UA110509C2 - Modular construction and design elements of this modular design is made of composite materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Vinakhid should be arranged to constructive elements, made with composite material, to include a body of composite material, to protect one type of fiber and one type of resin; I accept one single part, a vicon for one with a case, for securing one with the most constructive element with such characteristics. Vinakhid also belonged to a modular construction type buinkinov (10), zbudovanih from such structural elements.

Description

The field of technology

The invention relates to structural elements made of composite material and to modular constructions made using such structural elements.

Technical level

In the construction industry, structures based on concrete and steel are widely used, and the insulation of structures built in this way is carried out with the help of polymer materials or foam. In addition, decorative panels made of the specified materials are placed on such structures.

At the same time, in the construction industry, where competition is growing, efforts are being made to improve methods of faster and cheaper construction for construction without compromising the strength of structures. In particular, fast and low-cost structural solutions are very important in areas where poor people live and in areas prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods.

Replacing uninhabitable or disaster-damaged structures with new ones using industry-leading concrete and steel construction techniques is time-consuming and costly. In addition, the construction of new structures takes a very long time, and during this time the victims suffer. In particular, in the case of a major natural disaster, as a rule, only a small number of victims can be provided with new housing.

For these and some other reasons, there is a need in the construction industry for structural elements made not of concrete or steel, but of alternative materials that form the load-bearing element of a building, and for structures that can be rapidly constructed from such structural elements.

Prefab houses that are used today, and which are used in particular temporarily, are not quite fit for purpose. In prefabricated structures, metal elements of a box profile are used to provide stability, in addition, the manufacture of a prefabricated structure is not practical and fast enough.

Structural elements made of composite materials partially solve these problems.

For example, in patent application О52003170445, a composite material is described, which includes

From the cenosphere of silicon oxide and resin. This composite material can be used to make structural units used in modular buildings. However, the structural elements described in this application do not solve the problem of manufacturing the load-bearing elements of the building. In addition, additional metal connecting parts are required for the interconnection of these structural elements.

Patent application 56412243 describes an ultralight modular prefab building system covered with foam. This system includes layers of rigid and foamed matrix material and thanks to this, it is possible to create a combined structure capable of supporting a weight three hundred times greater than its own weight. The edges of this rigid material can be configured in such a way that they can be fastened to adjacent building elements without the use of a tool. Inexpensive structural elements whose volume contains mainly air can be formed from the final composite. Since this system is obtained by layering foam on supporting elements that have the form of plastic tubes, due to the low strength of the foam, such a system cannot provide the specified resistance against instantaneous force, shear force and pressure force; in addition, the cost of this system is not as low as we would like. Moreover, since such a structural element is made of two different materials with different chemical and physical properties, the strength of a structure made of such structural elements will be low due to shifts caused by different coefficients of expansion of different materials. On the other hand, for the above reasons, it is obvious that such a structural element cannot be used in load-bearing elements of the building, such as columns. | finally, patent application 56412243 does not describe how to build the entire structure from such structural elements.

Brief description of the invention

The task of the invention is the quick and inexpensive construction of structures such as houses by using the same type of structural elements from composite material.

Another object of the invention is to create composite structural elements that can be connected to each other without the use of additional connecting parts or connecting devices and thanks to which it is possible to build practically rigid structures.

Another object of the invention is to create composite structural elements that are as strong as steel, but much lighter than steel, that can be manufactured much more cheaply and that can also be used in the manufacture of load-bearing elements of a building, such as columns.

Another object of the invention is to create composite structural elements that can be made from one composite material, and the connecting parts are also made from the same composite material.

In order to achieve all the above-mentioned objects and the objects that will become clear from the following detailed description, the invention provides a structural element made of a composite material and which is characterized in that it includes a body made of a composite material with at least one type of fiber and at least one type of resin; and at least one connecting part, made integral with the body, for connection with another structural element with the same characteristics.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, said housing has at least one opening extending at least partially along the height of the housing.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, as a connecting part, the structural element contains at least one connecting notch on its surface facing another structural element located horizontally next to it.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, at least some part of the connecting recess has a cross-section that expands in the direction from the outside to the inside.

In another better version of the invention, at least one connecting part is additionally provided, which is not part of the structural element, but is made of the same composite material and whose cross-section corresponds to the connecting socket defined by the connecting recesses of two structural elements located on the sides shoulder

In another preferred embodiment, as a connecting part, the structural element contains at least one connecting projection on its surface facing another structural element located on its body.

In yet another best version of the invention, as a connecting part, at least one connecting socket is provided, made in the base of the body of the structural element, which corresponds to the connecting protrusion of the structural element placed on it.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, there is at least one part for joining the wall on the body of the structural element, which has a number of connecting protrusions located side by side in such a way that there is a certain space between them; and in some cases a series of connecting sockets which

Zo correspond to the connecting protrusions of another structural element on the basis of the case.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the structural element includes a part for connecting the column, which has a connecting protrusion made at a height greater than the height at which the connecting protrusions are made in the part for connecting the wall, and which protrudes upward from the body of the structural element

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting protrusions have a cross-section that defines an opening that runs vertically along the height of the structural element.

In yet another best version of the invention, at least one insert is provided for partially closing the space that remains between the connecting protrusions.

In another best version of the invention, at least one slot is made on the base of the case, in which the mentioned insert of the corresponding structural element, on which it is installed, is placed.

In the next best version of the invention, a box body is provided, in which there is at least one compartment defined by the mentioned holes.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, as a connecting part, the proposed structural element includes two walls of the socket, protruding outward from at least one side surface of the body of the structural element; and at least one mounting socket, defined by said walls of the socket and which has dimensions that allow the housing of a horizontally adjacent structural element to be placed therein.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one fastening groove is made on at least one of the walls of the mounting socket.

In yet another best variant of the invention, at least one connecting bar corresponding to the mentioned fastening groove is made on at least one side surface of the structural element.

In the next best variant of the invention, at least one connecting channel and/or connecting bar is used as a connecting part, performed on at least one surface of the structural element facing another structural element located horizontally next to it.

In another best version of the invention, to provide strength, the structural element is made of a composite material that includes at least one type of fiber in the amount of 25- or 33-90; at least one type of mineral powder as a filler in the amount of 40-50 95; at least one type of resin in the amount of 20-25 95 as a binding agent between the fiber and the filler; and at least one chemical admixture in the amount of 5-8 Fo.

In another better version of the invention, to obtain a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 51 50 and higher, the resin of complex vinyl ethers is used as a resin, and carbon fiber is used as a fiber.

In another better version of the invention, to obtain a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 5 33 - 51 42, orthophthalic resin was used as a resin and glass fiber was used as a fiber.

In the next best version of the invention, to obtain a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 51 42 - 51 50, isophthalic resin is used as a resin and aramid fiber is used as a fiber.

In yet another best version of the invention, as a filler, the proposed structural element includes at least one type of mineral powder selected from the group of minerals consisting of silicon dioxide, barite, talc and calcite.

In another preferred version of the invention, as a chemical admixture, the proposed structural element includes at least one chemical product that increases abrasion resistance, fire resistance, and increases water absorption; and in addition, in some cases, the proposed construction includes a given amount of thermoplastic material to improve the appearance.

In yet another best variant of the invention, the subject of the invention is a structure made of the above-mentioned structural elements. This structure in the best version can be a house, a bridge, a beam, a tower or an exhibition space.

The subject of the invention is a prefab modular structure built by connecting structural elements, all of which are made of a composite material containing at least one type of fiber and at least one type of resin, and this modular structure is characterized by including: at least two floor slabs, each of which includes at least one connecting notch on at least one side and which are located relative to each other in such a way that the connecting notch of one plate corresponds to the connecting notch of the other plate, resulting in

The connecting socket is determined by; and a connecting part placed in said connecting socket; at least two connecting elements for the wall, which are mounted on a floor formed by said two floor slabs, and which include a housing with at least one opening, at least one connecting projection projecting upwardly from the housing, and at least one connecting recess , made on at least one side surface of the body and which, accordingly, are located next to each other to form a connecting slot, and one of them corresponds to the connecting recess of the other side surface; and a connecting part placed in said connecting socket; at least one wall unit which has a housing with at least one opening and which has at least one connection socket formed on the bottom of the housing and a connection projection projecting upwards from the housing and which is placed on the wall connection element in such a way that the connecting protrusion enters the connecting socket.

