TWM407848U - Suspension assembly and tie-plate thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An elastomeric spring suspension is described for supporting a longitudinally extending vehicle frame rail above first and second axles forming a tandem axle configuration. The suspension includes a frame hanger assembly mounted to the vehicle frame rail. The frame hanger assembly has two full spring modules, each of which includes two shear springs, a progressive spring rate load cushion having a pyramidal shape with a flattened top surface and a spring mount for mounting the springs. A saddle assembly is connected to the spring mount, and an equalizing beam is connected to the saddle assembly and further connected to the axles. The spring rate for the suspension increases almost linearly as a function of sprung load, resembling a pneumatic suspension. Accordingly, the suspension exhibits excellent ride quality, without sacrificing roll stability.

Description

/«48 V. New description: [New technical field] This creation is generally related to vehicle suspension. More specifically, the present invention relates to elastomeric spring vehicle suspensions, such as for utility or heavy haul truck applications. [Prior Art Single-spring rate suspensions and variable spring rate suspensions for use in professional or heavy haul truck applications are known. A single spring rate suspension has a fixed spring rate that typically must be differentiated from the "positioning" to create a sturdy suspension or a rigid suspension that exhibits appropriate roll stability. As a result, depending on the selected spring rate, the roll stability is compromised or the quality of the break is compromised in a single spring rate suspension. The variable spring rate suspension overcomes this drawback of the single spring rate suspension frame by providing multiple spring rates during operation. When the jitter load (sprung 1〇ad) increases, the spring rate increases accordingly. An example of a variable spring rate elastomeric spring suspension for use in professional or heavy haul truck applications is shown in U.S. Patent No. 6,585, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The manner of use is incorporated herein. The suspension frame uses a bolster spring and an auxiliary spring to achieve its variable magazine rate. Due to the abutment or disengagement of the auxiliary spring depending on the load, the rate of the suspension can vary. The lightly loaded chassis with such a suspension has an excellent quality of the manufacture without sacrificing the roll stability under rated chassis load. When a mild to moderately loaded chassis with such a suspension encounters moderate to large conditions or changes in operating conditions, frequent M407848 engagement and disengagement may occur. The spring rate for each such engagement or disengagement system of the auxiliary spring can undergo a sudden change, which is referred to as the "breakdown effect." As a result, the driving quality may be impaired. From the graphical point of view, the spring rate has a discontinuity at the load when the auxiliary spring is engaged or disengaged, which can be expressed as a step function. Previous elastomeric spring suspensions for professional or heavy haul truck applications require elastomeric springs to undergo compression, tensile and/or shear properties. Tensile loading can cause the elastomer to rupture. In view of the conditions identified above for previous spring vehicle suspensions for professional or heavy haul truck applications, it is desirable to provide a new and improved suspension for their applications. [New Content] The present invention provides a pad comprising a plate detachably attached to a first frame hanger including a first frame hanger to a frame rail attachment hole set, and a second frame a second frame hanger of the hanging object to the frame rail attachment hole set, wherein the panel includes a first attachment hole set corresponding to one of the pad attachment hole sets at the first frame hanging object, Wherein the plate includes a second set of attachment holes corresponding to one of the sets of pad attachment holes at the second frame hanger, and wherein the plate is adapted to be attached to the first frame hanger And the second frame hanger such that when the panel is attached to the first frame hanger and the second frame hanger, the panel is located below the first frame hanger to the frame rail attachment aperture set and in the second frame hanger To one of the positions below the frame rail attachment hole set. [Embodiment] M407848 An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described herein with reference to the drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference numerals. I. Exemplary Suspension Figures Figures through Figures 21 illustrate an embodiment of a vehicle suspension and its components, generally designated 5 inches. The vehicle auxiliary suspension frame 50 is designed to extend the longitudinally extending C-shaped vehicle frame rail 52 above the laterally extending axle (not shown) of the vehicle (four) coupling configuration. In an alternate embodiment, the vehicle frame holder 52 can include a box frame rail, an I-frame rail (eg, a frame rail containing a post beam or some other type of frame rail. Those skilled in the art should understand that the vehicle The suspension frame 5〇 and the components of the other suspension frames described herein are identical on each side of the vehicle light. It should also be understood that the wheels (not shown) are mounted to the ends of the axle in a known manner. In addition, it should be understood that the vehicle frame rails 52 can be connected by a plurality of frame cross members (not shown). Those skilled in the art should further understand, or depending on the suspension frame. And its components can be attached to a frame rail of a trailer (eg, a trailer attached to a semi-tractor). The frame rail of the trailer can include a frame rail such as the frame rail described above or another type of frame rail. For the purposes of this description, unless otherwise specifically described, 'vehicle' hereinafter refers to a vehicle or trailer. In this manner, for example, "frame" refers to the frame of a vehicle or the frame of a trailer. Purpose, "the left side of the vehicle Refers to the side of the vehicle on the left-hand side of the observer when the observer faces the rear of the vehicle. 'The right side of the vehicle' refers to the side of the vehicle on the right-hand side of the observer when the observer faces the rear of the vehicle. Again, for this For purposes of description, "outer side" refers to a position further away from the centerline relative to "inside" and "inside" refers to a position closer to the same-centerline, wherein the centerline extends from the front of the vehicle to the rear. According to a given embodiment, the vehicle suspension frame 50 can have and/or provide, but is not limited to, having and/or provide one or more of the following characteristics: (1) as the load applied to the suspension frame 5 increases Large and continuously increasing spring rate (curve and no discontinuity); (U) near-line as the load applied to the suspension 5 增大 increases! · Increased spring rate, (d) due to Minimal inter-axis brake load transfer and/or improved joint connection resulting from the pivot point generated at the center of the equalization mark 78; (iv) minimal pull on the suspension frame 50 or springs Stretch loading or no tensile loading; (v) due to the reduction in the number of fasteners, ^Improved durability of the critical mechanical joints of the low-tight ID pieces preloaded and one of the suspension frames 5G or the tensile loading of the springs; (V. Good on a lightly loaded chassis) Driving quality without sacrificing the roll stability under rated chassis load, (vii) unlimited use of the tire chain; and (νπι) when the vehicle using the suspension frame 50 encounters moderate to large road conditions or operations The spring rate is abrupt due to the engagement or disengagement of the auxiliary spring when the condition changes. As shown in Figure 1, the suspension frame 50 includes a frame hanger assembly 54 that is mounted to the frame rail 52 in a known manner. Two spring modules 56. In this regard, 'each spring module 56 includes a frame attachment portion 58 having a hole for attaching the spring module to an adjacent frame rail 52." Each spring module 56 includes a window opening 60 defined by top wall 62, side wall 64 and bottom wall 66 (see also, for example, Figures 6 and 7). Within each opening 60, a shear spring 68 is positioned between the side wall 64 and the spring mount M407848 mount 70, wherein the spring mount 7 is centrally positioned within the opening. Preferably, the shear spring 68 is mounted in the spring module 56 in a compressed state. The compressive load applied to the shear spring 68, the side wall 64, and the spring mount 70 can increase as the vehicle's expected maximum load rating increases. For example, for a first expected maximum load rating, the shear spring 68, side wall 64, and/or spring mount 70 can be mounted in a compressed state at a load of approximately 13, a pound. As another example, for a second expected maximum load rating greater than the first expected maximum load rating, the shear spring 68, sidewall rim and/or spring mount 70 may be approximately 2 inches, a load of 〇〇〇 pounds Installed in a compressed state. Additionally, within each opening 60, a graded spring rate load pad 72 is positioned between the spring mount 70 and the top wall 62 of the opening 60. Preferably, load pad 72 has a continuously increasing spring rate (during loading of load pad 72), as described in more detail below. It should be understood throughout this disclosure that although the spring module 56 is described as having a shear spring 68 and a tapered (four) spring load (four) 'but the vehicle load has a sufficiently small magnitude in the fully loaded state, there is only a shear spring 68 ( That is, the spring module 56 without the gradient spring rate load pad is sufficient. By way of example only, a sufficiently small vehicle load value at full load can be between 〇 pounds and 8, 〇〇〇 pounds or between 〇 pounds and 1 〇〇〇 pounds. Two suspension mount assemblies 74 are attached to the elastomeric mounting bracket 70 included in each of the open (four). As shown in Figure 3, a mount assembly is located on the outside of the elastomeric module. Also, as shown in Fig. 3, another frame assembly 74 is positioned on the opposite side (inside) of the spring module 56. The mount assembly 74 is attached to the central bushing 76 of the longitudinally extending assembled equalization beam 78, wherein the assembled equalization (4) is also referred to herein as a movable beam in the M407848 technique. Each beam 78 pack # is a sleeve or sleeve that is positioned at its opposite end. • Each end of the beam 78 is connected to each end of the axle (not shown) in a known manner. 