US1000924A - Gas-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

R'KRAUSE GASTU'RBINB. APPLICATION FILED MAY'ZO, 1910.

Patented Aug. 15, :1911

4 SHEETS-SHEET] WITNESSfS:

INVENTOR mama s P. KRAUSE. GAS TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED MAY 20, 1910.

Patented Aug; 15, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES."

ATTORNEYS P. KRAUSE.

GAS TURBINE. 4 APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1910.

Patented Aug, 15, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INVENTUR Paulfi'zw se ATTORNEYS I P. KRA USE. GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 20, 1910.

Patented Aug. 15, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.'

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ATTORNEYS "in the torrent a casing having an annular burn s OFFICE PAUL KRAUSE, or BABYLON, new YORK.

GAS-TURBINE.

1 ,00th92d.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aw. 15, 1911.

Application filed. my 20, 1910. Serial No. 562,469.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that I, PAUL Kilauea, a subjectof the German En'iperor, and a resident of Babylon, in the county of Suffolk and d 5 State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Garr-'lurbinmofwhich the following is. a full, clear, and exactv description.

This invention relates to certain improvements in turbines and more particularlyto that type of turbine in Which an explosive mixture is ignited in a separate chamber and admitted to the blades of the turbine.

One of the important features of myinvent-ion is the means employed, for controlling the explosive mixture and the delivering of the same to the blades of the turbine. In my improved turbine one or more separate chambers are provided, which are se-' cured to the wall of the turbine casing and within which the explosive charge is ignited.

These chan'ibers terminate in nozzles set at an angle to the blades, so that the ignited gases in entering the mamv casing engage w1th the blades at the proper angle.

ignition oi the gas thercin, and the delivering of: the igmtcd gas through the, nozzles, are all automatically controlled by the rotor oi'f'the turbine, so that there is no liability of in]ury from a delivery or an ignition of the gas at'thc wrong time.

The invention consists in the combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter defined in the claims, and one embodii'nent of which described in detail.

Reference is to be had to the accompany,

ing drawings, forming a part of this speciiication, in which similar characters of reference ind'xde corresponding parts in all the figures, and. in whichdfligme 1 IS an end view of a'gas turbine constructed in accordance With my inventron; F 1g. 2 is a top. plan view thereof; Fig.

a a transvers-se section in a plane along a diameter of the turbine,the combustion chambers and theirappurtenances being remt'ived; Fig. 4. is a side elevation of one combustion chamber; and. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section. on the line 5-5' of Fig. 1.

In my improved turbine, Icmploy a stator peripheral Wall 10 formed of sections bolted together, andtwo end Walls 11 and 12. The two end Walls have suitable bearings for supporting the main shalt 13 of the turbine,

which extends axially through the casing The 25 admission of the'gas to the chamber, the

and beyond both end Walls. Within the casing is the rotor having a hub portion 14, keyed-or otherwise rigidly secured to the shaft 13 and having a rim portion 15 held rigid in respect 5 to the hub by suitable spokes. The rim 1:") is of a Width substantially equalto the interior Width of the casing, and adjacent each edge-of the rim 15 are suitable packing rings 16, for forming a tight joint and preventing the admission of gas from the annular space outside the rim to the space between the rim and hubs. The end walls 11 and 12are provided with apertures 11 and 12%, respectively, and the spokes are set at an angle to constitute fan blades and to create a circulation of air through the casing inside of the rim who the rotor is in motion. The rim l5, upo'n its outer or peripheral surface, carries a series ofrows of outwardly-extending blades or vanes 17, While the peripheral Wall of the casing carries a plurality of rows of vanes or blades 18 extending inwardly toward the rim, the rows of blades 17 being arrangedfalternatel y with the rows of blades 18. The end wall 11 is provided with a plurality of inlet ports, hereillustrated as three-in number, and through which the ignited gas may enter thespace containing the vanes, bladesor buckets. The gas may travel. axially oi the turbine through this space to the opposite end wall 12, and may there escape into an annular channel 19 19. The suction fan may be driven by a suit able belt 22, Whlch may receive its power from a large combined pulley and lly wheel 28 on the shaft 13' adjacent one end of theturbine casing.

- One of the most important features of my invention is the means employed tor compressing, igniting and delivering the gas to the vanes or blades. of turbine illustrated, I employ three separate combustion chambers 24, each secured to the end Wall, 11 of the turbine casing and each set atan angle in respect thereto, so as to deliver the gas'against the buckets in the Qfirst row" and turn the rotor by impact as In the specific :lorm

Jthe admissionof explosive mixture to-the combustion chamber. In the specific form I illustrated, both of thesev-alves are in the well as by reaction. Each combustion chamber has ajvalve for closing communication between the chamber and the interior of the turbine casing, and at the outer end each chamber has a valve 26 for controlling form of turning plugs, and-each provided with suitable packing at each end,to prevent the escape of the gas to the outside atmos:

phere. The'gaskets are held in place by glands 25 and 26, and these glands have apertures in 'their outer surfaces. To prevent the glandsfrom rotating during therotation of the plugs, suitable spring stops 25 and 26 'are secured to the valve casings and have projections enterin'g'the apertures in the glands, as is illustrated particularly in Fig. l. To regulate the rate of flow of the gas through the two turning p'lugs independ ent o'fa variation in the degree of rotation,

"the two. plugs are mounted so as to be movable longitudinally to bring the passage through the plug into 01- out of direct registry with the openings in the-valve casing.