In another preferred embodiment of the proposed modular structure, the connecting element for the wall includes at least one part for joining the wall having a number of connecting protrusions located side by side in such a way that there is a certain space between them.

In the next best version of the invention, this connecting element for the wall includes at least two parts for joining the wall, located at a certain angle relative to each other.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the mentioned parts for connecting the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define an I-shaped or T-shaped connecting element for the wall.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, said wall unit includes at least one wall attachment portion having a number of connecting protrusions located side by side in such a way that there is a certain space between them.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall unit includes at least two parts for joining the wall, located at a certain angle relative to each other.

In the next best version of the invention, the parts for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define an I-shaped or T-shaped wall block.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the wall block includes at least one connecting gutter and/or connecting bar, performed on at least one side surface of the wall block facing another wall block located horizontally next to it.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a housing placed on a floor formed from two floor slabs is provided, which has at least one opening; at least one connecting protrusion protruding vertically from the housing; a protrusion for joining the column, which protrudes vertically from the body and the height of which is greater than the mentioned connecting protrusion; at least one connecting element for the column, having at least one connecting recess made on at least one side surface of the body and which is located in such a way that it corresponds to the connecting recesses of the connecting element for the wall and defines the connecting slot; and a connecting part placed in said connecting socket.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting element for the column includes at least one part for joining the wall, having a number of connecting protrusions located side by side in such a way that there is a certain space between them.

In the next best version of the invention, the connecting element for the column includes at least two parts for joining the wall, located at a certain angle relative to each other.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the parts for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define an I-shaped or T-shaped connecting element for the column.

In yet another best variant of the invention, a housing is provided, which is placed on the connecting element for the column and which is connected to the wall blocks at least on one side and which accordingly has at least one opening; at least one connecting protrusion protruding vertically from the housing; at least one connecting socket made on the lower part of the case, which includes the connecting protrusion of the wall unit; two nest walls projecting outward from at least one side surface of the housing; and at least one corner column defined by the walls of the socket, which includes at least one mounting socket in which at least some part of the body of the wall unit is placed.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one fastening groove is made on at least one of the walls of the mounting socket.

In another better version of the invention, at least one connecting bar is made on at least one side surface of the body of the wall unit, which is included in the mentioned fastening channel.

In the next best version of the invention, a case is provided, on the lower part of which at least one connecting socket is made; and at least one upper wall unit with at least one connecting recess formed on at least one side surface of the housing and which is accordingly positioned to connect at least two adjacent wall units to each other or to connect an adjacent wall unit and an adjacent corner column with each other on top and which is located in such a way that the corresponding connecting protrusions enter the connecting socket.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper wall unit includes at least two parts for joining the wall, located at a certain angle relative to each other.

In yet another preferred version of the invention, the parts for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define the upper wall block of an I-shaped or T-shaped shape.

In another better version of the invention, the upper wall unit includes a mounting socket, into which the housing of another structural element will be inserted from above.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a connecting element for the eaves is provided, placed in the mounting socket in such a way as to pass perpendicularly to the direction of the location of the corresponding upper wall unit, and which has an upper socket passing at an angle in this direction, and a lower socket passing almost horizontally to the ground.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, roof profiles are provided, having a connecting projection and a connecting socket, in which the connecting projection of another roof profile can be inserted, and which are respectively engaged with each other in such a way as to form the rafters of the house, while this end of the roof profiles, which are at a lower level, enter the upper and lower sockets, respectively.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, additional roof profiles are provided, having a connecting projection and a connecting socket, in which the connecting projection of another roof profile can be inserted, and which are respectively engaged with each other in such a way as to form longitudinal stiffening elements the roof of the house, and which in certain places intersect with the roof profiles of the rafter trusses.

In another best version of the invention, at least one channel is provided, which has a connecting section with a cross-section in the form of an inverted letter O, placed on the upper wall blocks; part of the eaves, which after installation runs almost parallel to the ground on the continuation of the mentioned connecting section, and which has a drain.

In the next best variant of the invention, in areas where the roof profiles forming the rafter trusses and the longitudinal elements of the roof stiffness intersect with each other, at least one element is provided for connection to the roof with a support part having a mounting socket, which will support the roof profiles from below.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a roofing sheet is provided with a connecting part that is connected to another roofing sheet as a connecting part and which is superimposed on the rafters and the longitudinal elements of the roof stiffness defined by the roof profiles.

In yet another better version of the invention, a cover plate is provided, which has a mounting socket and which is placed on wall blocks (bba, 600, boss, boye, 60th) or on upper wall blocks at given points.

In the next best version of the invention, all structural elements are made of a composite material that includes at least one type of fiber in the amount of 25-33 96 to provide strength; at least one type of mineral powder in the amount of 40-50 95 as a filler; at least one type of resin in the amount of 20-25 95 as a binding agent between the fiber and the filler; and at least one chemical admixture in the amount of 5-8 9o.

In another better version of the invention, to obtain a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 51 50 and higher, the resin of complex vinyl ethers is used as a resin, and carbon fiber is used as a fiber.

In another better version of the invention, to obtain a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 5 33 - 51 42, orthophthalic resin was used as a resin and glass fiber was used as a fiber.

In the next best version of the invention for obtaining material with mechanical

According to the properties of steels of type 51 42 - 51 50, isophthalic resin was used as resin and aramid fiber was used as fiber.

In yet another best version of the invention, as a filler, the proposed structural element includes at least one type of mineral powder selected from the group of minerals consisting of silicon dioxide, barite, talc and calcite.

In another preferred version of the invention, as a chemical admixture, the proposed structural element includes at least one chemical product that increases abrasion resistance, fire resistance, and increases water absorption; and in addition, in some cases, the proposed structural element includes a given amount of thermoplastic material to improve the appearance.

A brief description of the drawings

Fig. And - a representative image of the house assembled from the proposed structural elements.

Fig. 16-19 is a representative image of the stages of construction of the house from Fig. And with the use of the proposed structural elements.

Fig. 2a - perspective view of the proposed floor slab.

Fig. 265 - image of the connection of two floor slabs.

Fig. За, ЗБ and Зс - a perspective view of the proposed connecting element for the column.

Fig. Za, Ze, Zi and 3d - perspective images of the proposed connecting elements for the walls.

Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c - images of proposed corner columns.

Fig. Bba-5yi - image of proposed wall blocks.

Fig. ba-ba - image of the proposed upper wall blocks.

Fig. 7a and 765 - images of the proposed cover overlays.

Fig. va - image of the proposed roofing sheet.

Fig. 865 - an image of the proposed channel.

Fig. For and 965 - an image of the proposed roof profile.

Fig. 10a and 1065 - images of the proposed elements for connection with the roof.

Fig. 10c - an image of the proposed connecting element for the eaves. because Numerical designations

10 Building 11 Floor 12 Columns 13 Walls 131 Roof retaining wall 14 Door opening 15 Window opening 16 Rafter truss 17 Longitudinal roof stiffener 18 Anchor element 19 Connecting cable 20 Floor slab 21 Edge 211 Connecting notch 212 Connecting part 213 Connecting socket 30 Connecting element for the wall

Zba Connecting element for the wall

ZO Connecting element for the wall

З0с Connecting element for the wall

З0a Connecting element for the wall 31 Body 32 Part for connecting to the wall 321 Connecting protrusion 322 Hole 323 Anchor part 33 Connecting notch

ZZa Connecting notch

C3b Connecting recess

Ko) ЗЗс Connecting notch 34 Connecting socket 40 Connecting element for column 40a Connecting element for column 406 Connecting element for column 41 Body 42 Part for connecting the wall 42a Part for connecting the wall 42p Part for connecting the wall 42s Wall attachment part 421 Connecting protrusion 422 Hole 423 Anchor part 43 Connecting recess 4Za Connecting recess 436 Connecting recess 43c Connecting recess 44 Connecting part 45 Column attachment part 451 Connecting protrusion 452 Opening 50 Corner column 5ba Corner column 506 Corner column 51 Body 511 Side surface 52 Part for joining the wall