2 and 3 illustrate an embodiment of the frame hanger assembly 54 and the frame assembly 74. In this embodiment, the frame hanger assembly 54 includes two spring modules %, each of which includes a - frame hanger 82, two shearing elastics 68, a gradient spring rate load pad 72. And - spring mount 70. Similarly, in this embodiment, each of the frame assemblies 74 includes a frame portion 84 and a frame cover end portion 86. The frame portion 84 of each frame assembly 74 is coupled to the spring mount 70, and the spring mount 70 A mounting surface is provided for the shear spring 68 and the graded spring rate load pad 72. When mounted between the spring mount 70 and the side wall 64, the shearing elastomer is preferably held in compression between the spring mount 7 and the side wall M, preferably between about 13,000 and 20,000 pounds. Under load. In other words, the shear bomb φ *68 does not undergo tensile loading. In this way, the fatigue life of the shear spring 68 is increased compared to the elastomer spring that is subjected to this loading. The shear spring (9) is also oriented substantially laterally as illustrated, such that it acts when sheared and thereby has improved performance. One or both of the shear springs 68 of the spring module 56 can be replaced with another shear spring configured to be like a shear spring 68. The gradient spring rate negative 72 is mounted between the magazine mounting bracket 7 and the respective top wall 62 of the opening 6〇. Load pad 72 preferably has a continuously increasing spring rate during loading. Therefore, the suspension frame 50 has a continuously increasing spring M407848 spring rate during loading. The load 塾72$ acts when it is shrinking and does not undergo tensile loading, so it also has an increased fatigue life compared to other springs that undergo this loading (e.g., elastomer springs). Figures 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of a full frame hanging spring module brother. In this embodiment, the 'per-complete frame hanging spring module 56 includes a frame hanger 82, a spring mounting bracket 7〇, two shear springs, and a gradient spring rate load pad 72 (see Figure 2). The frame 7 includes two mount mounting apertures 114 (see FIGS. 12-15) that are respectively positioned on the inside and outside of the frame hanger 82 to permit attachment of the mount assembly 74 (see also Figures 2 and 3). The bottom wall 66 of the opening 60 constitutes a rebound limiter for the suspension frame 5. The integrated rebound controller eliminates the need for an accessory device for this purpose. The device 9 is attached to the bottom wall 66 of the opening 6 to further reduce the acoustic noise that can be generated when the suspension enters the rebound. As an example, the damper 90 can include an adhesive that can be used. Or other fasteners are attached to the elastomeric material of the bottom wall 66. Examples of elastomeric materials described hereinafter may be applied to the elastomeric material of the damper 90. Figures 6 and 7 illustrate one embodiment of the frame hanger 82. Additional details. In detail, Figures 6 and 7 illustrate that the side wall 64 of this embodiment includes a cavity The other side wall 64 preferably includes a similarly configured cavity 92 (not shown). The cavity 92 preferably has a height and width dimension 'and thus' optimized for the respective shear springs 68. This embodiment eliminates the need for fasteners to hold the shear spring 68, or the fasteners can be used. Preferably, the frame opening 60 is also optimized for compression of the shear spring 68 during assembly. The width, and thus the span between the cavities 92. In addition, the depth of the cavity 92 is optimized for the operating clearance of the shear spring 68 as the shear spring 68 M407848 moves over its entire stroke. In addition to the holding force provided by the friction coefficient between the shearing spring f68 and the shearing spring 68 and the mating component (eg, the cavity in the side wall 64 or the cavity in the spring mounting bracket), the cavity depth The optimization also provides an auxiliary vertical and horizontal retention of the shear spring 68. By using a preferred size, no fasteners are needed to hold the shear spring 68 during assembly, but embodiments that require fasteners are also included herein. The subject matter disclosed in Referring again to Figure 7, the top wall 62 of each opening 6 can be used and/or include, for example, two rounded shapes in a vertical plane to form a dome configuration to control the gradient during the loaded condition. The spring rate ramps the load pad 72, thereby increasing the useful life of the load pad. Another advantage of the dome configuration 94 is that it eliminates potentially sharp edges that can damage the load pad. The hangers 82 preferably have a symmetrical design. This condition permits each frame hanger 82 to be positioned to the left or right side of the vehicle. Each frame hanger 82 can have a frame hanger 82 for maintaining its associated vehicle frame under all operating conditions. Rail-optimized frame bolt pattern. Optimizing the bolt pattern may include, for example, minimizing the number of fasteners required to securely tighten the frame hanger 82 to the frame rail 52 and/or maximizing the fasteners. stretch. Figures 8, 8A and 8B illustrate various views of one embodiment of a shear spring 68. In this embodiment, the shear spring 68 is constructed of a load block 96 that is bonded to the plate 98. In one aspect, the load block 96 (eg, an elastomeric load block) can comprise an elastomeric material (ie, an elastomer), such as, for example, M407848 natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene, synthetic polyiso Pentylene dilute, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, polyacrylic acid rubber, high density polyethylene, thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), urethane, polyurethane, Thermoplastic polyaminophthalate (TPU) or some other type of elastomer. In this regard and in detail the 'load block 96 can be defined as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D2000 M4AA 717 A13 B13 C12 F17

Kll Z1 Z2 elastomer. In this case, Z1 represents natural rubber and Z2 represents a hardness selected to achieve the desired shear rate. The selected durometer can be based on a given predefined scale, such as Shore A scale, ASTM D2240 Type A scale, or ASTM D224 Type D scale. In a preferred embodiment 'Z2, for example, is preferably 70 ± 5, according to the Shore A scale. In another embodiment ', according to the Shore A scale, Z2 is, for example, in the range of 50 to 80. Other examples of the range of Z2 and Z2 are also possible. In another aspect, the load block 96 (eg, a viscoelastic load block) can comprise a viscoelastic material (1) that is loaded within the given range of the shear spring 68 and removed at the load It has elastic properties and (Π) has inelastic properties when the applied load exceeds the maximum load of the given range (eg 'do not return to its original unloaded shape'). This given range can be extended from no load to the maximum expected load plus a given threshold. This given threshold takes into account the possible overload of the shear spring 68. As an example, the viscoelastic material can comprise an amorphous polymer, a semi-crystalline polymer, and a biopolymer. Other examples of viscoelastic materials are also possible. According to an embodiment, the load block 96 may also include one or more fillers. M407848 This (these) filler optimizes the performance of the load block 96. Fillers may include, but are not limited to, waxes, oils, curing agents, and/or carbon black. For a given shear load and/or a given compressive load applied to the load block 96, such fills may optimize performance by improving the durability of the load block 96 and/or tuning the load block 96. Improving the durability of the load block 96 via the use of a filler can include, for example, minimizing temperature rise relative to the loading characteristics of the load block 96 and/or maximizing the shape retention of the load block 96. Shear springs 68 can be formed, for example, by inserting the plates 98 into a mold (not shown), each of which can be coated with a coating material. As an example, the coating material may comprise a material comprising zinc and phosphate and modified with calcium. The coating material may have a coating weight of from 200 mg/sq to 4 g/sq. Other examples of coating materials are also possible. An adhesive can be applied to the coated panel to bond the panel 98 to the load block 96. As an example, the adhesive may include Chemlok® manufactured by the company of Carly, North Carolina, USA. Other examples of adhesives are also possible. Application of the coating material and/or application of the adhesive may occur in the board. 98. Before, during, and/or after insertion into the mold. After application of the coating material and adhesive, the load block material (when in the pourable form) can be inserted into the mold to form the load block 96. In a preferred embodiment, any of the exposed portions of the panel 98 (e.g., portions of the panel that are not covered by the negatively-damped block material) are protected by a member other than the member of the load-barrier material. In other embodiments, Some of the exposed portions of the panel (e.g., the edges of the panel 98) may not be protected from corrosion, and any other exposed portions of the panel 98 are protected by the anti-corrosion name. Figure π and Figure M407848 8D illustrate one embodiment of the shear spring 68. The cross-sectional view 'and in detail, illustrates the vias 99 in the board 98. The vias 99 permit the load block material to flow more easily through the mold as the load block 96 is formed. As explained above, the shear spring 68 is In a illustrated embodiment, the compression of the shear magazine 68 is due to the spring cavity (e.g., cavity 92) by ampurizing it in the side wall 64 of the spring module 56. a compressive load provided between the cavity formed in the spring mount 70. Alternatively, other means of preloading the shear spring may be used. The shear spring 68 traverses the suspension frame 5 via its shear spring rate The vertical spring rate contributes to this. The vertical spring rate is constant throughout the entire range of motion of the suspension frame 50. For spring modules with elastomeric shear springs, the geometry of any of the shear springs can be The vertical spring rate is tailored using elastomers with different durometer ratings. The compression spring rate of the shear spring 68 is preferably designed to be constant over a small compression range, facilitating assembly, under actual installation conditions. Asymptotic, and the longitudinal travel of the suspension caused by compression of the shear magazine during vehicle acceleration or deceleration is kept to a minimum, preferably below 5 mm. 98 pairs of each of the shear springs 68 Shear spring The shear spring rate has a minimal (if any) effect. The plate 98 is used to optimize the compression characteristics of the shear spring (9). The shear spring 68 can be increased by adding additional plates 98 and corresponding load block %; The stiffness is reduced, and the compression stiffness of the shear spring 68 can be reduced by removing the plate % and the corresponding load block %. The plate 98 can be made of any of a variety of suitable materials - such suitable materials include (but Not limited to) iron, steel, aluminum, plastic, composite or some other material. The size of the board can be selected from the size of 14- M407848 and the shape to obtain the (4), ^ # and aesthetic characteristics of the shear spring 68 and will The shear spring 68 is received in the hanging pocket and the spring mounting bracket 98 can be completely or at least substantially encapsulated in the elastomer to further enhance its resistance to corrosion and to fit in the suspension component. The initial compression spring rate is approximately 6, _ N / m (or approximately 34, refined coffee,

The maximum shear rate of the shear spring 68 is a large (four) 7 coffee (about 2 7 忖), and the height of the shear spring 68 after installation is about Dashe. Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a shear spring 68 with optional tabs incorporated into the perimeter of the eight tabs to ensure proper shear spring orientation during assembly. It should be understood that any such tabs (if used) can have any shape: size or count.

