US1001789A - Process of rendering vitreous compounds turbid. - Google Patents
Process of rendering vitreous compounds turbid. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1001789A US1001789A US49949409A US1909499494A US1001789A US 1001789 A US1001789 A US 1001789A US 49949409 A US49949409 A US 49949409A US 1909499494 A US1909499494 A US 1909499494A US 1001789 A US1001789 A US 1001789A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- vitreous
- turbid
- compounds
- rendering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrofluoric acid Substances F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 glass Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/04—Opacifiers, e.g. fluorides or phosphates; Pigments
Definitions
- This invention relates to the art of-glassof rendering vitreous compounds, such as glass, enamel and the like cloudy, semiopaque or turbid.
- the object of the said invention is to produce such cloudiness or semi-opacity in a uniform and even manner, such as it has not been possible to effect by the methods hitherto practiced for this purpose.
- cryolite fluor-spar, oXid of tin or of zirconium, oXid of titanium, phosphate of calcium or bone-ash, antimonious acid or large quantities of silicic acid or oxid of zinc.
- cryolite fluor-spar, oXid of tin or of zirconium, oXid of titanium, phosphate of calcium or bone-ash, antimonious acid or large quantities of silicic acid or oxid of zinc.
- These substances render the vitreous mass into which they are introduced, cloudy or murky, by virtue of the fact that they are not dissolved in the melt, or are precipitated in a solid condition. as opaque masses on cooling or reheating of the vitreous compound.
- the glass is rendered opaque in this way or is applied to a metal backing in the form of an enamel. The effect and appearance is the same in both cases.
- I preferably proceed as follows: I melt a quantity of one of the boron compounds above mentioned, such as borax or trioxid of boron, together with one or several of the refractory oXids above mentioned and then, while cooling or allowing the mass to cool, I pass steam or acid vapor over or through the melt, that is, into contact with the same.
- boron compounds above mentioned such as borax or trioxid of boron
- the mass so obtained is then added to the vitreous mass, such as glass or enamel, to be renderedturbid.
- Another way of proceeding is to add the .flux or boron compound together with the refractory oXid to the vitreous mass to be rendered turbid at the beginning and then to proceed as above, that is to say, to subject the same to the action 'of steam or acid vapor which is caused to pass .into contact with the mass while cooling.
- a turbid vitreous mass containing particles of a double compound of boron and zirconium, said compound being finely distributed throughout the mass and not attacked by lyes or acids, with the exception of hydrofiuoric acid.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
manufacture and in particular to the method UNITED slams PATENT orr cn.
LUDWIG WEISS, OF MUNICH, GERMANY.
PROCESS OF RENDERING VI'lR-EOUS COMPOUNDS TURBID.
No Drawing.
T 0 all whom it may concem:
Be it known that I, LUDWIG lVEIss, chemist, citizen of Germany, residing at Munich, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Rendering Vitreous Compounds Turbid; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to the art of-glassof rendering vitreous compounds, such as glass, enamel and the like cloudy, semiopaque or turbid.
The object of the said invention is to produce such cloudiness or semi-opacity in a uniform and even manner, such as it has not been possible to effect by the methods hitherto practiced for this purpose.
'Heretofore it has been customary to employ cryolite, fluor-spar, oXid of tin or of zirconium, oXid of titanium, phosphate of calcium or bone-ash, antimonious acid or large quantities of silicic acid or oxid of zinc. These substances render the vitreous mass into which they are introduced, cloudy or murky, by virtue of the fact that they are not dissolved in the melt, or are precipitated in a solid condition. as opaque masses on cooling or reheating of the vitreous compound. In carrying out the old methods it is immaterial whether the glass is rendered opaque in this way or is applied to a metal backing in the form of an enamel. The effect and appearance is the same in both cases. Under the present invention an essentially difierent reaction and effect is attained. In carrying out the same, a compound of boron, preferably boraX or'trioxid of boron, is melted together with the oXid of zirconium. As equivalents of the mid of zirconium, oxids of other diflicultly fusible elements, preferablv the tetravalent elements, such as silicon, tin, tetravalent, lead, titanium, or thorium may be used. If sufficient quantities of the flux or boron compound are employed, the mass will'be fused to a transparent vitreous mass. Under this invention substantially saturated solutions of one or more of these metals in the flux are employed, and the mass after fusion is cooled, steam or acid vapor being concur- Specification of Letters Patent.
rently passed into contact With the mass, that is to say over or through the same. The vitreous mass is thereby rendered turbid. This is due to the fact that under this treat ment a special kind of double compounds of boric acid is formed and precipitated. If the mass is slowly and gradually cooled, or allowed to cool, these double compounds are separated as extremely fine amorphous par- .ticles which are uniformly disseminated throughout the mass. The distribution is the least'perfect in the case of thorium.