Бга Part for joining the wall 52р Part for joining the wall

B2c Part for joining the wall 60 521 Mounting socket

522 Nest wall 523 Fixing groove 53 Connecting protrusion 54 Hole 60 Wall block bba Wall block 606 Wall block boss Wall block ba Wall block bOee Wall block 60 Wall block 61 Housing 611 Wall connecting channel 612 Wall connecting bar 613 Z Connecting bar 614 Compartment wall 615 Insert 616 Slot for insertion 62 Part for joining the wall 621 Connecting protrusion 622 Hole 623 Connecting slot 70 Upper wall unit 7Oa Upper wall unit 705 Upper wall unit 7O0s Upper wall unit 71 Housing 72 Part for wall connection 7g2a Part for wall connection 72p Part for wall connection 72c Part for wall connection 73 Connecting notch 7Za Connecting notch 730 Connecting notch 7Zs Connecting notch 74 Connecting part 75 Mounting socket 751 Fixing channel 80 Corner profile 81 Body 82 Connecting protrusion 83 Connecting socket 90 Element for connection with the roof 90a Element for connection with the roof 906 Element t for connection to the roof 91 Supporting part 92 Mounting socket 93 Inclined part 100 Connecting element for eaves 101 Body 102 Upper socket 103 Intermediate space 104 Lower socket 105 Connecting hook 110 Cover plate 11ba Cover plate 1106 Cover plate 111 Mounting nest 112 Inclined part of bo 120 Roofing sheet

121 Rafter part 122 Connecting part 123 Mounting holes 130 Gutter 131 Connecting part 132 Eaves part 133 Gutter 140 Support

Detailed description of the invention

In this detailed description, the subject matter of the invention is explained by non-limiting examples, given only for better understanding. Accordingly, the application of the subject of the invention for the construction of a one-story house is described. However, with the help of the proposed structural elements, it is also possible to build various structures such as high-rise buildings, overpasses, bridges, lampposts, windmill supports, towers or risers.

In fig. and shows a proposed house (10) which includes: a floor (11) which is laid on the ground; columns (12), installed on the floor (11); walls (13) passing between columns (12); a ceiling (not shown in the drawing), which is mounted on the end part of the walls (13), and a roof installed above the ceiling. Door and window openings (14, 15) are also made in the walls (13). Such a house (10) can be made in the form of a children's constructor block without the use of a connecting part (212, 44) of the screw type or with the use of a very small number of connecting parts (212, 44) in some areas, thanks to the structural elements with the performed on them as a whole with connecting parts, which will be discussed in more detail later; at the same time, the house (10) built in this way can have a significant resistance to shear forces, pressure forces and bending forces, which are subjected to such houses as the house (10), due to the special shape of the structural elements and due to the connecting parts. To simplify fig. But it shows that only one wall and the columns (12) connected to this wall have the corresponding structural elements. In a real application, all the columns, external and internal walls (13) of the building (10) shown in fig. and formed from the proposed structural elements.

Z The floor (11) of the modular house (10) is assembled by connecting the floor plates (20) in the form of panels. As shown in fig. 2a, the floor slabs (20) preferably have the shape of a rectangular panel, each edge (21) of which has one connecting recess (211) or a larger number of such connecting recesses. The connecting recesses (211) have a section that expands in the direction from the outside to the inside. For example, in this preferred embodiment, the connecting recesses (211) have a trapezoidal cross-section, the short edges of which are facing outwards, and this shape is similar to the shape of a wedge, as it is called in related fields of technology. In this version of the invention, the upper surface of the connecting grooves (211) is open, and in other versions, the lower surface can be made open.

Accordingly, as shown in fig. 20, during installation, the floor slabs (20) are placed so that the connecting grooves (211) correspond to each other, and later in the connecting socket (213) defined by the two connecting grooves (211), the top will be a connecting part (212) is inserted, having a geometry that will fill the shape of the connecting socket (213) and which has a shape similar to wedge-shaped elements. Therefore, without the use of any connecting part (212) such as a screw or nail, a tight connection is formed between the floor plates (20), which will prevent the floor plates (20) from shifting in the horizontal plane. In this preferred version of the invention, the proposed floor slabs (20) have dimensions of 200 x 75 cm.

The shapes of the specified connecting recesses and connecting parts (211, 212) can be changed, provided that a rigid connection is mainly ensured. For example, in another embodiment, one floor slab may be provided with a connecting piece that fits into another piece, and an adjacent floor slab may be provided with a connecting piece that spans the other piece, and the two floor slabs may be fastened together by alone without using an additional connecting part. However, in this case, it will be necessary to manufacture two different forms of panels, which increases the cost. On the other hand, in addition to the shape of the slab panel (20), the floors can have another suitable shape.

After laying the floor (11) on the ground in the given place in the manner described above, in certain places on the floor slabs (20) in accordance with the design layout, connecting elements (40a, 405) for the columns are installed, which will connect the columns (12) to the floor (11). As shown in fig. For and ZO, in this invention, two different types of connecting elements (40a, 4005) are used for columns, which are made according to the shape of the corner column (50ba, 505), which must be installed on them. For example, in this preferred version of the invention, the used connecting elements (40a, 400) for the columns have dimensions of 30x30 cm and 30x50 cm in width and length, respectively.

In detail, shown in fig. For the connecting element (404) for the column includes |I-shaped body (41); two parts (42a, 420) for connecting the walls, provided on the shoulders of the body (41) and on which the corresponding parts of the wall blocks (60) will be installed, from which the walls (13) will be formed; and a part (45) for connecting the column, placed in the corner part of the case (41) and on which the corner column (50a) will be installed. In fig. 3c, which depicts a plan view, the housing (41) is shown in a complete form, which provides considerable strength. The parts (42a, 426) for connecting the walls pass horizontally in the form of two shoulders on two sides of the body (41) in such a way that an angle of 90" is formed between them, which defines the I-shaped shape. In the best version, on each horizontal extension, each part (42a, 420) for connecting the wall has at least two connecting projections (421) projecting vertically. The connecting projections (421) formed by cutting in the respective parts of the housing (41) have the shape of a hollow box that defines an opening (422).

In the best version, inside the connecting protrusions (421), adjacent to the body (41), an anchor part (423) is made, which has the form of a closed surface. Anchor elements (not shown in the drawing) are attached to these anchor parts (423), which pass through holes drilled in the floor (11) and enter the ground, therefore, the zones in the anchor part (423), except for the drilled zone, actually cover the anchor element and give such a connection greater stability. On the front surface of the outwardly facing connecting protrusions (421), facing the adjacent connecting element (30) for the wall, one connecting notch (43a, 435) is made, the cross-section of which expands from the outside to the inside and the shape of which is similar forms of recesses in the slabs (20) of the floor. The connecting recesses (4Za, 435) pass along the lower part of the body (41) and along the corresponding connecting protrusion (421), so that in the best version there is a step between them. Thus, if desired, it is also possible to make a tighter connection using two separate connecting parts (212, 44) corresponding to the parts of the connecting recesses (43) on the body (41) and on the connecting projection ( 421), or using one connecting piece (212, 44) having a height that runs along these two pieces.

On the other hand, the connecting elements (40a, 400) for the columns also include a part (45) for connecting the column with at least one connecting projection (451) protruding vertically from the middle part of the body (41) and on which are placed angle columns (50a, 50b), which will be described in detail later, to provide sufficient resistance against shear and pressure forces, while the connecting protrusion (451) has a greater height than the connecting protrusions (421) relative to the wall blocks ( 60), but the connecting protrusion (451) has the same square cross-section. In fig. 305 shows a connecting element (405) for a column, which has a T-shaped body (41) and has three parts (42a, 420, 42c) for joining the walls provided on the body (41).

Similarly, the additional part (42c) for joining the wall has connecting protrusions (421) and a connecting recess (43c), the section of which expands in the direction from the outside to the inside. In other variants of this invention, the shape of the connecting protrusions (421, 451) and connecting grooves (4Za, 4365, 43c) of the connecting elements (40a, 405) for the columns can be different, provided that the screwless connection will provide the necessary density.

