US1000016A - Woven fabric. - Google Patents

Description

J. E. KERR.

WOVEN FABRIC.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1910.

1 ,OO0,016, Patented Aug. 8,1911.

JAMES E. KERR, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN FABRIC.

rooaore.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 1911.

Application filed July 21, 1910. Serial No. 572,976.

cation.

My invention relates to a reversible, figured, ribbed, woven fabric having ribs across the width of the same, of a more elastic and permanent character than usual, and which may be produced in weaving without the use .of wires.

The character of my improved fabric will be better understood from the following detailed description.

In the drawing, Figures 1, 2 and 3 are diagrams of longitudinal sections of my improved fabric, showing not only the regular structure thereof but some of the arrangements needed in producing different surface designs; Fig. 4, is a section and Fig. 5 a faceview of what I have hereafter termed the body fabric. These figures are diagrammatic in that they do not show the real ap pearance of an actual section, in which the threads would be pressed closer together, and in some cases drawn more or less to one side or the other, but they represent a looser and more formal arrangement such as is necessary to make clear the real structure of the fabric.

It should at the beginning be clearly understood that the fundamental and regular structure of my fabric is as illustrated in Fig. 1 from Z to m, (and also in portions of the other figures) while at g, h, 70, n and 0 are shown irregularities which occur when the different threads change places as required when forming a pattern on the face of the figured fabric: Such irregularities are, as is well known to all weavers, inevitable in any kind of figured fabric; but, although they appear so frequent in the drawing, in the actual fabric these irregularities occur, it should be remembered, only at the points where the figures change, that is around the edges of the figures. Over substantially all the body of the fabric the structure is quite regular, and is best shown in Fig. 1 from Z to m.

In my improved fabric I use a stuifer weft indicated by A and B, which in the illustration is supposed to be of two colors, light and dark; E and D, also light and dark, represent a figuring warp; C, represents another weft which I shall hereafter call the body weft, and f and f represent another warp, which I shall call the body warp.

One characteristic peculiarity of my improved fabric will now be apparent, namely that the body warp and body weft in themselves form a complete body fabric, of a plain weave, so that the rest of the yarn, (namely the stuffer weft A and B, and the figuring warp, D and E,) might be removed and still leave this body fabric intact, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, which represent a section and a face view of this body fabric as it would appear if the figuring warp and stuffer weft were pulled out and removed. In other words, there is in effect, a central body fabric of plain weave or mesh, which forms a foundation on which what might be termed the surfacing fabric is attached or supported quite in analogy with hand embroidery on a foundation fabric. I say in effect because, of course, the entire fabric is one, being produced by the one operation of weaving. It is however quite practicable to pull out the stuffer weft A and B and the figuring warp D and E and leave this body fabric intact, and I have actually done so. The ribs of my improved fabric also present what seems to me to be important char acteristics, difierentiating them from other ribs of the same class heretofore known: They are formed by the loops a, Z), in the figuring warp as filled or distended by the stufier weft A and B. Beneath this stufi'er weft, there is always a thread of the figuring warp D or E which supports it, and this figuring warp is in turn supported by the central or body fabric, so that these ribs are of a very permanent and substantial character. It will furthermore be seen that both ends of each loop, a, 2), after bending around the stuifer weft A or B, come close together and enter the central or body fabric s at the same point, and are drawn and held always close together or in contact, so that these loops or ribs with their stuffer wefts in the center, form what, for illustration, might be termed tubular bags on the face or back of the fabric.

It is understood that the above refers to the body of my fabric, for, as before eX- plained, small irregularities are inevitable at the edges of figures in all figured fabrics;

for instance at 9, Fig. 3, it will be noticed that the two ends of the loop, a, Z), do not enter the body fabric at exactly the same point; this irregularity would not be noticed in an actual piece of cloth for this irregular loop would be surrounded by regular loops. It would be possible, in this specific instance, by changing the cutting of the cards to make the ends of this loop enter the body fabric atthe same point, but other irregularities would be thereby introduced; there is, however, at 0, Fig. 1, an irregularity which could not be thus removed.

Fig. 1 shows the character of irregularity introduced when the figuring warp changes; Fig. 2 when the weft changes, and Fig. 3 when they both change.

The ribs of my improved fabric are not only more permanent than any of the same class heretofore known, but they are also of a soft and resilient character and well adapted for use in a carpet; yielding to the pressure of the foot and quickly recovering when the pressure is removed. This is caused by their construction as described, well out on the surface of the fabric, and also by the fact that the ribs on the face, when projected, come between the ribs on the back; in other words, the ribs are alternate. (By the face I mean either side, the back being the other.)

It is understood that the body fabric always maintains its position and integrity in use; and in order to make this sure, it is important in weaving that the body warp, 7", f, should be woven with considerable ten sion, so that in the finished cloth the body fabric shall. remain as straight as possible; for, on the last analysis, this is what really holds the whole fabric in shape, prevents the flattening down of the ribs, and gives it its character and resiliency.

In carpets or similar fabrics it is sometimes desirable that the body yarn be made of heavy jute, that it be heavily sized and woven damp, in the manner well known to weavers of Brussels carpets.

The body fabric may be woven with heddies, or the warp may be operated from the jacquard, the latter method allowing more freedom in color effects available. The figuring warp will, of course be operated by the jacquard.

The appearance of my fabric may be greatly varied without departing from the spirit of this invention: As it may be used for floor coverings, curtains, upholstery covers or any purpose for which a figured ribbed fabric is suitable, the quality and weights of all the various yarns may be varied, both absolutely and relatively, to suit the purpose for which it is to be used: The quantity of the figuring warp appearing on the surface may be varied from a full heavy warp entirely covering and concealing the stuft'er weft to a few threads merely serving to bind the stuffer weft to the cloth; in the former case, of course, the stuffer weft may be all of one neutral tint, and the body warp worked in heddles. All these various changes should however be well known to experienced weavers.

I claim A ribbed, reversible woven fabric, having ribs formed of stutter weft inclosed in figuring warp, the figuring warp on both sides of each thread of stutter weft passing between the same two threads of body weft; said body weft interwoven with a body warp, and a thread of figuring warp passing over said two threads of body weft and under said thread of stufi'er weft, substantially as shown and described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES E. KERR. Witnesses CLARENCE F. WELCI-I, JOHN DOLMAN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

Images