UA59556A - Solar station - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar station has base, frame, this interacts with the base, helio-collector with peripheral wall, with installed in layers in height glass, support roller, eccentric cam, this interacts with the support roller, branch pipes for supply and discharge of heat carrier, helio-collector hinged with the lower part to the frame with possibility to change with respect to it angle of inclination, drive for rotation of the frame with respect to the base and support wheels. The frame is made as a circle, with fixed in periphery at the edge endless chain, and the drive is electric, with output star interacting with the chain. Electric drive has direct, with large gear ratio, transmission for the helio-collector rotation by sun, and additional one, for rotation to the initial position; bypass transmission with gear ratio many times smaller than the gear ratio of the direct transmission. At the rotary frame there are additionally installed vertical shaft and axle with similar, interacting with each other, pinions. The frame is installed at the base with additionally equipped closed fixed guide.

Description

Description of the invention

The proposed invention relates to the field of using non-traditional renewable energy types and 2 in particular to the means of using solar energy both in industrial and domestic conditions when creating solar heat supply systems for objects with mainly large capacities.

The solar installation used in a household dryer is known to be the closest in essence (see copyright certificate of the USSR, Mo 1762855, 1992). The solar installation includes a base, a frame interacting with the base through a thrust bearing, the first spring-loaded timing mechanism for the daily rotation of the frame 70 degrees and following the sun in the horizontal plane is installed on the base, the solar collector is made in the form of a flat solar air heater with a peripheral fence, layer-by-layer installed glass, parallel to the height by a support roller attached to the fence, an eccentric cam on the shaft interacting with the support roller and rotating from the second spring timing mechanism for following the solar collector in the vertical plane, the inlet and outlet pipes of the coolant. The solar collector is hinged with the lower part 79 to the frame with the possibility of changing its inclination relative to it. The base is installed on the support surface with the help of self-installing support wheels and can move on it.

However, the disadvantage of a heli-installation with a known helio-collector is: - the complexity of the design caused by the presence of time spring mechanisms; - low power of receiving the energy of solar radiation due to the impossibility of technical implementation according to this scheme of solar collectors of large dimensions; - inconvenience in operation due to the absence of an adjustment mechanism and an indicator of the position of the solar collector plane perpendicular to the rays of solar radiation; - decrease in the efficiency of perception of the energy of solar radiation due to the impossibility of following the sun with the heliocollector in a vertical plane, taking into account the semiannual solstice; - the impossibility of returning the solar collector to its original position after the night, or for other reasons, stopping the "sun tracking system", which causes certain inconveniences when adjusting the solar collector by turning the entire installation on the support wheels; - limited area of use.

The impossibility of creating solar collectors for industrial purpose of large power with time ee, spring mechanisms of automatic orientation of them to the sun, reduces the efficiency of their perception of the falling U energy of the rays of solar radiation, as well as the efficiency of the entire solar heat supply system, which limits the scope of their use in the national economy. at

Therefore, the known solar installation has low efficiency and a limited area of use. Therefore, with the aim of increasing the efficiency of receiving the flow of incident solar radiation and expanding the area of use, an improvement of the solar installation is proposed, the essential features of which are that a round rotating frame with a peripherally fixed chain interacting with the star of the direct electric drive with such a gear ratio is selected , in which the frame makes one rotation per day, continuously following the sun, but in order not to return it to its original position (in the morning before sunrise) during the night period, the electric drive provides a bypass gear, which has a gear ratio that is many times smaller than in Z 70 direct transmission, ensuring the rotation of the frame in the opposite direction during direct rotation of the electric motor. c Switching from direct to bypass transmission from the design of the drive is provided with an overturning coupling of the connection

From" shafts.

The rotating frame is mounted on support wheels, which during its rotation roll along a closed fixed guide base of the foundation, to which the axis of the frame is immovably fixed with a gear that interacts with a gear of the same diameter on the vertical shaft installed on the frame, which provides when the frame is turned on the i-th one turn of the vertical shaft also make one turn. (se) On top of the frame on hinges, the lower part of large dimensions and mass is installed solar collector with the possibility of tilting, thanks to the hinges, at a certain angle to the sun, and inclined parallel to the solar collector and the shaft, connected through two hinges, with the possibility of rotating when crossing axes, with a vertical shaft of the frame, and with 20 also a bracket rigidly fixed with the lower part on the frame, which serves as a support for the inclined shaft and the solar collector. The upper part of the inclined shaft is hingedly connected to the upper part of the support bracket, which, in addition, also has a limiter for the possible rotation of the upper part of the solar collector in the opposite direction to the tilting one, which prevents a possible accident from its overturning. A specially profiled cam 25 with an indicator of the semiannual solstice angle and a scale with units of divisions in degrees of the inclination angle is installed in the middle part of the inclined shaft, with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft. in. As a result of the interaction of the cam with the support roller installed on the opposite side (screen) of the solar collector from the sun, its necessary inclination to the sun is ensured throughout the daylight hours. By manually turning the adjusting screw, the cam moves along the shaft, providing, depending on the half-year solstice, the angle of inclination of the solar heater, which corresponds to the maximum amount of energy from the solar radiation falling on it 60.