I have found that the above complex boron compounds effectually resist the action of acids and generallyof lyes; they are only dlssolved by-hydrofluoric acid and they are therefore admirably adapted for rendering turbid such glasses and vitreous compounds whose use exposes them to the action of acids and lyes. j
In carrying out my invention, I preferably proceed as follows: I melt a quantity of one of the boron compounds above mentioned, such as borax or trioxid of boron, together with one or several of the refractory oXids above mentioned and then, while cooling or allowing the mass to cool, I pass steam or acid vapor over or through the melt, that is, into contact with the same.
The mass so obtained is then added to the vitreous mass, such as glass or enamel, to be renderedturbid. Another way of proceeding is to add the .flux or boron compound together with the refractory oXid to the vitreous mass to be rendered turbid at the beginning and then to proceed as above, that is to say, to subject the same to the action 'of steam or acid vapor which is caused to pass .into contact with the mass while cooling.
The advantages of the new process con- ,sist in the fact that the clouding of the vitreous mass is made extremely uniform and that the agents for producing this result act-much more eflectively, comparatively small quantities of the same being only required. It is also important to note that the clouding eifect produced is always successful under my invention and, moreover, the degree of turbidity or cloudiness of the finished product may be regulated and controlled, with nicety"accordingto the length of time during which the heated vapor, such as steam or acid vapor, is caused Patented Aug. 29, 1911. Application filed June 1, 1909. Serial No. 499,494. I i
to act on the melt, or to the amount of the vapor employed.
Having thus fully described my invention, What I claim is 1. The process of preparing turbid vitreous compounds, which consists in causing a heated vapor to act on a fused mass containing a boron compound and a refractory oxid, and concurrently cooling the mass.
2. The process of making turbid vitreous compounds, which consists in causing a heated vapor to act on a fused mass containing a boron compound and an oxid of a tetravalent element, and concurrently cooling the mass.
'3. The process which consists in cooling a fused vitreous mass containing a boron compound and an oxid ofa tetravalent element, and concurrently passing steam into contact with the same.
cooling and causing a heated vapor to act on a melted mixture of its ingredients.
6. As a new composition of matter a vitreous mass containing finely disseminated particles of a double compound of boron formed with a tetravalent element, which double compound has been formed by coincident-ly coolin and causing a heated vapor to act on a melted mixture of its ingredients.
7 As a new composition of matter, a vitreous mass containing particles of a double compound of boron with zirconium distributed throughout said mass.
8. As a new composition of matter, a double compound of boron and zirconium,
which is not attacked by lyes and acids, with the exception of hydrofluoric acid.
9. As a new composition of matter, a turbid vitreous mass containing particles of a double compound of boron and zirconium, said compound being finely distributed throughout the mass and not attacked by lyes or acids, with the exception of hydrofiuoric acid.
In testimony whereof-I hereunto affix my signature in the presence of two'witnesses.
LUDWIG WEISS.
Witnesses:
ABRAHAM SCHLESINGER, LoUIs MUELLER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49949409A US1001789A (en) | 1909-06-01 | 1909-06-01 | Process of rendering vitreous compounds turbid. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49949409A US1001789A (en) | 1909-06-01 | 1909-06-01 | Process of rendering vitreous compounds turbid. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1001789A true US1001789A (en) | 1911-08-29 |
Family
ID=3070113
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49949409A Expired - Lifetime US1001789A (en) | 1909-06-01 | 1909-06-01 | Process of rendering vitreous compounds turbid. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1001789A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3011901A (en) * | 1958-06-19 | 1961-12-05 | Nat Lead Co | Ceramic pigment compositions |
-
1909
- 1909-06-01 US US49949409A patent/US1001789A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3011901A (en) * | 1958-06-19 | 1961-12-05 | Nat Lead Co | Ceramic pigment compositions |
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