After the connecting elements (40a, 400) for the columns are placed on the floor (11) in a given order, the connecting elements (Zba, ZOB) for the walls are placed between them, which carry the wall blocks (60) that form the walls (13), which pass between the columns (12). In this best version of the invention, two different connecting elements (Zba,

ZO) for walls, and these connecting elements have a box body (31) with compartments and dimensions of 10x80 cm and 10x20 cm in width and length, respectively. In more detail, as shown in fig. For and

Z, connecting elements (Zba, Z0OB) for walls, which can be of different sizes if desired, include a part (32) for joining the wall, and this part runs in a straight line and has a number of connecting protrusions (321) of box shape with open base and top and which are similarly adapted to the parts (42a, 420, 42c) for joining the walls in the connecting elements (40a, 40B0) for the columns; at the same time, the connecting elements (Zba, Z0OB) for the walls also have a body (31), mainly integral, which passes under the part (32) for joining the wall. In a preferred embodiment, anchor parts (323, 423) are provided in some connecting projections (321) of long connecting elements (ZBA, ZOB) for walls to ensure a strong connection with the ground, which have the appearance of a closed surface to which it is attached anchor element. On the other hand, on the frontal side surface (511) of the connecting protrusions (321) at both ends, one connecting notch (ZZa, 330) is made with a cross-section expanding in the direction from the outside 60 to the inside. Accordingly, as, for example, shown in fig. 16 and 14, a connecting element is required

(Zba) for the wall and the connecting element (400) for the column are placed on the floor (11) in such a way that the connecting recesses (33, 43) correspond to each other. A connecting part (44) corresponding to the shape of the connecting socket (34) and which is best used in wedge connections is placed in the connecting socket (34) defined by the connecting recesses (33, 43). Therefore, without the use of any metal part or any assembly and assembly tool, it is possible to ensure a practical and very stable connection. Thanks to the mentioned connecting elements for walls and columns (Zba, 405), the floor (11) becomes ready for the installation of columns and walls on it.

The columns (12) for the house (10) are formed by corner columns (50a, 500), which are among the proposed structural elements, and the walls (13) are formed from wall blocks (бба, 6ОБ, бос, бО4). As shown in fig. 4a and 4p, in the proposed design in the best version two types of corner columns ((5ba, 505) are used, which have different shapes and/or sizes and which are made according to the number of walls to be connected. For example, in this best version of the invention corner columns (50a, 5060) have dimensions of 10x10x20 cm and 10x10x25 cm in width, length and height, respectively. Like other structural elements, the corner column (50ba) shown in Fig. 4a has a body (51) in the form of a box with an open top and the base. In a preferred embodiment, two adjacent surfaces (511) of the housing (51) are provided with wall attachment portions (52a, 526). The wall attachment portions (52a, 520) include two wall (522) sockets projecting outwardly under at right angles to the side surface (511) to which the wall attachment parts (52a, 520) relate; the wall attachment parts (52a, 520) also include a mounting socket (521) defined by the socket walls (522). Corner column (5060 ), shown in Fig. 460, has additional parts well (52c) for connecting the wall located on the other edge of the housing (51). In the best version (Figs. 4p and 4c), one longitudinal fastening groove (523) is made on all surfaces of the walls (522) of the sockets facing each other. In another variant of the invention, instead of the fastening chute (523), one or more recesses (not shown in the drawing), which are not continuous, can be made on the walls (522) of the nest. On the other hand, a projection (53) for connecting the column, which has a square section, protrudes from the upper part of the body (51) to define the opening (54). The open base of the housing (51) defines a connection socket (not shown in the drawing) in which the lower connection element (40) for the column or

From the corresponding connecting protrusion (451, 53) of the corner column (5060).

So, as shown in fig. 1b, the lower part of the corner column (505) is placed on the corresponding connecting element (405) for the column in such a way that the connecting projection (451) will enter the connecting socket (not shown in the drawing) on the base of the corner column ( 500), and then the columns (12) of the upper row will be placed one above the other so that the corresponding connecting protrusion (53) will enter the connecting socket of the corner column (506) on the upper part; therefore, columns (12) will be formed.

As shown in fig. ba, 50, 5c and ba, wall blocks (b0a, boron, boss, ba) of different sizes are used in this invention. For example, in this best version of the invention, wall blocks (b0a, 60r, boss, 604) with dimensions of 10x10x20 cm, 10x20x10 cm, 10x40x20 cm and 10x120x10 cm in width, length and height are used. Shown in fig. 5a the wall unit (bba) has a hollow box body (61) and includes a wall attachment part (62) which has a wall attachment box connection projection (621) that projects vertically from the body (61) and defines an opening (622 ). In fig. 5a, 5B0, and 5e show that when the required length is used, the wall units (605, boss, 604) may include wall attachment portions (62) with a series of wall attachment joint projections (621) located on each extension such that a space is formed between them. For example, the wall block (604) (Fig. 5e), which is relatively longer than other wall blocks, is used, in particular, at the lower and upper edges of door and window openings (14,15). In this case, as shown in fig. 5s and

Ba, the body (61) runs in a straight line and includes a number of compartments in its internal volume, which are defined by the walls (614) of the compartments. These divisions determine the connecting sockets (623), in which the connecting protrusions (621) of the lower wall block (b0s) will be placed. In other variants, the body (61) can have an angular shape, as in the connecting elements (40a, 405) for columns.

As can be seen in fig. 50, in the space that remains between identical wall blocks (606B) or between the connecting projections (621) of adjacent wall blocks (60), an insert (615) is installed, which will partially close said space. On the other hand, as shown in fig. 54, on the lower edge of the compartments relative to the body (61) are provided sockets (616) for inserts which correspond to the mentioned insert (615). Thus, when the two wall units (60) are placed one above the other, the insert (615) is placed in the slot (616). This arrangement effectively and practically prevents raindrops or similar fluids moving downwards or moving upward through the wind from entering the house through the wall units (60).

In addition, as shown in fig. 5c and 5y0, to ensure a more stable connection on the side surfaces (511) facing each other of the wall blocks (60), wall connecting strips (612) and wall connecting channels, in which the strips (612) are placed, are provided. On the other hand, on the corresponding housing (51) on the side surface (511) of the wall blocks (60), which are included in the mounting sockets (521) for placement in the corner columns (50a, 500), connecting strips (613) are made for columns, which correspond to the fastening groove (523) in the wall (522) of the nest.

Accordingly, as shown in fig. 1c and 14, when forming the walls (13) passing between the columns (12), first of all, the first row of wall blocks (bba, 600, boss, 604) is placed on the wall and on the connecting elements (40a, 400) for columns on the floor (11). While this process continues, the corresponding connecting projections (321, 421) in this wall and connecting elements (40) for the column are arranged to be inserted into the connecting sockets (623) on the base of the wall blocks (bba, 606, boss, 604). The wall blocks (bba, 600, boss, 604) forming the upper row are placed one above the other in such a way that the connecting protrusions (621) fit into the corresponding connecting sockets (623) on the wall blocks (bba, 60B, boss, 604), so walls are also formed (13). On the other hand, during the process of laying the wall, the wall connecting bar (612) of the wall unit (60) enters the connecting channel (611) of the adjacent wall unit (60).

In addition, as shown in fig. 14, in places where the wall blocks (бба, 6О0р, бос, 6оа) are joined to the corner columns (50a, 500), connecting bars (613) for the columns located in the corresponding part of the wall blocks (бба, 60р, бос , b0a), enter the fastening channels (523), corresponding to the bars (613), in the wall sockets (521) for placement in the corner columns (50a, 505). So, using the required number and size of wall blocks (bba, 605, boss, 609) and the required number and size of corner columns (50a, 505), you can build parts of the house, except for the roof.

After the formation of the walls (13) and columns (12) to ensure the connection between the wall and the columns (12) from above, the upper wall blocks (70a, 705, 70c) are used, which perform the function of a covering overlay connecting the corresponding upper wall block (60) and the corresponding corner column (5ba, 500) one above the other. In this invention, in the best version, three different ones are used

From the types of upper wall blocks (70a, 706, 70c), the forms of which are set according to the scope of application. For example, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper wall blocks (70a, 705, 70c) have dimensions of 30x30x15 cm, 10x40x15 cm, and 30x50x15 cm in width, length, and height, respectively.