To ensure the installation of the heliocollector at the optimal angle of inclination in any tracking position, a shadow indicator is installed behind the sun on it to prevent the sun's rays from hitting its surface in the form of a round rod. At the same time, the optimal angle of inclination will be considered achieved in the case when, with the help of adjustment, the position of the solar collector, by turning the frame and shifting it along and around the 65 axis of the cam, a shadow in the form of a circle is formed on the surface of the screen from the rod.

Ensuring solar tracking of the solar collector at the optimal angle of its inclination in any period of the semi-annual and daily solstice will increase the efficiency of operation of the proposed solar installation and expand the scope of its use.

The task is solved by the fact that in the proposed solar installation, which includes a frame with a base, a solar collector, with a peripheral fence, layer-by-layer installed glass, a support roller, hydraulic lines for the supply and removal of the coolant, connected to the frame, the actual frame is made rotary in the form of a circle, with a peripherally fixed chain interacting with a sprocket, connected to an electric motor having a direct, for following the solar collector to the sun, a transmission with a gear ratio and an additional 7/0 bypass, for returning the solar collector to the initial position, a transmission, the transmission ratio of which is at least , many times less than the gear ratio of the direct gear, and the rotating frame has a vertical shaft with a gear, an axle with a gear interacting with the gear of the shaft, forming a gear with a gear ratio equal to unity, and is installed on a base with a closed fixed guide along which the support wheels move , connected through their axes and brackets from below th surface of the frame, on the upper /5 surface of which a solar collector with an indicator of the sun's rays hitting its surface is installed, a shaft and a bracket are tilted and placed parallel to the solar collector, while the lower part of the solar collector is connected to the frame by a hinge, with the ability to rotate around a horizontal axis, the lower part of the bracket is rigid, and the lower part of the inclined shaft through two hinges is connected to the vertical shaft of the frame, and the upper part of the inclined shaft is hingedly connected to the upper part of the support bracket, which has a limiter of rotation of the upper part of the solar collector in the opposite direction from the screen, and the middle part of the inclined shaft is equipped with a specially profiled cam, with an adjusting screw, an indicator of the value of the semiannual solstice and a scale graduated in degrees of the angle of inclination, with the ability to move along the axis of the shaft, which interacts with the support roller installed on the solar collector with its peripheral surface.

Such a technical solution allows the solar collector to continuously and automatically follow the sun, ensuring its optimal angle of inclination in any period of the semi-annual and daily solstice, quickly and accurately adjust the solar collector to the optimal angle of inclination in any position of the solstice, quickly and accurately turn the solar collector in any of its positions, to drive the sun tracking system from one electric motor, which will increase the efficiency of the proposed solar installation and expand its area of use.

The presented drawing shows the basic scheme of the proposed solar installation, where Fig. 1. o shows the front view of the solar installation, and Fig. 2 shows the top view. yu

The proposed solar installation consists of a rotating frame 1, in the form of a circle, at the point of the peripheral part of which a closed chain 2 interacting with a sprocket 3 is rigidly fixed. is in permanent engagement with the leading bevel gear 7 fixed on the input shaft 8 of the bevel gear 5.

Shaft 8 through the second locking clutch 9 is connected to the output shaft 10 of the three-stage gearbox 11, the output shaft 12 of which through the first locking clutch 13 is connected to the output shaft 14 of the worm gear 15, the input shaft 16 of which through the elastic coupling 17 is connected to electric motor 18. Electric motor 18, clutch 17, shaft 16, worm gear 15, shaft 14, first locking clutch 13, shaft 12, three-stage gear 11, shaft 10, second locking clutch 9, shaft 8, bevel gear 5 and the chain transmission form a direct transmission of the electric drive with a common gear ratio that ensures the turning frame 1 to be carried out in a day;" one revolution, returning with the course of the sun.

For convenience, time saving and quick return to the original position of the rotary frame, without making its full rotation during the night period, for example, to ensure uninterrupted operation of the solar installation or in case of forced returns from any of its positions, a bypass gear is provided.

It consists of a chain transmission with a leading star 19 mounted on a shaft 14, a chain 20 and a driven star 21 mounted on a shaft 8. At the same time, the bypass gear is turned on and the sprockets 19, 21 are engaged with the shafts 14, 8, respectively, through the locking clutches 13, 9 are blocked by plate 22. Plate 22 is connected to clutches 13, 9 and to the lever 23 for their simultaneous inclusion and exclusion. The gear ratio of the bypass gear is many times smaller than the gear ratio of the direct gear, which is ensured by y

Ф the return of the rotating frame to the initial position is as much faster.

