aeroplane and counteract or prevent the dipping. action thereof, therefore the balancing planes are arranged in pairs of one plane 6, and one plane 8, at each endof the aeroplane; the planes 6, being at-an angle of less than to the vertical plane of flight of the aeroplane, and the planes 8, being at an angle of more than 45 to the vertical plane of flight of the aeroplane. It is also important that the balancing planes be properly spaced opal-tend apart from the ends of the planes 1 and 2, as to form air passages of equalcapacity.

' In Fig. 2, is shown one end of an aeroplane having anadditional balancing plane parallel with the plane 6, and

11, above and two of such planes 11, are added to the plane 8,"parallel with each other and with.

the plane 8. The said additional planes are supported by a frame 12, and such planes may be multiplied, or reduced in number to not less than one pair 6 and 8 at each end of the aeroplane) as desired or as may be found expedient in the practical application of the same.

It will be understood that the frames of I the balancing planesmay be permanently fixed or they may have such means of at tachment as to permit them to be fixed in properposition and to be readily adjusted or removed; that when said planes are in Working position they are stationary or immovable by hand or by'wind currents, and that their relative location and the air spaces between them and between them and the planes 1 and 2 are necessary to the successful carrying out of the invention and the results attained thereby, as Will now be fullyset forth.

lteferring to Fig. 3, of the drawings, when either Qtttl (for example the left; end) of the aeroplane dips downwardly the plane t3, at this entl will pull in a direction perpendicular to the force ()l), \vhieh has been found not to exceed one huuilretl pountls, and as the supporting area ot' the plane (3, is about. twenty-live square feet, this amounts to approximately tour pounds to the square :toot, whieh may he protlueetl by an aeroplane the angle of incidence of whit-h is about 30 to the vertieal plane of flight. The forees Oi) antl OI) represent the amount iaeh itoree pulls for (,OltipltttittQ the square, the resultant toree heing,- (Jill, and the tlireetion (it the aeroplane is tletteetetl trout a tlt)\\'ll \vai'tl path or tlireetion to the path or direction iutlieatetl l) the line t)l The planes ll have an augg le oi, iueitleure tt ttHtl l2 o1 43 to the vertieal plane of Night. ainl as the Sttlt't ol their areas is ttouhle that at the planes 5, they exert a tort-e in an upwartt tlire tion tlouhle that of the l'oree ol the planes t3. Denotin; tit" planes ll. at tlte lel't eutl ot the aeroplane autl eouipletiu; the square one sitle ot' \vhi h is til, ttlttl the other side ol \vhieh is ()t", the resultant l'ort'e antl tlllttllttlt ot' the aertr plane is At). ln the the invention tilt is the aetual tlireetion he eause the plane H. exerts an upwartl 'l'ort'e less than the tort-e ot the tlowuwarti motion 1 uiovahle halt tlt'ttttf planes pro]eet'tng ol the aeroplane. The planes on the othet tlltl ot the aeroplane atso opposes the up \vartl push antl therehyneutralize the dipping motion ol the aeroplane Ilt shouhl he untlerstootl that the shape. niaterial antl size of the etpialiyiiup' halauein; plane may he sueh as to produce the hest results tlttftll'tlllhfj to their partieular applieatiou, and that they ma he attat-hetl in any Jsuitahle ttlttl expetlitious manner as to ttSHtlltlt ti.\'e l position at sueh angle may he tlesirett.

ltaviug thus tleserihetl tit) invention \vhat t. t'laini as new unit tlesire to set-tire hy Let tiers'latent is:

t. in a living tnaehine, the oiuhination,

its

l t i pianos ol' the upper as the l'ori'e ol' th 3 ,allel balancing planes projecting with supporting planes, ot a pair of parfrom each entl ol the supporting plai'ies parallel theto with so as to leave an air pas age between the halaneine' planes and the entls of the supporting planes. the halaneiug hot'h pair eonvere'iug towartl eaeh other and having an air passage therehetn een.

In a thing lttttt'ltlllt, the eoinbination, with supporting planes, of a l alaneing plane projecting tlt)\ I\Y21 '(l laterally from each end ol the supporting planes, and a balancin; plane projeetiug upward laterally from each entl ol' the supporting planefi, said halntttitrif planes having an air passage between thenn antl air pas ages hetiveeu these planes ainl the rutls ol the supporting planes.

in a ll viu; niaehiue, the eonihination, \vith .supportin planes, of a plurality of halanriug plants llKt'tl to eaelt mat of the sin-porting piano sueh planes heing' att'argetl in pper autl lower parallel f-ltlS, the

et iueliuiug outwartlly :t'itt tluvt nwartllv and the planes of thelou'er et iueliuiu ttllt\'\':iltll atul upwartlly with air pas ages hetn'etn the planes of both StltS, air pa ages hetwren hoth sets: ot planes, antl air passa 'es hettveeu all of the halaneing unit the eutls of the supporting ptaurs planes.

l, in a living; niaehine, the eonihiuation, with supporting planes of a pair o'li iniitttttl). eat-h einl ot' the supporting planes, the upol iueitlenee autl the lower planes of hoth air haviue' equal angles of ineitlenee, with an air pa sage hetween the planes of both pair :unl air passages hetweeu the ENC l8 0f the supporting planes antl both pair of hataneine -planes.

lu witueea whereof l hereunto set; my haiul in the preseueo of two witnesses.

1871'; AN D1) it t O URYVTCH.

\Yitnesaes:

( 'l. int/r, J. Rosa Cornonn.

planes of

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