Each valve has an annular groove 55, adjacent one end adapted to receive-a yoke 56,

which iscarried by an arm'57 adjustably se-- cured to the valve casing. By moving the arm lengthwise,the valve plug may be sinii-.

-larly.=moved lengthwisc'and the rate of flow through the'plug will'thus be controlled? The explosive mixture is delivered to the several combustion chambers by branch conduits 27, which extend radially in respect to the turbine casing, and all of which unite with a maindelivery conduit 28,'-whi-ch lat'- tar-maybe controlled byja throttlevalve 28.

By connecting the delivery conduit 28 to the several branches 27 in alinement with the axis of rotation of the turbine, all of the branches will be of exactly the same length and each branch will receive the same quantity of gas. The delivery conduit 28 may receive its gas supply from any suitable,

source, as, for instance, a reservoir 29. As illustrated, the main shaft 13 of the turbine has a gear wheel 30, which intermeshes withr a gear wheel 310i a pump 32, which latter I delivers the explosive mixture through a conduit 33 to the pressure chamber 29. The

' pump may be of any suitable character and may "have a; carbureter 34, connected to the inlet thereofg ='-Eor" controlling the; inlet valves 26 and outlet valves 25 of the several combustion chambers, the main shaft 13 is providedwith a cam wheel 35 presenting a cam 36.0n one side .for'-,controllm one of the valves,

, and a cam 37- on the oter'side for'controlling the other valve. Each valve 26 has a pin at one end thereof eccentric in .respect thereto, and to this'pin'is connected an operating rod 39. The rod at its lowerend centric in respect thereto.

' turns.

.vcnt injury to the parts.

is connected to the end of lever 40 pivoted on a rock shaft 41. At the opposite-end of positc end, has a fork or yoke 48, for the rev" 1 ccption of a pin 49 on the valve'25 an'd e'ci A roller 4? may be kept in engagement with its cam by. a suitable spring 47. The cams'fildancl '37 are so construct'edtliat as theflrotor andcam turns, the valve 26 Wlll be intermlt tently opened to permit the delivery of ex-f' plosive mixture under pressure to'lthe co nbustion chamber. close, and as the charge is ignited, the valve 26 is opened to permit the escapelof the of combustion to the blades of the turbine.

For igniting the explosive mixture, each combustion chamber is provlded with an 1g-.

niter, which in the drawings is illustrated v hs a spark plug 51. "The main shaft, 13 01'" fiieengine'may have a'bevel gear 52, inteu' cshing with a bevel gear 53, which drives h timer 54, a distrib'uter, or'a combined timer and distributer, dependent upon the character of the ignition system. i

l The number ,of combustion chambers llustrated is not. important, as a larger or The valve 2(invi-ll then loo smaller .munber' of" combustion chambersmaybe employed, ii desired, but all of said chambers are so mounted that they deliver the gasin' thedirection in which the rotor. The cams. may be so. constructed. that all of the combustion chambers will dc liver their charges at the same time, or the. combustion chambers may. deliver in -succession but in the reverse order to the direction of rotation, so that. they. will not all ,del'ivergas to the same point on the rotor.

The time of ignition may be readily varied at the timer in the ordinary manner, and the speed of the turbine may be: controlled not, only by varyingthe' time of ignition but; also by varying the pressure of the gas in the reservoir-.29, or by varying the amount of gas delivered to. the combustion hamber, or, -by regulating the opening ofgthe valve '25 and controlling the time which is required for'the deliver fof-flthe-gases combustion from the com ustioh chamberto the blades. stator are supported betwe n-the rimf1'5 and the peripheral wall, '10 {the casing. and

both the rim. andlthejfl, all are freely ex posed to the'atmosphere, so that the tern-I pcrature'will be kept sufficiently low 'to preh d fi ff he' rotor. and

ing an annular peripheral wall and end walls, a rotor within said stator and having a peripheral rim III gas-tight engagement with said end walls, and spaced from said a peripheral wall of the stator, a plurality of rows of blades within the space between said rim and said peripheral. wall, and a plurality of combustion chambers secured to one of said end walls at an angle thereto and delivering therethrough tangentially and diagonally against said blades, the other of said end walls having an annular groove or channel for receiving the exhaust gas, and each of said combustion chambers having an inlet valve at the outer end thereof and an outlet valve adjacent the end wall of the stator, and means controlled by the rotation of said rotor for operating said valves.

2. A turbine having a stator presenting a series of radially-disposedblades and having an end wall, a rotor presenting a plurality of radially-disposed blades adjacent the first-nientioned blades, a plurality of combustion chambers secured to said end wall at, an angle thereto and delivering therethrough tangentially and diagonally against said blades, each of said combustion chambers having an inlet valve at the outer end and an outlet valve adjacent the end wall of the stator, and cam-controlled means controlled by the rotation of said rotor for operating said valves.

3. A gas turbine, having a stator presenting a plurality of rows of blades and an end wall, a'rotor presenting a plurality of blades adjacent said first-mentioned blades, a plurality of combustion chambers secured to said. end wall at an angle thereto and delivering therethrough against said blades, each of said combustion chambers having an inlet valve at the outer end thereof and an outlet valve adjacent the end wallof the stator, a cam operated by said rotor, and lever arms connected to said valves and terminating adjacent said cam, for operating the valves upon the rotation of the cam.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL KRAUSE.

\Vitnesses C. M. \Vnnns, lVM. G. Niconn.

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