The frame 1, with the possibility of rotation, is mounted on an axis 24 with a gear 25, and rigidly fixed on a base 26. A shaft 27 with a gear 28, the same diameter as the gear 25, is installed on the frame 1, which provides them with a gear ratio equal to unity. Brackets 29 are attached to the lower surface of frame 1, on the axes 30 of which support wheels 31 are installed, which roll along a closed fixed guide 32. From above on frame 1 on

P hinges Z3Z are fixed by the lower part, with the possibility of turning around the horizontal axis, the solar collector 34, with the help of two hinges 33 to the vertical shaft 27 with the lower part, inclined parallel to the solar collector, the shaft 36 and the support bracket 37. The solar collector 34 consists of a housing 38 with thermal insulation, the surface of the solar receiver 39, pipeline 40 of the heat carrier and layers of glass 41 arranged in tiers along the height of the body 38. The supply of the heat carrier to the solar collector and its removal is carried out, respectively, through the inlet 42 and outlet 43 of the hydraulic lines. In the middle part of the solar collector, a support roller 44 is attached to its housing 38, and in the lower part of the solar collector on the housing 38, a bracket 45 of an indicator 46 of the shadow from the sun's rays hitting the b5 surface of the glass is installed.

The upper part of the inclined shaft 36 is connected by a hinge 47 to the upper part of the support bracket 37, on which the limiter of the maximum permissible inclination of the upper part of the solar collector 37 towards the screen is installed.

The middle part of the inclined shaft 36 is equipped with a specially profiled, with the possibility of movement along the shaft, a cam 48 and, rigidly fixed on the shaft, a bracket 49 with an adjusting screw 50 with a Vukoyatka 51 and an indicator 52 of the angle of the semiannual solstice with a scale 53 graduated in degrees of the angle of inclination.

The cam 48 with its peripheral surface interacts with the support roller 44 of the solar collector 34.

Let us consider the processes of heating the coolant in the solar collector, adjusting the solar installation for the direct impact of the flow of solar radiation on the screen of the solar collector behind the sun, which ensures the maximum absorption of solar radiation energy, and returning the solar collector to its initial position. 70 The process of heating the coolant takes place due to solar energy that falls on the solar collector 34, is absorbed by the surface of the solar heater 39 and is then transferred to water that circulates through a large number of coils of the pipeline 40 of the solar collector. The supply of cold water to the solar collector is carried out under the pressure of a working pump through the inlet hydraulic line 42, and the heated water is removed from the solar collector 34 to the consumer through the outlet hydraulic line 43.

To ensure the maximum absorption of solar radiation energy, it is necessary that during the entire daylight hours the screen of the heliocollector is directly exposed to the rays of solar radiation. This is possible in the case of the initial (morning) setting of the solar installation for direct sunlight on the solar collector screen and subsequent automatic guidance of the solar collector following the sun until the end of the day.

Adjusting the solar installation for the direct impact of the flow of solar rays on the screen of the solar collector 2o Perform as follows. Depending on the season, the handle 51, guided by the scale 53, moves the specially profiled cam 48 along the inclined shaft 36 to the position that corresponds to the semiannual solstice at the present time. In this position, the cam is fixed. After that, the indicator 46 of the shadow from the sun's rays falling on it is installed and fixed above the screen of the solar collector 34, and the clutches 9, 13 and the bypass transmission of the electric drive of the rotary frame 1 are turned on with the lever 23 through the blocking bar 22. Next, the electric motor 18 is turned on and the indicator 46 is carefully monitored. As the heliocollector 34 moves to the position where a shadow from the circular indicator 46 appears on its screen in the form of a circle, the electric motor 18 is immediately stopped, the bypass is turned off with the lever 23, and then the direct transmission and the electric motor 18 are turned off.

The electric motor 18 through the elastic coupling 17, the worm gear 15, the first locking clutch 13, the three-stage gear 11, the second locking clutch 9, the bevel gear 5 and the drive star Z will rotate the rotating frame 1 with a frequency of one revolution per day. At the same time, together with the frame 1, the lower part of the solar collector 34 will turn behind the sun, and its upper part, in addition, interacting through the support roller 44 with a specially profiled cam 48, will also tilt towards the sun, thereby ensuring a continuous direct hit on the screen of the solar collector 34 rays from the sun, which rises in the morning, and in the afternoon, when the sun sets, the cam 48 will raise the screen of the solar collector 34 through the support roller 44. Thus, during the entire daylight for any during which period of the year the solar installation ensures that the screen of the solar collector 34 follows the course of the sun and thus contributes to the maximum absorption of the energy of the solar radiation rays.