In more detail, as shown in fig. ba, the upper wall unit (70a) used in corner positions includes a housing (71) and one wall attachment part (72a, 725) protruding outward from two adjacent surfaces of the housing (71) in such a way that the angle between them is 90". The upper surface of the wall attachment parts (72a, 720) is closed, and on the lower surface of these wall attachment parts (72a, 720) there is at least one connecting socket (not shown in the drawing) that can enter at least one connecting projection (621) of the lower wall unit (60).On the base part of the body (71), which is located in the middle, there is a socket for connecting the column (not shown in the drawing) which has a depth that can enter from the connecting protrusion (53) of the lower corner column (50a, 5065). On the other hand, on the outward facing side surfaces (511) of the parts (72a, 7260) for joining the wall, one connecting notch (7Za, 730) is made, having a part with a cross-section that expands in the direction from the outside to the inside and which has f orm of the wedge. Therefore, the upper wall block (70a, 7060, 70c) can be connected to another structural element with a similar connecting notch (7Za, 735) using a corresponding connecting part (74); and, in particular, the upper wall unit (7b0a, 700, 70c) can be connected to another upper wall unit (70a, 706B, 70c). In fig. bs shows the upper wall unit (70c) which is used together with the corner column (5065) where the three walls are connected, and which is T-shaped and accordingly has an additional part (72c) for attaching the wall and connecting notch (73c) made on this part. In fig. 65 shows another upper wall block (705) which is fixed on the wall blocks (bba, 6Or, boss, 604) passing between two columns and which runs in a straight line, and on its middle part there is a mounting socket (75) in which place a structural element, which in the best version is used in the roof, in particular, a connecting element (100) for the eaves. In the best version of the invention, one mounting groove (751) is made on the mutually perpendicular walls defining the mounting socket (75).

As a result, the upper wall blocks are placed on the wall blocks and on the corner columns on the upper row in the specified manner. Therefore, thanks to the connecting elements for the walls from below and because thanks to the wall blocks from above, a rigid connection between the walls and the columns is ensured.

For example, as shown in fig. 17, the corresponding wall blocks (7ba, 700, 70c) are stacked, respectively, on the corner column (50a), on the connected wall blocks (60) and on another corner column (500) relative to the wall blocks (60). The structural element is placed in the mounting socket (75) of the corresponding wall block (705) or for aesthetic purposes the mounting socket (75) is closed with a suitable cover. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting slot (not shown in the drawing) on the base of the corresponding wall block is wider than the connecting protrusion (621) of the corresponding wall block that is included in this slot. Thus, the upper wall block (705) is moved to the left and right in the direction of expansion, and in the desired place it can be fixed with the help of a pin (not shown in the drawing) or with the help of a similar element. This technique provides flexibility and ease when adjusting the location of the eaves. In fig. 17 also shows a more detailed view of the used connecting part (74). In other structural elements, in the best version, connecting parts (212, 44) of this form are used.

In another variant of the application of the invention with the help of specially designed connecting elements for walls and using wall blocks corresponding to them, the house can be assembled without corner columns (50a, 506) and without connecting elements (40a, 400) for columns.

As shown in fig. With and 39, the connecting elements (Z0c, 304) for the walls are made similarly to the connecting element (40a, 400) for the column, but instead of the connecting protrusion (451) for joining the column, they have a perpendicular connecting protrusion (321 ) to join the wall. On the other hand, an additional connecting recess (33c) is provided in the new connecting protrusion (321) of the corresponding connecting element (Z0c) for the wall. As shown in fig.

БИ, 59 and 5Н, respectively, wall blocks (б0е, 60Й) have additional parts (62) for connecting the walls protruding at an angle, forming an I-shaped and T-shaped cross section, respectively.

Therefore, during assembly, the wall blocks (b0e, 601) are placed in the corresponding connecting element (Z0Os, 304) for the wall and, thus, form the corners or intermediate compartments of the house. In this version, to form a connection between the wall blocks in the corner and other wall blocks, the wall blocks are placed one above the other with an offset. In more detail, for example, one wall block (b0a) is placed on the corner part of the corresponding wall block (b0e), which is located below, and, for example, the wall block (6b0c), consisting of four parts, is placed on the empty connecting protrusions (621 ), remaining on the sides. Thus, some part of the mentioned wall block (60c), consisting of four parts, is connected to the wall block (b0e) forming the corner, and the other part is connected to the wall blocks (boba, 6OB, boss, 60a), forming a wall; therefore, a tight connection is ensured between them. On the other hand, the connection scheme can be adjusted in a given way, provided that the mentioned rigid connection is ensured.

After the columns (12) and walls (13) are completely formed, the roof of the house can be quickly and reliably attached with the help of the proposed structural elements. As shown in fig. and 70, to provide visual integrity, the wall blocks (bba, 6OB, boss, b0a), laid in the upper row, which gradually increases in height and forms a triangular shape of the supporting wall (131) of the roof, are covered with appropriate covering overlays (110a, 1106B ). In detail, the wall blocks (bba, 6Or, boss, 604), laid in the area from the lower part of the rise to the upper part of the rise, are covered with a covering overlay (110a). This cover plate (110a) has an O-shaped profile and defines a mounting socket (111) in which the wall blocks (bba, 605, boss, ba) can actually be placed. In addition, the joint is covered from above with a cover plate (1105), on each side of which an inclined part (112) passes at an angle downward.

In fig. 10c shows another structural element used in the construction of the roof - a connecting element (100) for the eaves. The proposed connecting element (100) for the eaves includes a triangular body (81); a lower socket (104) running virtually parallel to the long edge inside the housing (81); and an upper slot (102) running virtually parallel to the other long edge. In a preferred embodiment, an intermediate space (103) is formed between the lower nest (104) and the upper nest (102). When used, the connecting elements for the eaves are inserted into the mounting socket (75) of the upper wall blocks (7050) laid on the walls. During this operation, the connecting bars (not shown in the drawing), located on the side surfaces of the connecting element for the eaves, are inserted into the corresponding fixing grooves (751) inside the mounting socket.

As shown in fig. 9a and 90, the rafter truss (16) and the longitudinal elements of the roof stiffness forming the frame of the house are formed using support profiles including the body (81); the connecting protrusion (82), passing on the extension of the body (81) and having a smaller diameter; a connecting socket (83) into which another connecting projection (82) can enter at the beginning of the housing (81). These roof profiles (80) have a box shape and a square or rectangular cross-section, respectively. However, in an alternative version, the connecting protrusion and, accordingly, the connecting socket can have a cross-sectional shape in the form of an expanding isosceles trapezoid.

As shown in fig. 1e, when using a group of roof profiles (80) are arranged in such a way that they pass horizontally on the ground between the front and back sides of the ceiling, and at the end enter the lower socket (104) of the connecting element (100) for the eaves. Another group of roof profiles (80) are arranged so that they pass at a certain angle upwards, starting from the upper socket (102) of the corresponding connecting element (100) for the eaves at the front and rear edges of the ceiling, while they coincide with each other on the upper center line in the middle of the ceiling. So, as can be seen in fig. 1e, the horizontally stacked profiles and the profiles stacked at an angle are stacked in such a way that they form an equilateral trapezoid, and this thus defines the rafter trusses (16). The roof profiles (80) are connected in such a way that they are supported from below by an element (9ba) to connect to the roof at the upper point. As shown in fig. ba, such an element (90a) is used for connection to the roof, which has on both sides inclined parts (93) with mounting sockets (92), in which the corresponding parts of the support profiles are placed. On the other hand, between the element (90a) for connection with the roof and the point where the horizontal support profiles passing through the ceiling coincide in the middle, a support (140) passes perpendicular to the ground; thus the roof is supported at the top point. As a result of such repeated operations, as shown in fig. Yes, rafter trusses are laid on the ceiling (16).

After that, between the support parts (91) of the roof, crossing the support profiles, which in some places pass at an angle, pass another group of support profiles and, thus, determine the parts, which in this field are called longitudinal elements (17) of the roof stiffness. Places where the support profiles forming the rafter truss (16) and the longitudinal element (17) of the roof stiffness intersect with each other are supported from below by an element (9060) of a different type for connection to the roof. As shown in fig. 100, the element (900) for connecting to the roof includes four support parts (91) with four support profiles arranged to form a T-shape and has mounting sockets (92). In addition, the lower end of the support (140), which was discussed in the previous paragraph, is placed in the element (900) to connect with the roof, which is located in this place. The element (900) for connecting to the roof also supports support profiles that run horizontally relative to the ground at this location and converge in the middle. In the best version

The element (905) for connection with the roof is attached to the corresponding roof profile (8) using a connecting part (212, 44) of the screw type. In another variant of the invention, such a connection can also be made by coupling or screwless method.