An embodiment of the tapered spring rate load pad 72 is illustrated in accordance with the embodiment - the desired shear rate of the f-cut spring 68 is approximately Π). Gradient spring rate Load 塾72 can be; t is located in the spring mount 7 () and ? Attached to the spring mount 70 between the top configurations % and by fasteners. Typically, each of the progressive spring rate load pads 72 is designed to have at least one slanted wall (e.g., slanted walls 1 〇 5, (7) 7) and a horizontal cross-section that is substantially different in size and generally similar in shape. For each of these embodiments, each horizontal section has a substantially similar shape to the other horizontal sections, but it does not have the same size or cross-sectional area as the other horizontal sections. The size change factor or similarity ratio is a function of the slope of the at least one oblique wall. The horizontal section can be any geometry required for packaging, weight or aesthetics. According to an exemplary embodiment, load pad 72 is an elastomeric graded spring rate load pad that is shaped to resemble a gold M407848 tower. In this regard, as shown in Fig. 1A, the load pad 72 includes a substrate 1 2, a dome-like elastic body 104, and a flattened top surface 1〇6. Substrate 1 2 can be made from a variety of suitable materials including, but not limited to, iron, steel, aluminum, plastic, and composite materials. The size and shape of the substrate can vary to any size or shape desired for packaging, weight and aesthetics. Preferably, the substrate 1〇2 is sized to match the top surface of the spring mount 7' to accommodate fasteners that secure it to the spring mount 70, and to minimize overall mass. The size and size of the elastomer 104 of the progressive spring rate load pad 72 is optimized to achieve the vertical spring rate requirement. For the present application, the vertical spring rate of the gradual spring rate load 塾 72 continuously increases as the load increases, thereby defining a curve shape without discontinuity in the illustration that the spring rate varies with the jerk load. The size and size of the elastomer 104 can be based on a form factor that is the area of the loaded surface (eg, flattening the top surface 丨〇6) versus the freely expanded unloaded surface (eg, the elastomer 1〇4 from the substrate 1〇2) The ratio of the total area to the four walls of the top surface 1〇6. The shape of the preferred gradient spring rate load pad 72 as indicated is very similar to the pyramid having the flattened top surface 106. By using this preferred shape, the vertical spring rate of the progressive elastic modulus load pad 72 linearly increases as the load increases. In one embodiment, the base of the elastomer 1〇4 has a wearing surface of 5吋×6吋, the top surface 106 has a wearing surface of 8〇8吋, and the elastic body 1〇4 has a height of 3 2 . The spring rate of the gradual spring rate negative pad 72 can be optimized by varying the hardness of the elastomer 1 〇4. By varying the hardness tester, a series of interchangeable spring rate load pads can be produced. M407848 Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment of an elastomeric graded spring rate load pad 72 with the substrate 102 completely encapsulated in the elastomer 1〇4 for greater corrosion resistance and friction at the spring dresser interface. . In an alternate embodiment, one portion of the substrate 1〇2 can be exposed (e.g., not covered by the elastomer 104). The exposed portion of the substrate 1〇2 can be protected against corrosion by means other than the member of the elastomer 104. In yet another embodiment, corrosion protection can be performed on all exposed portions of the substrate 102 (except for the edge φ edge of the exposed portion of the substrate 1〇2) by a member other than the elastomer 104. By way of example, the substrate 102 can extend beyond 0.25 吋 to 〇 5 ft beyond all portions of the widest portion of the pyramid portion of the elastomer 104. As illustrated in Figure 11, the load pad 72 has ears 108 that are incorporated into the substrate 1〇2. Each of the ears 1 〇 8 includes a through hole ι 9 through which the fastener can be inserted and fastened to the spring mount 7 〇 and/or the mount assembly to hold the load 塾 72 to the pylon 5 Inside. The through hole 1〇9 can have any of a variety of shapes. For example, the through holes 1〇9 may be rectangular. In this manner, the φ _ fastener can include a rounded square neck bolt, which is referred to in the art as a body bolt. As another example, the through hole 1〇9 may be circular. In this manner, the inserted fastener can include a hex head bolt. Alternatively, other δ-shaped fasteners and through-holes having corresponding shapes can be used. 12 through 15 illustrate an embodiment of a spring mount 7 包括 included in each spring module. The spring mount 7 〇 includes: a substantially flat top surface 〇 'where the gradual spring rate load pad 72 is disposed On the top surface 110; a pair = cavity m' is positioned on the opposite side of the spring mount 7G for receiving the cutting spring 68" and a pair of mount mounting apertures ι4, which are positioned at the 篑 篑 -17 The M407848 mounts on the opposite side of the shelf 70 to form a mount interface and permit attachment to the suspension mount 84. ~ The relatively clamped cavity 12 is preferably sized to accommodate shearing balls during assembly = 68. The horizontal span of the separation chamber 112 (provided by the spring mount) is also optimized to allow the shear spring 68 to be tightened during assembly, in addition to moving the shear spring over its entire stroke. The depth of the operating gap of the shear spring 'the cavity 112 can be optimized. In addition to the compression provided by the shear = spring and the holding force provided by the coefficient of friction between the shear spring and the mating component, the cavity depth The optimization also provides an auxiliary vertical for the shearing yellow Horizontal retention force. By using a preferred size, no fasteners are required for assembly (4) shearing of the magazine 68, but embodiments that require fasteners are also within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. The frame interface of 70 forms a spring mount _ the concave portion 116 of the frame mechanical joint 'The concave portion 116 has a desired angle for maintaining joint integrity under all operating conditions. For the suspension frame operable to handle the first - the maximum load frame assembly, preferably having a desired angle of about 16 degrees. In an alternative configuration, such as a frame assembly operable in a suspension to handle a second maximum load, the desired angle may be less than 16 degrees (such as 14 degrees), wherein the second maximum load is greater than the first maximum load. Generally familiar with this item: the operator should understand that the desired angle of the concave portion of the spring mount/frame mechanical joint can be A variety of degrees between 120 and 180 degrees. Spring mount - mount interface mechanical joint eliminates direct shear loading of fastener 丨 17 (see Figure 2) because shear loading is only supported by the joint. Spring Mount - Frame Interface Mechanical Joints Reduce Fastener Preloading M407848 Minimizes the number of fasteners required. Fasten two::, a standard hex head bolt or - hex flange bolt, or stay awake A fastener of the type. Preferably, the top j of the mount interface of the spring mount 7 has a radius of 2 inches. The atrium 1000 is fastened to the seat of the spring mount 70. At the interface of the frame, the spring tamper strip prevents contact at the peak of the frame interface. The fillet 300 also ensures that only the active surface of the mechanical joint is the inclined plane of the joint. In this way, the width is relaxed. The required tolerances can be used to construct the joint using the actual cast surface. The magazine mount 70 can be made from any of a variety of materials. In a more compact example, the spring mount 7 is made of D55 ductile iron. In another embodiment, the spring mount 7 can be made of, for example, another type of iron, steel, aluminum, composite material (such as carbon fiber) or some other material. 16 through 19 illustrate an embodiment of a mount assembly 74 that is included in a suspension frame. The frame assembly 74 includes a frame portion (or more simply, a frame ... and a frame cover end portion 86. - a half hole σ center is formed in the center of the frame portion to form a frame cover configuration In the upper half, another half-hole mb is formed in the seat cover end portion 86 to form the lower half of the frame cover configuration. Due to the loose tolerance of the frame cover configuration, the frame assembly 74 ( The include frame portion 84 and the frame cover end portion 86) can be assembled after casting. This configuration provides a frame cover interface with an attached equalizer beam or other vehicle component and is known in the art. The mount cover aperture 118 can be machined in the mount portion 84 and the mount cover end portion 86 such that when the mount assembly 19-M407848 74 is attached to the equalization beam 78 or other component, the stud is The fasteners shown in the form of 拴 and nuts (see Figure 16) can secure the frame portion M to the frame cover end portion 86. Figures 45 through 49 illustrate another alternative that can be used in the frame assembly 74. In one embodiment, in detail, FIGS. 45 to 47 illustrate the mount 84A, and FIG. 48 and the round bamboo illustrate the mount end portion 86A. The 84A and the frame cover end portion 86A can be made of iron, steel, aluminum, composite or some other material, and can each comprise separate castings formed by casting processes generally known to those skilled in the art. The mount 84A can include a through hole 848 formed when the mount 84A is cast, and the mount cover end portion 86A can include a through hole 86B formed when the mount cover end portion 86A is cast. The firmware is inserted into the through holes 84B, 86B for subsequent fastening and attachment of the frame cover end portion 86 to the mount 84A. In an alternate embodiment, the through holes 84B and/or the through holes 86b may be borrowed. Formed by machining. The mounts 84, 84A preferably have a space frame/truss-like geometry or configuration as illustrated to minimize component stress during suspension operating conditions and minimize component quality. The 84A further has a spring dress mounting aperture 122 for alignment with the mount mounting apertures 14 of the spring mount 70 or spring mount 346 (see Figure 26). The mounts 84, 84A are preferred for this. The magazine mounting frame interface includes a convex portion 124 that is convex Part of the frame is designed to be broken into the corresponding concave portion 16 of the spring mount-frame interface mechanical joint. For the convex portion of the frame to be used for handling the first maximum load in the suspension frame The span 138 of 124 is also preferably 丨6 。. In an alternative configuration (such as a mount assembly operable in the suspension to handle the second most 20·M407848 large load), the convexity of the mechanical joint The span of part (3) can be 160 degrees (such as 14G degrees). The skilled person should understand that the span m can be a plurality of degrees between 120 degrees and 18 degrees. The apex of the '84A magazine mount interface includes the frame rounded portion 3G2' to minimize stress concentration. The frame sleek portion 302 can