After the end of daylight, the solar installation must be stopped and the next day, depending on the start of working hours, return frame 1 to its original position. For this, the handle 51, guided by the scale "53, moves the specially profiled cam 48 along the inclined shaft 36 to the position that corresponds to the semiannual solstice at the present time and fixes the cam. The indicator 46 is installed and fixed above the solar collector screen 34, and the bypass transmission of the electric drive of the rotary frame 1 is turned off with the lever 23. ;" The electric motor 18 is turned on, and as the solar collector 34 moves to the position where a shadow from the circular pointer 46 appears on its screen in the form of a circle, the electric motor 18 is stopped and the bypass is first turned off with the lever 23, and then the direct transmission and the electric motor 18 are turned off, thereby ensuring the start of the solar installation at the beginning of the next day.

The simplicity of the design of the proposed solar installation, the low-speed movement of moving parts, makes it possible to involve in the design already in operation, but still functional nodes and mechanisms (sprockets, chains, couplings, etc.), which will slightly reduce the cost and contribute to its faster introduction into production.

The use of the proposed solar installation, in comparison with the already known ones, will enable: o a) the solar collector to continuously and automatically follow the sun, to ensure the optimal angle of inclination

Ф of its screen and the direct impact of the sun's rays on it, and therefore its maximum absorption of the energy of solar radiation, in any period of the semi-annual or daily solstice; 1) thanks to the bypass transmission, quickly and accurately adjust the solar collector to the optimal angle of inclination of its screen in any period of the semiannual or daily solstice, which saves time and creates certain conveniences in work;

P 2) quickly and accurately install the heliocollector in any position during the semiannual solstices, using manual adjustment mechanisms, which ensures the achievement of the optimal angle of inclination of the screen;

C) to drive the system of automatic tracking of the sun from one electric motor, because with the help of gear transmission of the axis and the vertical shaft of the rotating frame with a gear ratio equal to unity, and as a result, removing the additional electric motor that was needed to drive the cam shaft; 4) thanks to the indicator of the shadow of falling sunlight, quickly and accurately identify the optimal position of the screen and timely activate the electric drive, which significantly saves time when setting up the solar installation and provides certain conveniences during its operation; 5) limit the inclination of the solar collector in the direction opposite to its working inclination, by installing a limiter, in order to prevent possible accidents and accidents associated with material damage and injury to the workers of the solar installation; 6) to simplify the design due to the removal necessary to create a large transmission

Relation, mechanical units of the electric drive, and instead of them use a sprocket chain transmission - a chain of a rotary frame, which will reduce the material capacity and cost of the solar installation; 7) to simplify the design of the drive due to the use of one coupling locking lever, for turning on and off the bypass gear, which will also reduce the material consumption and cost of the solar installation; 8) to expand the area of use of the solar installation, which in general will give the national economy a certain 70 economic effect.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention Helioinstallation containing a base, a frame interacting with the base, a solar collector with a peripheral fence, layer-by-layer height-mounted glass, a support roller, an eccentric cam interacting with the support roller, coolant inlet and outlet nozzles, hinged at the bottom with the frame with the ability to change the angle of inclination relative to it, a drive for rotating the frame relative to the base and supporting wheels, which is distinguished by the fact that the frame is made in the form of a circle, with an endless chain peripherally attached to the end, and the drive is electric with an output sprocket interacting with the chain, with this electric drive has a direct, with a large gear ratio, a gear for rotating the solar collector following the sun and an additional reverse, for rotating the solar collector to the initial position, a bypass gear, the gear ratio of which is many times smaller than the gear ratio of the direct gear, and a vertical shaft is additionally installed on the rotary frame and everything is the same we, interacting with each other, about gears, and the frame is installed on a base with an additionally equipped closed fixed guide, along which support wheels move, connected through axles and brackets to the lower surface of the frame, on the upper surface of which a solar collector is installed, with an additional by the index of its shadow from the sun's rays hitting its surface, a shaft inclined and placed parallel to the solar collector and a vertical support bracket, while the lower part of the solar collector is connected to the frame through the axis of the bracket - rigidly, and the inclined shaft "so zo" through two hinges - to the vertical shaft, the upper part of which is hingedly connected to the upper part of the support bracket with the limiter of the maximum permissible tilt of the top part of the solar collector in the direction M of the screen, and on the middle part of the inclined shaft there is an eccentric cam with the possibility of movement along the shaft and a rigidly fixed bracket with an adjustable screw and handle, half-yearly solstice angle indicator and sh scarlet graduated in degrees, and one end of the adjustable screw and the scale on the cam b" are fixed, the opposite end of the adjustable screw is connected to the support bracket with a threaded connection, and the end of the scale is free. - . and? 1 se) 1 1 4) 60 b5