At the next stage, gutters (130) are installed on the corresponding upper wall blocks (70a, 700, 70c) in the upper row of the front and back sides of the building. As shown in fig. 860, the groove (130) has a connecting section (131) with a cross-section in the shape of an inverted letter M, similar to the cover plate (110a); the outlet (130) is attached to the upper part of the wall blocks (бба, 6боб, бос, б0а) from the connecting part (122). On the continuation of the connecting section (131) there is an eaves part (132), which after installation is actually parallel to the ground. On the extension of the eaves part (132), a gutter (133) is made, which has an O-shaped cross-section and runs at a lower level compared to the eaves part (132). In addition, one cut-out part (134) is provided at the two ends of the connecting section (131), and during installation, the corresponding part of the connecting element (100) for the eaves, which is applied to the upper wall block (70B), enters the zone , defined by these cut parts.

In the best option, after laying the gutters (130), the ceiling part of the house is also installed on the walls and on the columns (12). The ceiling part is formed from many ceiling elements (not shown in the drawing), which have the form of plates and which can be connected to each other by the coupling method. For example, in a preferred application, the ceiling elements are installed between two supporting parts (91) of the roof, and in certain places the ceiling elements are attached from the lower side to the horizontal roof profiles (80) related to the rafter trusses (16). To provide significant strength, in the best version between the two supporting parts (91) of the roof, the ceiling elements are arranged in continuation of each other. Since the type of laying and the type of coupling of ceiling elements in the best version is the same as the type of laying parquet boards, they will not be described here in detail. In the best version, the thickness of the proposed ceiling element is approximately 3 mm, and if desired, this thickness can be increased.

At the very end, on the rafter trusses (16) and on the longitudinal elements (17) of the roof stiffness, formed by the supporting profiles, the roofing sheets (120) with the rafter parts (121) are placed. Along the long edge of each roofing sheet (120) there is a connecting part (122) with mounting holes (123) made on it. This connecting part (122)

has a smaller thickness compared to the remaining area of the roofing sheet (120) and due to this shape, an understated area is determined. As a result, the corresponding edge of the adjacent roofing sheet (120) rests on this lowered area and, thus, between the two roofing sheets (120) no protrusion is formed, which deteriorates the appearance. In addition, said connecting parts (122) have mounting holes (123), and thanks to this, two roofing sheets (120) can be connected to each other by means of a screw-type connecting part (212, 44). In another embodiment of the invention, the roofing sheets (120) may have connecting recesses (7/Za, 73B) as in the floor slabs (11), and the roofing sheets (120) may be connected to each other by means of a suitable connecting details (212, 44). On the other hand, adjacent roofing sheets (120) may contain spliced connecting elements and the connection can be made with their help. As a result, thanks to the use of appropriate prefabricated structural elements, it is possible to build a perfect roof of the house.

As can be seen in the representative front view of part of the house in fig. 14, the connection of the roof with the rest of the house or the connection of the roof with the floor is carried out as follows. In a preferred embodiment, a connecting hook (105) or a similar connecting element is provided on the connecting elements (100) for the eaves, and the connecting cable (19, one end of which is attached to the connecting hook (105) hangs down the line defined by the vertical holes (622) on the wall blocks.At the lower point it is attached to the anchor element (18) which is attached to the anchor part (323) of the corresponding connecting element (Zba) for the wall of said connecting cable ( 19) and which reaches the ground through a hole drilled in the floor plate (20) Thus, using the necessary number of connecting cables (19), a very rigid connection between the roof and the ground is formed.

In other variants of the invention, the proposed non-separable connecting parts and the above-mentioned structural elements can in some cases be replaced by other connecting parts that will provide a screwless connection and without the use of hand tools. Examples of such connecting parts can be parts for such types of screwless connection and connection without the use of hand tools, such as snap-on, shaped joint, wedge connection, connection using tabs.

As can be seen from the above description, the housings (31, 41, 51, 61) of the respective structural elements, and in particular of the load-bearing elements, such as wall blocks, corner columns, connecting elements for columns and walls, include at least one hole (322, 422, 452, 54, 622) running along the height of the body, and are mostly box-shaped with or without compartments. This form increases the stability of the corresponding structural element and at the same time provides heat and noise insulation from the external environment without the need to use additional insulating means. In addition, through these holes (322, 422, 452, 54, 622) you can pass electrical and telephone cables for the house or pipes of the sewage system, and this is a great advantage that speeds up the construction process.

In another variant of the invention, in the housings (31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 101), which include a number of compartments, additional holes can be made on the walls (614) of the compartments, providing a passage between the compartments. Thus, horizontal channels are also formed, and in these channels, again, elements such as cables or pipes can be laid.

In other alternative versions of the invention, the shape of the mentioned cases (31, 41, 51, 61) can be different, provided that the necessary stability and conformity of forms will be preserved. For example, instead of a box-with-a-hole shape, one-piece hulls or one-piece hulls with narrow horizontal or vertical channels, or hulls connected to each other in some way, or that include at least two panels, or steel-reinforced hulls, or bodies having pores and chambers or having a cage shape.

All structural elements used in the present invention are made of sheet-formable composite material, and all structural elements are manufactured in a manner known in the art. Accordingly, when applying the method of manufacturing by hot pressing, some proposed structural elements may include two parts, symmetrical to each other, which form a structural element when connected. For example, roof profiles (80), which have a predominantly square section, are made by connecting two parts that have an O-shaped section. If necessary, it is possible to manufacture other structural elements in this way, in particular, covering overlays (110a, 1105).

In this regard, the best composition of the composite material includes fiber in the amount of 25-33 96 to provide strength; at least one type of mineral powder in the amount of 40-50 90 as a filler; resin in the amount of 20-25 95 as a binding agent between the fiber and the filler; and at least one chemical admixture in the amount of 5-8 95. In such elements as corner columns (50a, 506), because to obtain a material that, in particular, has the mechanical properties of steels of type 51 521 and is relatively strong, the resin of complex vinyl ethers and carbon fiber is used as a fiber. In such elements as gutters (130) and roofing sheets (120), where high strength is not required, isophthalic resin is used as a resin and glass fiber is used as a fiber to obtain a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 5T 37. For structural elements of the type of wall blocks (бба, 60, бос, 604), which require an average level of strength, isophthalic resin is used as a resin and aramid fiber is used as a fiber, resulting in a material with the mechanical properties of steels of type 51 42. In the best version, the thickness of the proposed structural elements can be 4 mm and 2 cm depending on the specified strength.

As a filler, the proposed structural element includes at least one type of mineral powder selected from the group of minerals consisting of silicon dioxide, barite, talc and calcite; and as a chemical admixture, the proposed structural element includes at least one chemical product that increases abrasion resistance, fire resistance, and increases water absorption; and in addition, in some cases, the proposed structural element may include a given amount of thermoplastic material to improve the appearance of the surface.

As you know, it is possible to define 5 forces that the building is subjected to, namely: shear force, pressure force, instantaneous force, shear force and tangential force. A building can be subjected to one or more of these forces simultaneously as a result of a number of external factors, such as earthquakes, wind and the building's own weight, so buildings must have a certain degree of resistance to such forces. In this regard, below is a general description of the building's response to such forces.

First of all, the composite material from which the structural elements are made is as strong as steel, but it is 6 times lighter than steel. On the other hand, the porous structure of the housings used in this invention greatly reduces the weight of the structural elements. Therefore, the component of the instantaneous force (Eb) from the self-weight of the building is very small, compared to concrete or steel structures. If the building is subjected to a pressure force (EZ, E4), then such elements as the connecting gutter (611) on the side surfaces (511) of the adjacent wall blocks (bba, 600, boss, 60) and the wall connecting bar (612) , which enters this chute; connecting sockets (613), made in wall blocks (bba, 60B, boss, ba), placed one above the other, and connecting

The protrusions (621) included in the connecting sockets (613), as well as the walls (522) of the sockets in the corner columns (50a, 500), provide the building with greater resistance to the pressure force (EZ, E4). When a shear force (E1, E2) occurs, such elements as connecting sockets (613) made in wall blocks (bba, 6Or, boss, 604) and connecting protrusions (621) included in the connecting sockets (613), as well as the fastening groove (523) on the corner columns (50a, 505) and the connecting strips (612) on the wall blocks, which is included in the fastening groove (523, 751), provide the building with greater resistance to pressure forces (EZ, E4). Under the action of cutting forces (ET, E2 or Gg2, E4), these elements become more active under pressure, and in addition, the flexibility due to the screwless connection gives a serious advantage. For example, when an instantaneous force (Eb) or a tangential force (E7) occurs due to wind, for example, elements that provide resistance to pressure forces and flexibility due to a screwless connection become active again. In addition, connecting parts (212, 44) and connecting recesses (33, 43) of a wedge-shaped shape, designed to connect the corresponding structural elements to each other, play an important role in providing the building with resistance to all the specified forces. As shown in fig. 1a, since the wall blocks (60) are offset in each row, the wall block (60) located in the upper part supports the connection of the two wall blocks (60) located in the lower row, and this gives the building a larger hardness