It is larger than the magazine. In a preferred condition, the radius of the slewing portion 3 〇 2 is greater than the radius of the spring mounting strip 3 ( (7) mm. In this manner, if the spring mount strip 300 has a radius of 2 mm, the mount moisture 302 has a radius of 3 mm. When the spring mount 7 or the elastomer mount 346 is fastened to the mount 84, the spring mount interface of the web, the mount rounding 302 prevents intimate contact at each value of the spring mount interface. The landscaping portion 302 also ensures that only the active mid-surface of the mechanical joint is the inclined plane of the joint. In this way, the required tolerances are relaxed and the joint can be constructed using the actual cast surface of the mount and spring mount. Figures 20 and 21 illustrate an embodiment of an equalizing beam 78 (also referred to as a movable beam) that can be used in the suspension frame 5 and in other suspensions described herein. The equalization beam 78 is preferably an assembled assembly having a top plate 126, a bottom plate 128, side plates 13A, two end bushing hubs 80, and a center bushing hub 132. A central bushing hub 132 is included in a central portion of the side panel 130 to remain mounted to the center bushing 134 for attachment to the mount assembly 74. An additional bushing 136 is retained in the end bushing 縠 80 for connection to a series shaft (not shown) in a known manner. Due to the true turning point generated at the equalizing beam center bushing 134, the use of the equalizing beam 78 results in a very small inter-axis brake load transfer. Relying on this true • 21 - M407848 real pivot point, the use of equalizing beam 7 8 also improves joint connection. The suspension frame described herein is modular. As an example, the vehicle ride height can be set as needed. In detail, the vehicle ride height can be changed by changing the frame hanger to another frame hanger having a different size between the frame attachment hole and the shear spring cavity. The vehicle ride height can also be changed by changing the mount to another mount of different size between the central hub interface and its spring mount interface. In addition, the use of other frame hangers and mounts of different sizes to replace the frame hangers and mounts can change the ride height of the vehicle. The principles described in this article can be used in a variety of elastomeric spring suspensions for a variety of axis configurations. For example, although an elastomeric spring suspension for a tandem axle chassis with equalizing beams has been described, the principle extends to a single-axis chassis by swapping the mount to another mount with a suitable axial interface. , a series shaft chassis without equalizing beams and a triple shaft chassis (with or without equalizing beams).

It should be noted that by adding a spring module or a partial spring module to the frame hanger assembly, or by using another gradient spring rate load pad (such as a flattened surface (apex) having a larger surface area and/or a larger base) Load pad) to change the gradient spring rate load pad, can increase the load capacity of the suspension frame to match the chassis large j < by removing the spring module or the split spring module from the frame hanging assembly, or by # S .X. _ w ^ The fly is replaced by a gradient spring load pad (such as a flattened top surface (apex) with a smaller class a and J, a clothing area and/or a smaller base) The spring rate load pad, the section 3^J reduces the load capacity of the suspension frame to match the chassis size. -22- M407848 2 - Additional Exemplary Suspension Figure 22 illustrates an embodiment of another spring suspension 200 that is preferably designed for use with a professional or heavy haul truck having a tandem axle configuration . Two complete spring modules 56 define the frame hanger assembly 2〇2 ^ In addition, the frame assembly 2〇4 used in the suspension frame 200 has three magazine mounting interfaces. In addition to the foregoing, the suspension frame 2〇〇 is similar to the suspension 50 illustrated in FIG. The use of the additional spring module 56 is the load generated by the suspension 200

The valley I is greater than the load capacity produced by the suspension 50 illustrated in Figure 1 (assuming all other conditions are equivalent). According to a given embodiment, the spring suspension 2 can have and/or provide, but is not limited to, have and/or provide one or more of the following characteristics: (1) with the load applied to the suspension 200 Increasing and continuously increasing spring rate (curve and..., discontinuity); (u) the spring rate of the near-line increase as the load applied to the suspension 2 increases; (iii) Minimal inter-axis brake load transfer and/or due to pivot points generated at the center bushing of equalization beam 78

Improved articulation; (iv) minimal or no tensile loading of one or more springs of the suspension 2 ;; (v) due to a reduction in the number of fasteners, reduced fastener preloading Improved durability of critical mechanical joints and suspensions in one of the suspensions or one of the springs; (vi) good driving on a lightly loaded chassis, but not Sacrifice the stability of the roll under the rated chassis; (vii) unlimited use of the tire chain; and \VU1) when using a suspension frame 2 vehicles encounter medium to large road conditions or known conditions change The spring rate is not abrupt due to the coupling or disengagement of the auxiliary spring. 23· M407848 Figure 23 illustrates yet another embodiment of a spring hanger 250 that is designed for use with a professional or heavy haul truck having a tandem axle configuration. Suspension bracket 250 has two integral spring modules 56 and a half/part spring module 2S2 that define frame hanger assembly 254. The two complete spring modules 56 are generally constructed as described above for the embodiments of the suspension frames 5 and 2 (described in Figures 1 and 22, respectively).

The partial spring module 252 of Fig. 23 includes a frame attachment portion 255 having a bottom wall 256. The graded spring rate load pad 72 is held by fasteners and positioned between the bottom wall 256 and the spring mount 7A, wherein the spring mount 70 is included as part of the partial spring module 252. The bottom wall 256 can include a curved top configuration 'such as the curved top configuration 94 described above. The mount assembly 2〇4 used in the hanger 250 can be similar to the mount assembly used in the hanger 200 illustrated in FIG. In addition to the two complete spring module %, the load capacity generated by the use of the partial spring module 252 for the suspension frame 25 is also greater than the load capacity produced by the suspension frame 50 illustrated in the figure (assuming everything else is equivalent) of).

According to a given embodiment, the magazine hanger 25 can have and/or provide (without limitation and/or provide) one or more of the following characteristics: (1) as the load applied to the suspension 250 increases Large and continuously increasing spring rate (no discontinuity of the curve with a nearly linear increase in spring rate as the load applied to the suspension (4) increases; (iii) due to the central bushing at the equilibrium beam redundancy The minimum axis E...c caused by the resulting pivot point <Inter-axis brake load transfer and/or improved connection; (iv) the suspension bracket 25 or multiple springs, tensile loading Or no tensile loading; (v) due to the reduction in the number of T u仟, the critical mechanical joint of the 丨-24· M407848 low fastener preload and the stretching of one or more springs of the suspension 250 Improved durability obtained by loading elimination; (vi) good driving quality on a lightly loaded chassis without sacrificing roll stability at rated chassis load; (vii) unlimited use of the tire chain; (viii) when a vehicle using the suspension frame 250 encounters moderate to large road conditions or operating conditions change A sudden change in spring rate due to engagement or disengagement of the auxiliary spring. Figure 25 illustrates an embodiment of a frame hanger assembly 3 that includes a frame interface (e.g., attachment bracket) 302 and a detachable attached spring A module (eg, suspension attachment) 304. The frame interface 302 includes a lower wall 306 that permits attachment to the upper wall 308 of each magazine module 3〇4 via the use of fasteners 3 1 。. The firmware 31 can be configured like a fastener 117 (described above). The spring module 304 can include a shear spring 68, a spring mount 7〇, and a gradient spring rate load pad 72' such as the scissors described above Cutting springs, spring mounts, and graded spring rate load pads. For this embodiment, the use of the frame hanger assembly 3 enhances the modularity of the exemplary suspension system. For example, using a different suspension It is easier to replace the spring module 3〇4 with the other spring module 304 of the spring of the spring rate. In addition, various frame groups can be absorbed by modifying the hole/orifical position machined through the frame interface 3〇2. State (ie, ride height) The frame width) allows the production of a uniform, universal spring module 3〇4. This situation leads to a reduction in parts inventory. This situation also allows compatibility with any industry standard frame configuration worldwide, while simplifying assembly. The frame hanger assembly 300 can also be used in the sense that it can be sized and adapted to the frame configuration of the-25-M407848. As a result, a single spring module 3〇4 can be used for all frame groups. Various frame interfaces 〇 2 can be used for each specific frame configuration. Next, Figures 26 through 28 illustrate various views of a frame hanger assembly 330 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. The longitudinally extending frame rails (e.g., frame rails 52) can be supported above the laterally extending axle of the vehicle series axle configuration. As illustrated in Fig. 26, the frame hanger assembly 33 includes a frame hanger 332, spring modules 334, 335, and a frame assembly 337 attached to the outer side of the spring modules 334, 335. Figure 27 is a frame hanger assembly. Top view of 33〇. Figure 28 illustrates the mount assembly 337 and the mount assembly 339 attached to the inside of the spring modules 334, 335. The frame hanger 332 can be attached to the spring modules 334, 335 via the use of fasteners 309. The mount assemblies 337, 339 can be attached to the spring modules 334, 335 via the use of fasteners 351. The fasteners 309, 351 can be configured as fasteners 117 (described above). The frame hanger 332 can be configured in a variety of configurations to attach to a variety of vehicles. The various vehicles may each have a respective frame configuration (eg, ride height, frame rail width, and/or frame rail hole pattern). In a first configuration, the frame hanger 332 can, for example, comprise a vertical wall 33, and the vertical wall 338 has (1) a first wall height and (ii) a first frame hanging aperture pattern. In a second configuration, the frame hanger 332 can, for example, comprise a vertical wall 338 having (1) a second wall and (11) a first frame hanging aperture pattern or another frame hanging aperture pattern. For the purposes of this description, the second wall height is greater than the first wall height. In this manner, the frame wall 332 having the first wall height of the vertical wall 338 is replaced by the frame hanger 332 having the second wall height of the vertical wall 338, and/or the -26-M407848 is used by a different size than the frame. The frame assemblies of sizes 337 and 339 replace the frame assemblies 337, 339 to increase the ride height of the vehicle. Other configurations of the frame hanger 332 are also possible, such as configurations configured with wall heights other than the frame height of each of the other frame configurations and the combination of the frame hanging hole pattern and the frame hanging hole pattern.