On the other hand, houses built according to this invention are different from houses with stone masonry. Buildings built according to the invention have walls (13) that perform the function of a carrier, as in buildings erected by the method of tunnel formwork, and this provides much greater stability of the building. In addition, in the constructions erected by the method of tunnel formwork, the internal walls are erected by stone masonry to reduce the cost, and in this invention, the walls (13) forming the rooms have the same purpose. Moreover, as mentioned above, due to the rigid connection between the corner columns (50a, 505) and the walls (13), when the building is subjected to the above-mentioned loads, the angle of the corner elements does not deteriorate, however, in prefabricated houses or in houses erected by the tunnel formwork method , this angle deteriorates. Therefore, the undisturbed formation of an angle between at least two walls passing perpendicular to each other is possible due to the special connection between the wall blocks (bba, 60B, boss, 6o0a) and the corner columns (50a, 505). That is, unlike houses with stone masonry, the columns (12) in this invention protect the house not only from vertical loads, but also from 60 horizontal loads.

In addition, the proposed structural elements do not contain layers with different physical and chemical properties, as known structural elements, and this makes the proposed structural elements and the building constructed from them practically rigid. Thanks to this, construction is easier and faster, and these are important advantages.

The following table shows some test results of the proposed structural element made from the composition taken as an example.

N/mme EM ISO 178 T tensile (MPa) (kJ/me hours t5 1818, p. no The change in weight is

Chemical resistance О 5 su (60 95 toluene and 40 95 maximum 9.9 75 I n-heptane in a container or in diesel, in EM IZBO 14125 Change in bending strength and is -20 95 conditions 168 hours at 23х2 С) Modulus change bend is - (T5 1478 ЕМ 124 Annex Э) 30 97 thing TI on PISHNY beer by indenting balls MM

Testing with a hot wire 0 | Non-flowing///ССЕ poet 1110000 non-repellant with cyclic viscosity when heated (Test of insulating ability| 77777777 | No flow and deformation

Ken 00000 zeneonnyattna of temperature fluctuations

Kk tia wars PI ZE . and No deformation and cracking of ultraviolet rays

In addition, in the conducted adjacent tests, it is observed that during the test with a hot wire, there is no leakage; there are no punctures and deformation in the accelerated test for cyclic viscosity when heated; no leakage and deformation when testing the insulating capacity.

Moreover, when conducting tests to determine resistance to temperature fluctuations and resistance to ultraviolet rays, the proposed structural elements did not reveal any deformation or cracks.

The scope of legal protection of the invention is determined by its formula and cannot be limited to the illustrative examples described above, and a specialist in the field can easily implement similar variants of the invention based on the above description without going beyond the main principles of this invention.