The plurality of frame hanging hole patterns can be matched to respective frame rail hole patterns in the frame rails and the outer side vertical walls. A fastener, such as fastener 117, can be inserted through the aperture of vertical wall 338 and through the frame to the outer vertical wall for subsequent fastening of frame hanger 332 to the frame rail. The frame hanger 332 can be made of iron, steel, slag, composite or some other material. As illustrated in Fig. 26, the frame hanger 332 includes a first lower wall end 340 and a second lower wall end 342 a lower wall 33. As illustrated in Fig. 27, the lower wall 336 includes two through hole sets 31. 3 ι is configured as a 2 spring module attachment hole pattern, the pattern is matched with the hole in the spring module M4. The frame hanger 332 also includes a vertical wall 338 that extends from the wall end 34'' to the wall end 342. The spring modules 334, 335 each include a spring module Μ*, a spring mount 346, a graded spring rate load pad 348, and shear springs 35A, 352. The spring molds, and 334, 335 are interchangeable and may be symmetrical such that the spring modules, 33: can be positioned to the left or right side of the vehicle and to the front or rear of the frame hanging coffee. The mount assemblies 337, 339 can be attached to the spring mount 346 and can be attached to a central bushing of a longitudinally extending assembled equalization beam (i.e., the movable beam K is not shown). Thereafter, the mount assembly 27· M407848 337, 339 can be detached from the spring mount 346 and/or the equalizer beam for a variety of reasons (eg, repair and/or replacement of the mount assembly) Figures 55-57 illustrate additional views of the frame hanger assembly 33A in accordance with an embodiment in which frame hangers 333 are replaced with frame hangers 333 (see Figures 26-28). Frame hangers 333 may Attached to the spring modules 334, 335 via the use of fasteners 309. The frame hangers 3 3 3 can be configured in a variety of configurations to attach to a variety of vehicles. The various vehicles can each have a respective frame configuration (eg, driving Height, frame rail width and/or frame rail hole pattern.) In a first configuration, the frame hanger 333 can, for example, comprise a vertical wall 341 having (1) a first wall south and (ii) a first frame Hanging hole pattern. In a second configuration, the frame hanger 333 can, for example, comprise a vertical wall 341 having a second wall south and (n) a first frame hanging hole pattern or another frame hanging Hole pattern. For the purposes of this description, The wall height is greater than the first wall height. In this manner, by using the frame hanger 333 having the second wall height of the vertical wall 341 to replace the frame wall 333 having the first wall height of the vertical wall 34i, the ride height of the vehicle can be increased. Other configurations of the frame hanger 333 are also possible, such as configurations configured with wall heights other than the wall height of each of the other frame hanger configurations and the combination of the frame hanging hole pattern and the frame hanging hole pattern. The hanging hole pattern can be matched to the respective frame rail pattern in the vertical wall on the outer side of the frame rail. A fastener such as fastener 117 can be inserted through the hole in the vertical wall 341 and through the vertical wall on the outside of the frame rail for subsequent The frame hanger 333 is fastened to the frame rail. The frame hanger 333 can be made of iron, steel, aluminum, composite material or some other material. As illustrated in Figure 55, the frame hanger 333 includes a first lower wall • 28· M407848 end 3 80 and second lower wall end 381 lower wall 3 82. As illustrated in Figure 27, lower wall 382 includes two through hole sets 383. Each through hole set 383 is configured to provide a given spring module attachment hole The lower wall 382 can also include a hole 3 84 for attaching the frame hanger 333 to the underside of the vehicle frame rail (e.g., the frame rail 52). The vertical wall 341 extends from the wall end 380 to the wall end 381. 29 through 31 illustrate various views of one embodiment of a spring housing 344. The spring housing 344 can be made of iron, steel, aluminum, composite material, or some other material. In a preferred embodiment, The spring housing 344 is preferably a casting made by a casting process generally known to those skilled in the art. In an alternate embodiment, the spring housing 344 can be a plurality of castings and/or forging assemblies. As illustrated in Figures 30 and 33, the spring housing 344 includes a recess 357 which is a metal saver for reducing the weight of the spring housing 344. The spring housing 344 includes an inner portion 345, spring mounted Rack 346, load jaws 348 and shear magazines 350, 352 can be mounted in inner portion 345. The interior portion 345 can be at least partially bounded by the bottom wall 354, the top wall 356, and the side walls 358, 360. The top wall 356 preferably has a through hole 37 that is configured to be the same pattern of holes as the pattern of through holes (e.g., through holes 311 or 383) in the frame hanger 332 or 333. The top wall 356 can also have a through hole 371 that matches the through hole on the bottom side of the frame rail and/or the lower gusset of the frame rail. Fasteners 3〇9 can be inserted through through holes 311 or 383 and through holes 370 to allow the spring modules 334, 335 to be fastened and attached to the truss. In an alternate embodiment, instead of the through hole 370' spring housing 344, a threaded bore that does not extend through the top wall 356 can be used. -29- M407848 Figs. 32 and 33 are cross-sectional views of the spring case 344. As indicated by the figures, the spring housing 344 includes spring housing pockets 364, 366 and a dome-like configuration 368 in the top wall 356. The dome configuration 368 can control the bulging of the load pad 348 when the load pad 348 is under load to increase the effective life of the load pad 348. The dome configuration 368 also eliminates the sharp edges that may damage the load pad 348 when the load pad 348 contacts the top wall 356. The cavity 364 is preferably optimized to accommodate the height, width and depth dimensions of the shear magazine 35, and the cavity 366 is preferably optimized to accommodate the height of the shear spring 352, Width and depth dimensions. The span 372 between the cavities 364, 366 is preferably optimized to compress the shear springs 350, 352 upon assembly. The compression of the shear springs 35, 352 can be, for example, about 13, from pounds to 2 inches, and the load of the pounds. Additionally, the depth of the cavities 364, 366 is preferably optimized to facilitate the clearance of the shear springs as the shear springs 35, 352 move over their entire stroke. In addition to the compression provided by the shear spring 352 and by the friction coefficient between the shearing jaws 35, 352 and the mating components (eg, 'cavity 364, 366 and spring mount 346), The optimization of the cavity depth also provides an auxiliary vertical and horizontal retention of the shear springs 35A, 352. By using a preferred size, no fasteners are needed to hold the shear springs 350, 352 during assembly, but alternative embodiments that require and/or use fasteners to hold the shear springs 350, 352 are also disclosed herein. Within the scope of the subject matter. In Figures 26 and 29, the spring housing 344 is illustrated as being damper free. However, in the alternative embodiment t&apos; the spring housing 344 can include a damper above the bottom wall 354. This damper can be equipped with M407848 as described above for damper 90. Next, Figures 34 through 38 illustrate various views of one embodiment of a gradient spring rate load 塾 348. As illustrated in Fig. 37, the load pad 348 includes a substrate 400, a rate plate 402, and a tantalum material 404 including a first pad portion 4〇6 and a first meander portion 408. The substrate 400 includes a top side 41 〇, a bottom side 412, and a plurality of edges 414 between the top side 410 and the bottom side 412. Similarly, the stiffness plate 402 includes a top side 416, a bottom side 418, and a plurality of edges 420 between the top side 416 and the bottom side 418. Fig. 50 and Fig. 5 are plan views showing an embodiment of the substrate 400 and the rigidity plate 4〇2, respectively. As illustrated in Figures 50 and 51, the substrate 400 and the stiffness plate 402 each have a through hole 422 to allow the pad material 404 to pass through the plates 400, 402 during manufacture of the load pad 348. The substrate 400 includes an ear portion 424 having a through hole 426 for mounting the load pad 348 to the spring mount 346. In a preferred embodiment, the ears 424 are offset on opposite sides of the centerline of the substrate 400. In an alternate embodiment, the centerline of the ear 424 can be the same as the centerline of the substrate 4A. Fasteners 362 can be inserted through ears 424 and secured to spring mounts 346 and/or mount assemblies 337, 339 to retain load pads 348 within spring housing 344. Substrate 400 and stiffness plate 402 can be made from any of a variety of materials, such as steel, aluminum, iron, plastic, composites, or some other material. According to an exemplary embodiment, the edges 414, 420 each have a thickness of 6.35 mm (about 0.25 hrs). The substrate 400 has a length of 152.4 mm (6.0 Oit) and a width of 152.4 mm and the stiffness plate 402 has a length of 152.4 mm. And a width of 152.4 mm. The exemplary length and width dimensions of the substrate 400 are not tested. -31 · M407848 The size of the ear portion 424 is considered. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the plates 400, 402 can be of a different size than those listed above. Figure 38 is a vertical sectional view of the load pad illustrated in Figure 100 taken along line B_B of Figure 36. As illustrated in Figure 38, the pad portion 406 has a flat top surface 428. According to an exemplary embodiment, each vertical section of the pad portion 4A has two beveled edges, such as the beveled edge 43 of the circle 38. . In addition, the pad portion 406 has horizontal sections having different sizes and shapes similar to each other. In particular, each horizontal section has a substantially similar shape to the other horizontal sections, but it does not have the same size or cross-sectional area as the other horizontal sections. The horizontal section size change factor (e.g., the similarity ratio) is a function of the slope. The maximum horizontal section of the pad portion 4〇6 is preferably bonded to the top side 416 of the stiffness plate 402, and the minimum cross-section of the pad portion 406 is preferably Top surface 428. The horizontal section of the pad portion 406 can be any geometric shape (e.g., circular, rectangular, or triangular) required for packaging, weight, or aesthetics. 52 and 53 illustrate an alternate embodiment of a load pad having a substrate 4, a stiffness plate 402, and a pad material 404 including pad portions 406 and 408. The size and size of the pad portion 406 can be based on the shape factor described above. According to an embodiment in which the pad portion 406 has a pyramid shape and by way of example, the maximum horizontal section of the pad portion 406 has a length of 155 4 mm (about 6 inches) and a width of 155.4 mm, and the smallest section of the pad portion 4〇6 has 45.7. The length of mm (about 1.8 inches) and the height of the pad portion 4〇6 is 83 mm (about 3.3 inches). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the pad portion 406 can have other dimensions. Pad portion 408 preferably has a horizontal cross-section that is similar in shape to the shape of the horizontal section of the stiffness plate 402, 32-M407848. Such horizontal sections of the pad portion 408 can have dimensions substantially similar to the dimensions of the stiffness plate 402. In this case, it is substantially similar to "positive or negative" 5%. According to an exemplary embodiment of the stiffness plate 402 having a rectangular 幵v shape (with or without rounded corners), the maximum horizontal section of the pad portion may have a length of 155.4 mm and a width of 155.4 mm, and the smallest horizontal section of the haptic portion 408 may have The length of 145.4 mm (about 5.7 inches) and the width of 145.4 mm. In this embodiment, the pad material 404 can comprise any of a variety of materials. In one aspect, the mat material 4〇4 may comprise an elastomer such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, styrene butadiene, synthetic polyisoprene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, polyacrylic rubber , high density polyethylene, thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polyolefin (τρ〇), guanidinium carboxylate, polyamino f-ester, thermoplastic polyamino phthalate (τρυ) or some other type of elastomer. In this regard and in detail, the mat material 4〇4 can comprise an elastomer defined as ASTM D2000 M4AA 621A13B13C12F17K11Z1, where Z1 represents a durometer selected to achieve a desired compression stiffness curve. The selected durometer can be based on a given predefined scale, such as Shore A scale, ASTM D2240 Type A scale, or ASTM D2240 Type D scale. In a preferred embodiment t, according to the Sh〇re a scale, ζι (for example) is preferably 70 ± 5 » In another embodiment, according to the Sh〇re A scale, ζι is, for example, at 50 to Other examples of β Z1 within the range of 80 are also possible. In another aspect, the mat material 404 can comprise a viscoelastic material that is loaded when the load pad 348 is loaded within a range (no load to a maximum expected load to be applied to the load pad plus a given threshold) Elastomeric materials have •33- M407848 elastic properties. This given threshold takes into account the possible overload of the load pad 348. As an example, the viscoelastic material can comprise an amorphous polymer, a vehicle, and a biopolymer. The load pad 348 can be formed by inserting the substrate 400 and the stiffness plate 402 into a mold (not shown). Substrate 400 and stiffness plate 402 may be coated with a coating material (an example of which has been described above). Adhesive may be applied to the coated panels to bond the panels to mat material 404. Application of the coating material and/or application of the adhesive can occur before, during, and/or after the panels 400, 402 are inserted into the mold. After application of the coating material and adhesive, the tantalum material 404 can be inserted into the mold. "The mat material 404 preferably covers the edges 414, 420, or at least a substantial portion of the edges 414, 420. As an example, the substantial portion of the edges 414, 420 can include all of the edges 414, 42" except for the portion of the heart-shaped floor that positions the panels 400, 402 within the mold. The pad material 404 at the edges 414, 420 may be 1.5 mm thick (about 〇.〇6忖). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the load pads used in the suspension frames 5, 2, 25, 300 can be configured as load pads 348. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the load pad 348 can be configured with one or more additional stiffness plates similar to the stiffness plate 402, and (for each additional stiffness plate) similar to the respective pad portions of the pad portion 408. . In these alternative configurations, each additional stiffness plate is inserted into the mold prior to the pad material 404. Next, Figures 39 through 44 illustrate various views of the embodiment of the spring mount 346. Spring mount 346 includes sides 452, 454. The spring mounts 3钧 can be symmetrical such that the sides 452, buckets can be used on the inside or outside of the vehicle. The suspension mounts in the suspension brackets 50, 200, 250, 3, etc. • 34· M407848 70 The spring mount 346 can be configured as a spring mount 3 46. The spring mount 346 includes a generally flat top surface 4M and a wall portion 466 '468, wherein a load pad (eg, load pad 348) is disposed on the top surface 464. The level of 464 below the top portion of wall portions 466, 468 may allow the use of a higher load pad. In an alternative configuration, face 464 may be at the same level as wall portions 466, 468. It is noted that the spring mount 346 includes a pair of pockets 470, 472 positioned on opposite sides of the spring mount φ 346. The pockets 470, 472 are preferably sized to receive the shear spring 35 组装 when assembled, 352. The horizontal span 471 of the separation pockets 470, 472 is optimized to subject the shear springs 350, 352 to compression as they are assembled. The shear springs 35 are moved for shear springs 35, 352 over their entire stroke.操作, 352 operation gap, cavity 47〇, 472 The degree is optimized, except by the compression of the shear springs 35〇, gw and by the friction coefficient between the shear spring 350 and the mating components (eg, the cavities 364, 47〇) and the shear spring 352 and the fit In addition to the retention provided by the coefficient of friction between the components (eg, chambers 366, 472), the optimization of the cavity depth also provides an auxiliary vertical and horizontal retention of the shear magazines 350, 352. The span 471, the depth of the cavity 47〇, 472, the span 372, the depth of the cavity 364, 366, and the preferred length of the shear springs 35〇, 352, require no fasteners to hold the shear spring 35〇 during assembly. 352, but embodiments that do require fasteners to hold the shear springs 35, 352 are also within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. As illustrated in Figures 39 and 40, the spring mount 346 includes: (1) The outer frame interface 456 forms a concave portion of the mechanical joint with a given angle. 35-M407848 points; (ii) the inner frame interface 458, which forms a concave portion of the other mechanical joint having the given angle; (iii) outer seat mounting opening 46〇; (iv) Side mount mounting apertures 461; and (iv) load pad mounting apertures 462. The mount mounting apertures 460, 461 are portions of the mount interfaces 456, 458, respectively, which are inserted into the mounting apertures of the mounts 337, 339 and The fasteners in the mount mounting apertures 46A, 461 allow the mounts 337, 339 to be attached to the spring mount 346. Figure 44 illustrates the female mount-mount mechanical joint concave portion 482 having The desired angle to maintain joint integrity under all operating conditions. As an example, for a mount assembly operable in a suspension to handle a first maximum load, the desired angle is preferably about 16 degrees. As another example, for a cradle assembly operable in a cradle to handle a second maximum load, the desired angle can be less than 160 degrees (e.g., 140 degrees), with the second maximum load being greater than the first maximum load. The spring mount-mount interface mechanical joint eliminates the direct shear loading of the fastener 351 (see Figure 26) because the shear load is only supported by the joint. The spring mount _ mount interface mechanical joint reduces the criticality of the fastener preload and minimizes the number of fasteners required. It is generally understood by those skilled in the art that the desired angle can be a plurality of degrees between (3) degrees and 18 degrees. The apex of 458 may include a spring mounting bracket 48〇,