Claims (51)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A structural element made of a composite material formed into sheets, which is characterized by the fact that it includes a body (31, 41, 51, 61), made of a composite material containing at least one type of fiber in the amount of 25-33 o; at least one type of mineral powder as a filler in the amount of 40-50 90; at least one type of resin in the amount of 20-25 95 as a binding agent between the fiber and the filler; at least one chemical admixture in the amount of 5-8 90; and at least one connecting part made integral with the body (31, 41, 51, 61) to ensure connection with another structural element with the same characteristics. 2. A structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (31, 41, 51, 61) includes at least one opening (322, 422, 452, 54, 622) extending at least partially along the height of the housing. 3. Structural element according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that as a connecting part, the structural element (20, 30, 40, 70) contains at least one connecting recess (211, 33, 43, 73) on its surface , facing another structural element (20, 30, 40, 790), located horizontally next to it. 4. The structural element according to claim 3, which is characterized in that at least some part of the connecting recess (211, 33, 43, 73) has a cross-section that expands in the direction from the outside to the inside. 5. The structural element according to item 3 or 4, which is characterized by the fact that at least one connecting part (212, 44, 74) is additionally provided, which is not part of the structural element, but is made of the same composite material and the cross-section of which corresponds to connecting socket (213, 34), defined by connecting recesses (211, 33, 43, 73) of two structural elements located side by side. 6. A structural element according to any of the previous items, which is characterized in that as a connecting part, the structural element contains at least one connecting projection (321, 421, 53, 621) on its surface facing another structural element ( 30, 40, 50, 60), located on its body (31, 41, 51, 61). 7. Structural element according to claim 6, which is characterized by the fact that at least one connecting socket (623) is provided as a connecting part, made in the base of the body (31, 41, 51, 61) of the structural element, which corresponds to the connecting protrusion (321, 421, 53, 621) of the structural element (30, 40, 50, 60) placed on it. 8. Structural element according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that on its body (31, 41, 61) there is at least one part (32, 42, 62) for joining the wall, which has a number of connecting protrusions (321, 421, 621), located side by side in such a way that there is a space between them; and a number of connecting sockets (623) that correspond to the connecting protrusions (321, 421, 621) of another structural element based on the body. 9. The structural element according to any of the points 6-8, which is characterized by the fact that it includes a part (45) for connecting the column, which has a connecting projection (451), made at a height greater than the height at which connecting protrusions (321, 421, 621) are made in the part (42) for joining the wall, and which protrudes upwards from the body (41) of the structural element. 10. A structural element according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that the connecting protrusions (321, 421, 451, 621) have a section defining an opening (322, 422, 452, 622) which passes vertically along the height of the structural element. 11. A structural element according to any one of items 8-10, characterized in that at least one insert (615) is provided to partially close the space that remains between the connecting protrusions (321, 421, 451, 621). 12. A structural element according to claim 11, which is characterized by the fact that it includes at least one socket (616) for insertion, made on the basis of the body (31, 41, 61) and in which the said insert (615) of the corresponding structural element (30, 40) is placed , 60), on which it is installed. 13. A structural element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a box body (31, 41, 51, 61) in which there is at least one compartment defined by said openings (322, 422, 54, 621). 14. A structural element according to any one of the previous points, which is characterized in that as a connecting part it includes two walls (522) of the socket protruding outward from at least one side surface (511) of the body (51) of the structural element; and at least one mounting socket (521) defined by the said walls (522) of the socket and which has dimensions to accommodate the housing (61) of the horizontally adjacent structural element. 15. A structural element according to claim 14, which is characterized in that at least one fastening groove (523) is made on at least one of the walls (522) of the mounting socket (521). 16. A structural element according to claim 15, which is characterized by the fact that at least one connecting bar (613) corresponding to the said fastening groove (523) is made on at least one of its side surfaces. 17. A structural element according to any of the previous items, which is characterized in that at least one connecting channel (611) and/or connecting bar (612) is used as a connecting part, performed on at least one surface structural element facing another structural element located horizontally next to it. 18. Constructive element according to claim 1, which differs in that resin of complex vinyl ethers is used as resin and carbon fiber is used as fiber. 19. A structural element according to claim 1, which differs in that orthophthalic resin is used as a resin and glass fiber is used as a fiber. 20. Structural element according to claim 1, which differs in that isophthalic resin is used as resin and aramid fiber is used as fiber. 21. Structural element according to claim 1, which is characterized in that as a filler it includes at least one type of mineral powder selected from the group of minerals consisting of silicon dioxide, barite, talc and calcite. 22. A modular building constructed by joining together structural elements, all of which are made of formable composite material, characterized by including: at least two floor slabs (20), each of which includes at least one connecting recess (211) at least on one side (21) and which are located relative to each other in such a way that the connecting notch of one plate corresponds to the connecting notch of the other plate, as a result of which the connecting slot (213) is defined; and a connecting part (212) placed in said connecting socket (213); at least two connecting elements (Zba, ZOB, Z0c, Z04) for the wall, which are installed on the floor (11) formed from the two mentioned floor plates (20), and which include a housing (31) with at least one opening (322) , at least one connecting projection (321) projecting upwards from the body (31), and at least one connecting notch (ZZa, 330, 33c) made on at least one side surface of the body (31) and which, respectively, are located next to each other to form a connecting socket (34), and one of them corresponds to the connecting notch (3Za, 330, 33c) of the other side surface; and a connecting part placed in said connecting socket (34); at least one wall unit (bba, 600, boss, b0a, bOe, 600), which has a housing (61) with at least one opening (622), and which has at least one connection socket (623) made on the lower part of the housing , and the connecting protrusion (621) that protrudes upward from the body and which is placed on the connecting element (Zba, 3006, ЗОс, 304) for the wall in such a way that the connecting protrusion (321) enters the connecting nest (621), which is made of a composite material that contains at least one type of fiber in the amount of 25-33 90; at least one type of mineral powder in the amount of 40-50 95 as a filler; at least one type of resin in the amount of 20-25 95 as a binding agent between the fiber and the filler; and Zo at least one chemical admixture in the amount of 5-8 Fo. 23. The building according to claim 22, which is characterized in that the connecting element (Zba, Z0B, ZOs, 304) for the wall includes at least one part (32) for joining the wall, which has a number of connecting protrusions (321) located side by side in such a way that there is space between them. 24. The building according to claim 23, which is characterized in that the connecting element (Z0c, Z04) for the wall includes at least two parts (32) for joining the wall, located at an angle relative to each other. 25. The building according to claim 24, which is characterized in that said parts (32) for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define an I-shaped or T-shaped connecting element (Z0c, 304) for the wall. 26. A building according to claim 22, characterized in that said wall unit (bba, 606, boss, 60a, boe, 601) includes at least one wall attachment part (62) having a series of connecting protrusions (621), located side by side in such a way that there is space between them. 27. The building according to claim 26, which is characterized in that the wall unit (b0e, 60th) includes at least two parts (62) for joining the wall, located at an angle relative to each other. 28. The building according to claim 27, which is characterized by the fact that the parts (62) for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define a wall block (be, 60) of I-shaped or T-shaped shape. 29. The building according to any of the points 22-28, characterized in that the wall unit includes at least one connecting gutter (611) and/or connecting bar (612) performed by BO on at least one side surface of a wall block facing another wall block located horizontally next to it. 30. A building according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that a housing (41) placed on a floor (11) formed from two floor plates (20) having at least one opening (422) is provided; at least one connecting projection (421) projecting upwardly from the body (41); a protrusion (451) for connecting the column, which protrudes upward from the body and the height of which is greater than the mentioned connecting protrusion (421); at least one connecting element (40a, 40b) for the column, which has at least one connecting recess (43a, 43b, 43c) made on at least one side surface of the body (41) and which is located in such a way as to correspond to connecting recesses (ЗЗа, 330, З3Зс) of the connecting element for the wall and determines the connecting socket (34); and because the connecting part placed in the mentioned connecting socket (34). 31. The building according to claim 30, characterized in that the connecting element (40a, 405) for the column includes at least one part (42a, 425, 42c) for joining the wall, which has a number of connecting protrusions (421) located side by side in such a way that there is space between them. 32. The building according to claim 31, which is characterized in that the connecting element (40a, 405) for the column includes at least two parts (42a, 420, 42c) for joining the wall, located at an angle relative to each other. 33. The building according to claim 32, which is characterized by the fact that the parts (42a, 42p, 42c) for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way as to define an I-shaped or T-shaped connecting element (40a, 405) for the column . 34. The building according to any of the items 30-33, which is characterized by the fact that a housing (51) is provided, which is placed on the connecting element (40a, 406B) for the column and which is connected to the wall blocks at least on one of its sides (b0a, 600, boss, ba, bOe, 600), and which accordingly has at least one hole (54); at least one connecting projection (53) projecting upwards from the body (51); at least one connecting socket made on the lower part of the case, which includes the connecting projection (621) of the wall unit; two walls (522) of the nest projecting outward from at least one side surface (511) of the housing (51); and at least one corner column (50a, 5060) defined by the walls (522) of the socket, which includes at least one mounting socket (521) in which at least some part of the body (61) of the wall unit is placed. 35. The building according to claim 34, which is characterized by the fact that at least one fastening groove (523) is made on at least one of the walls (522) of the mounting socket (521). 36. The building according to claim 35, which is characterized by the fact that on at least one side surface (511) of the body (61) of the wall block, at least one connecting bar (613) is made, which is included in the mentioned fastening channel (523). 37. The building according to any of items 34-36, which is characterized by the fact that a housing (71) is provided, on the lower part of which at least one connecting socket is made; and at least one upper wall unit (70a, 706, 70c) with at least one connecting notch (73a, 730, 73zc) formed on at least one side surface of the body (71) and which is accordingly placed in such a way as to connect at least two adjacent wall blocks (bba, 60B, boss, 60a, bOe, 605) to each other or to connect the adjacent wall block (bba, 60B, boss, 604, bOe, 605) and the adjacent corner Zo column (50a, 505 ) with each other from above and which is located in such a way that the corresponding connecting protrusions (53, 621) enter the connecting socket. 38. The building according to claim 37, which is characterized in that the upper wall unit (70a, 700, 70c) includes at least two parts (72a, 720, 72c) for joining the wall, located at an angle relative to each other. 39. The building according to claim 38, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned parts (72a, 725, 72c) for joining the wall are located relative to each other in such a way that they define the upper wall block (7ba, 7060, 70c) I-shaped or T-shaped forms 40. The building according to claim 38, which differs in that the upper wall block (7ba, 706, 70s) includes a mounting socket (75), into which the body of another structural element will be inserted from above. 41. Building according to claim 40, which is characterized in that a connection element (100) for the eaves is provided, placed in the mounting socket (75) in such a way as to pass perpendicularly to the direction of the location of the corresponding upper wall unit (706), and which has an upper the nest (102) passing at an angle in this direction, and the lower nest (104) passing almost horizontally to the ground. 42. The building according to claim 41, which is characterized by the fact that roof profiles (80) are provided, having a connecting protrusion (82) and a connecting socket (83), which can include a connecting protrusion (82) of another roof profile (80), and which are respectively engaged with each other in such a way as to form the trusses (16) of the building, while the ends of the roof profiles, which are at a lower level, enter the upper and lower sockets (102, 103), respectively. 43. The building according to claim 42, which is characterized by the fact that additional roof profiles (80) are provided, having a connecting projection (82) and a connecting socket (83), which can include the connecting projection (82) of another of the roof profile (80), and which are respectively connected to each other in such a way as to form the longitudinal elements (17) of the rigidity of the roof of the building, and which in certain places intersect with the roof profiles of the rafter trusses. 44. The building according to any of the items 37-43, which is characterized by the fact that at least one gutter (130) is provided, having a connecting section (131) with a cross-section in the form of an inverted letter O, placed on the upper wall blocks (70a , 700, 70s); part (132) of the eaves, which after installation runs almost parallel to the ground on the continuation of the mentioned connecting section (131), and which has a drain (133). 45. The building according to any of items 43-44, which differs in that in the areas where the roof profiles (80) forming the rafter trusses (16) and the longitudinal elements (17) of the roof stiffness intersect with each other, provided at least one element (90a, 90b) for connection to the roof with a support part (91) having a mounting socket (92) which will support the roof profiles (80) from below. 46. A building according to any of the items 43-45, characterized in that a roof sheet (120) is provided with a connecting part (122) which is connected to another roofing sheet (120) as a connecting part and which is superimposed on the rafter trusses (16), and the longitudinal elements (17) of the roof stiffness defined by the roof profiles (80). 47. The building according to any of the items 22-46, which is characterized by the fact that a cover plate (110) is provided, which has a mounting socket (111) and which is superimposed on the wall blocks (bba, 60B, boss, bod, boye, 605 ) or on the upper wall blocks (7ba, 7060, 70s) at the given points. 48. The building according to claim 22, which differs in that resin of complex vinyl ethers is used as resin and carbon fiber is used as fiber. 49. The building according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that orthophthalic resin is used as the resin and glass fiber is used as the fiber. 50. The building according to claim 22, which differs in that isophthalic resin is used as the resin and aramid fiber is used as the fiber. 51. The building according to claim 22, which is characterized in that as a filler the proposed structural element includes at least one type of mineral powder selected from the group of minerals consisting of silicon dioxide, barite, talc and calcite. 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