The inclined plane of the joints. . In this manner, the apex of the mount interfaces 456, 458 are learned to minimize stress concentration. According to a radius of 20 mm β, the surface of the mount of the mount 337 is at the peak of the mechanical joint to relax the required tolerance, and the joint can be constructed using the actual fabricated surface. . Next, in an alternate configuration, the spring modules 334, 335 can be attached to the frame rail of the vehicle via a &quot;clear bolt, such as a u-shaped thread having two threaded ends. This alternative configuration does not require frame hangers 332 or 333. As an example, two dowel bolts (with their threaded ends 4 extending in the downward direction) can be placed over the top side of the frame rail and then inserted through the mounting holes at the ends of the magazine housing 344 37 〇 mouth. A nut can be mounted on the threaded end of the u-bolt to keep the spring housing 344 in contact with the frame rail. The spring mount 335 can be attached to the frame rail in a similar manner. Moreover, in alternative configurations for use with professional or heavy haul trucks having a series axis configuration, frame hangers 332 and/or 333 may be fabricated to allow attachment of three spring modules (eg, as The spring module 334 is configured with three spring modules, or two spring modules configured as the magazine module 334 and a spring module configured as part of the spring module 252. For this alternative configuration, a mount assembly can be provided that is detachably attached to each of the three _ spring modules. For example, a, the use of two spring modules provides a way for the vehicle suspension to produce a greater load capacity than the suspension 330 (see Figure 26) (assuming everything else is equivalent). Next, FIGS. 58 and 59 are perspective views of an exemplary suspension assembly 500. In particular, Figure 58 illustrates the outside of the suspension assembly 500 and Figure 59 illustrates the inside of the suspension assembly 500. As shown in Fig. 58, the suspension assembly 5 includes frame hangers 502, 504, pads 506, movable beams 508, and mount assemblies 51A. As shown in Fig. 59, the suspension assembly 500 includes frame hangers 5, 2, 504, pads 5, 6, live 37-M407848 moving beams 508, and a mount assembly 532. Figure 59 also illustrates that the frame hanger 5〇2 includes an attachment aperture set 564 and the frame hanger 504 includes an attachment aperture set 566. The outer sides of the set of attachment holes 564, 566 are shown in FIG. The seesaw 506 can be attached to the frame hangers 5〇2, 5〇4 via a collection of fasteners. The backing plate 506 can be removed from one or more of the frame hangers 502, 504 for repair (eg, repair or replacement): (1) the frame hanger 5〇2 or some portion thereof; (ii) the frame hanger 5〇4 or Some part of it; (iH) pad 5〇6. In this respect, the pad 506 is detachably attached to the frame hangers 5, 2, 504. The attachment of the backing plate 506 to the frame hangers 502, 504 permits the set of attachment holes 564, 566 to serve as a single and large collection of attachment holes. A benefit of a single and larger collection of attachment holes is that the attachment hole sets 564, 566 can be configured with fewer attachment holes for use with fewer fasteners, and/or can be configured with smaller sizes Holes for use with smaller fasteners. Next, Fig. 60 is a front view showing the outer side of the suspension assembly 500, and Fig. 61 is a front view showing the inner side of the suspension assembly 5''. As shown in Figures 6A and 6i, the frame hanger 502 includes a window opening 512, and within the opening, the frame hanger 502 includes a spring mount 518, shear springs 520, 526, and a progressive spring rate load pad 521. Similarly, the frame hanger 504 includes a window opening 514, and within the opening, the frame hanger 5〇4 includes a spring mount "stone, shear springs 522, 524, and a gradient spring rate load pad 53" frame hanger 502, The spring mount 604, load pad and shear spring of the 504 can be configured as any spring mount, load pad and shear spring described in this description for another frame hanger. The mount assembly 5 10, 532 can be attached To the spring mounts 516, 518. The mount assemblies 510, 532 can be configured and function as a mount assembly 74 or 2〇4 - 38 · M407848. Next 'Figure 62 illustrates the seesaw 506» as shown in Figure 62. The seesaw 5 06 includes a set of attachment holes 507, 509. The set of attachment holes 507, 509 can include through holes that pass from the first side of the backing plate 506 to the second side. Alternatively, the set of attachment holes 5〇7 509 may extend only a portion of the path through the backing plate 506. The set of attachment holes 507, 509 may be threaded or unthreaded. The backing plate 506 may be symmetrical with respect to a horizontal centerline and a vertical centerline passing through the backing plate 506. As shown in Fig. 62, the attachment hole sets 5〇7, 509 each include three holes. In alternative embodiments, the set of attachment holes 5〇7, 509 may each include two fewer holes (eg, one or two holes) or more than three holes. Any suspension that is described in this description as using a seesaw The slab of the shelf may comprise a plurality of individual panels. Each of the individual panels may be configured as the slats 5 〇 6 and stacked one on another 'such that the apertures in the various sets of attachment apertures are aligned to allow the fastener to be transferred Through the holes, the art plate 506 can be made of any of a variety of materials. For example, the backing plate 506 can be made of steel, such as high strength low alloy steel. As another example, the backing plate 506 can be made of iron, aluminum. , carbon fiber or some other material or combination of materials. Next, Figure 63 illustrates the details of the frame hanger 504. As shown in Figure 63, the frame hanger 504 includes an opening 514, a frame hanger bottom 545, a flange 549, and respectively The outer side walls 541, 543 are located on the outer and inner sides of the flange 549. The inner side of the flange 549 is shown in Figure 63. The flange 549 includes an attachment hole set 552. The attachment hole set 552 can correspond to the backing plate 5? Attachment hole collection·»in this respect A set of fasteners can be inserted through the attachment aperture set 552-39-M407848 and its corresponding attachment aperture set in the backing plate 506 for attaching the backing plate 5〇6 to the frame hanger 504. The opening 514 is at least Partially defined by top wall 54〇, sidewalls 542, 544, and bottom wall 546. Sidewall 544 includes a cavity 548. Sidewall 542 can include a cavity (not shown). The cavity of sidewalls 542, 544 can be as much as the cavity Configured and functioned. A centerline passes through a given center of the cavity 548 and another centerline passes through a given center of the cavity of the side wall 542. Preferably, the two centerlines coincide (i.e., occupy the same relative position or the same area in space) such that the two centerlines can be represented as a single centerline 55A. Alternatively, the centerline passing through a given center of the cavity 548 substantially coincides with the centerline of a given center through the cavity of the side wall M2. For the purposes of this description, when the two centerlines are referred to as coincident j on the top, the two centerlines are parallel and within 3 8.1 mm (about 1,5 吋) of each other. Next, 'in FIG. 73' includes a centerline 550 (represented by point 539) or a plane substantially coincident with a given center passing through a given center of the cavity 548 and the cavity of the sidewall 542 (by way of Dotted line 537 is shown parallel or substantially parallel to the frame bottom 545. This plane passes through a given center of the cavity 548, a given center of the cavity of the side wall 542, and the flange 549. When the pad 5〇6 is attached to the frame hanger 504, this plane also passes through the pad 5〇6. In the embodiment in which the flat lamp is substantially flat on the bottom of the frame hanger, the line parallel to the bottom of the frame is intersected with the 4 planes such that the acute angle formed by the intersection does not exceed 5 degrees (i.e., 300 minutes). Next, Fig. 64 illustrates the details of the frame hanger 502. As shown in Fig. 64, the M407848 frame hanger 502 includes an opening 512, a frame hanger bottom 561, a flange 553, and outer sidewalls 557, 559 located on the outer and inner sides of the flange 553, respectively. The inside of the flange 553 is shown in FIG. The flange 553 includes a set of attachment holes 551. The set of attachment holes 551 can correspond to a collection of attachment holes in the backing plate 506. In this regard, a collection of fasteners can be inserted through the attachment aperture set 551 and its corresponding attachment aperture set in the backing plate 506 for attaching the backing plate 5〇6 to the frame hanger 502. The opening 512 is defined at least in part by the top wall 552, the side walls 554, 556, and the bottom wall 558. Sidewall 554 includes a cavity 560. Side wall 556 can include a cavity (not shown). The cavities of the side walls 554, 556 can be configured and function as the cavity 92. A centerline passes through a given center of the cavity 506 and the other centerline passes through a given center of the cavity of the side wall 565. Preferably, the two centerlines coincide (i.e., occupy the same relative position or the same area in space) such that the two centerlines can be represented as a single centerline 562. Alternatively, the centerline passing through a given center of the cavity 560 substantially coincides with the centerline of a given center through the cavity of the sidewall 556. The plane of the substantially coincident centerline including the centerline 562 or a given center passing through a given center of the cavity 560 and the valley of the sidewalls 56 is parallel or substantially parallel to the frame bottom 561. This plane passes through a given center of the cavity 560, a given center of the cavity of the side wall 556, and the flange 553. When the pad 5〇6 is attached to the frame hanger 502, this plane also passes through the pad 5〇6. The attachment hole sets 551, 552 can include through holes that extend from the inside to the outside of the flanges 549, 553, respectively. Alternatively, the set of attachment holes 551, 552 may extend only a portion of the path through the flanges 549, 553. In such alternative sets of attachment holes, the holes may be contiguous from the inside or the outside. The attachment hole sets 551, 552 can be threaded or unthreaded. Figures 63 and 64 illustrate that the frame hanger 502 includes an attachment aperture set 564, and the frame hanger 504 includes an attachment aperture set 566. The set of attachment holes 564, 566 can correspond to a respective set of attachment holes in the frame rail (e.g., 'frame holder 52). Any of a variety of fasteners can be inserted through the set of attachment holes 564, 566 and the set of attachment holes in the frame rail to attach the suspension assembly 500 to the frame rail. Removing the fasteners from the frame rails and attachment aperture sets 564, 566 will allow the frame hangers 502, 504 to be detached from the frame rails. In this regard, the frame hangers 502, 504 are detachably attached to the frame rails. Next, Fig. 65 illustrates another exemplary frame hanger 580. The frame hanger 580 includes flanges 579, 583, frame hanger bottom 599, attachment hole sets 582, 584, 586 'and window openings 588 'the window opening 588 is at least partially by the top wall 590, the side walls 592, 594, and The bottom wall 596 is defined. Top wall 590 can be configured as top wall 540, side walls 592, 594 can be configured as side walls 542, 544, respectively, and bottom wall 596 can be configured as bottom wall 546. The attachment hole sets 582, 584 may correspond to respective sets of attachment holes of the respective pads. The flanges 579, 583 each include a respective inner side (shown in Figure 65) and a respective outer side. One or more frame hangings similar to the frame hanger 58 can be used in a suspension assembly comprising two or more frame hangers (eg, the spring suspension assembly 2〇〇 shown in FIG. 22). In one example, the centering spring module 56 of the suspension assembly 200 can be replaced with a frame hanger 58. The leftmost spring mode of the suspension assembly 2 can be replaced with the frame hanger -42-M407848 502 (shown in Figure 64). Group %, and the rightmost spring module 56 of the suspension assembly 200 can be replaced with frame hangers 5〇4 (shown in Figure 63). According to this example, the frame hangers 502, 5〇4, 58〇 may each include a spring mount, a gradient spring rate load pad, and a pair of shear springs. The shear springs are similar to the suspension assembly 200 of FIG. The shear spring shown in the spring module 56. A pad (eg, a pad configured like pad 506) can be placed by placing a set of fasteners through attachment hole sets 509 ' 584 and placing another set of fasteners through attachment hole sets 507, 551 The board) is attached to the frame hangers 502, 580. Similarly, another pad can be placed by placing a set of fasteners through the attachment hole sets 5〇9, 552 and placing another set of fasteners through the attachment hole sets 5〇7, 582 (eg, Attached to the frame hangers 504, 580 as a pad configured with pads 5"6. For any of a variety of reasons, such as repairing and/or replacing one of the frame hangers 502, 504, 580, one or more pads attached to the frame hangers may be attached to the frame hangers Get rid of. In other words, the one or more pads are detachably attached to the frame hangers 502, 504, 580. In an alternative configuration, it can be configured as a frame hanger 58. Each frame hanger replaces all three spring modules of the suspension assembly 200, and the respective pads are detachably attached to each pair of phases Adjacent frame hanging. Next, Fig. 66 illustrates another exemplary frame hanger 6〇4. The frame hanger 6〇4 includes a window-shaped opening π614β(four) wall 644 defined at least in part by the top wall 64〇, the side walls 642, 6 and the bottom wall 646, which may include a cavity (4), and the side wall 642 may include another cavity (not shown) Show). The cavity of the side walls (4), ... can be configured and functioned as the cavity 43 of the M407848. The frame hanger 604 includes outer sidewall portions 645, 647, a pad portion (e.g., flange) 650 that extends away from the outer sidewall portions 645, 647, and a frame hanger bottom wall 641. The pad portion 650 includes a set of attachment holes 652, an inner side (shown in Figure 66), and an outer side. The frame hanger 604 further includes a set of attachment holes 666. The attachment hole set 666 can correspond to a set of attachment holes in the frame rail (e.g., frame holder 52). Any of a variety of fasteners can be inserted through the attachment aperture set 666 and the attachment apertures in the frame rail to attach the frame hanger 604 to the frame holder. Next, FIG. 67 illustrates yet another exemplary frame hanger 602. The frame hanger 602 includes a window opening 612 defined at least in part by the top wall 652, the side walls 654, 656, and the bottom wall 658. Sidewall 654 can include a cavity 660 and sidewall 656 can include another cavity (not shown). The cavities of the side walls 654, 656 can be configured and function as the cavity 92. The frame hanger 602 includes flanges 655, 657 that are positioned on either side of the pad channel 663. The flange 655 includes an attachment aperture set 651 and the flange 657 includes an attachment aperture set 653. The frame hanger 602 further includes a set of attachment holes 664. The set of attachment holes 664 can correspond to a set of attachment holes in the frame (e.g., frame rail 52). Any of a variety of fasteners can be inserted through the attachment aperture set 664 and the attachment apertures in the frame holder to attach the frame hanger 602 to the frame rail. These fasteners can be removed to disengage (e. g., remove) the frame hangers 602, 604 from the frame rail. The suspension assembly (e.g., the suspension assembly 50 shown in Figure 1) can be configured to include the configuration of the frame hangers 602, 604. For example, the leftmost frame hanger assembly 54 can be replaced with a frame hanger 602, and the rightmost frame hanger assembly 54 can be replaced with a frame hanger 604. In this configuration, the end of the pad portion -44. M407848 650 can be inserted into the pad channel 663 such that the set of fasteners can be inserted through the attachment hole sets 651, 652, 653 to cause the frame hanger 6 〇 2 , attached to each other. In the suspension assembly including the frame hangers 602, 604, the frames • hangers 6〇2, 6〇4 may each include a spring mount (eg, spring mount 7〇) gradient spring rate load pad (eg, load pad) 72) and a pair of shears • springs (eg, shear spring 68). In another configuration, the suspension assembly (e.g., suspension assembly 50) can be configured to include configurations of frame hangers 502, 6〇4. For example, the leftmost frame hanger assembly 54 can be replaced with a frame hanger 502, and the rightmost frame hanger assembly 54 can be replaced with a frame hanger .604. In this configuration A, the end of the backing plate P knife 650 can be positioned next to the flange 553 such that the fastener set can be inserted through the attachment hole set 551, 652 to cause the frame hanger 5〇2, 6〇4 Attached to each other. In the hanging book assembly including the rack hangers 502, 6〇4, the frame hangers 502, 6G4 may each include a spring mounting bracket (for example, a spring mounting bracket 7〇), a gradient spring rate load (for example, a load pad). % and a pair of shearing springs (eg 'cutting springs 68). In a further configuration, the suspension assembly (eg 'suspension assembly 50') can be configured to include the following configurations: frame hangings 6〇2: a frame hanger that is a mirror image of the frame hanger 6〇2; and a seesaw that can be inserted into the seesaw channel (6) of the frame hangers and attached to the frame hangers via fastener sets (eg, 'pads The frame attachments of this exemplary configuration may each include a spring mount (eg, 'spring mount 7'), a gradient spring rate load pad (eg, 'load pad 72), and - a f-cut spring (eg, shear) Playback Cyanine (8). Returning to Figure 66', if the seesaw portion 65〇 is located on the left-45-M407848 hand side of the frame hanger 6〇4, the frame hanger 604 can be configured to include the right hand side of the frame hanger 6〇4. The outer side wall portion and the outer side wall portion extending away from the right hand side a pad portion (not shown). In this regard, the right hand side of the frame hanger 6〇4 may be a mirror image of the left hand side of the frame hanger 604. It may be in a suspension assembly including three frame hangers (eg, Figure 22 This configuration of the frame hanger 604 is used within the illustrated suspension assembly. For example, the frame hanger having two pad portions may be a center frame hanger attached to (1) as a frame hanger 502 Or a left side frame hanger that is configured with 602, and a right side frame hanger that is configured as a mirror image of the frame hanger 504 or the frame hanger 602. Or a frame hanger having two pad portions can be attached to the frame hanger 580. The two frame hangers are configured. According to still another exemplary embodiment, the suspension assembly may comprise a single casting comprising: (i) a spring mounting bracket, a gradient spring rate load pad and a pair a first frame hanging portion of the shearing spring; (ii) a second frame hanging portion for accommodating another spring mounting bracket, another gradient spring rate load pad and another pair of shear springs; and (iii) the piece member Extending from the first frame hanger portion to the portion of the second frame hanger portion. For the purposes of this description, the suspension assembly is referred to as a single casting suspension assembly and suspension without a pad or pad portion One benefit of using a single casting suspension assembly is that fewer fasteners and/or smaller fasteners can be used to attach the single casting suspension assembly to the frame rail. Using the suspension assembly 500 This same benefit can also be obtained by using the frame hangers 5, 2, 580 and the backing plate 506 in the suspension assembly or using the frame hangers 602, 604 in the suspension assembly. The suspension assembly 500 can have a single use that cannot be used The casting suspension assembly is obtained at -46-M407848 or at the distance of the evening. As an example, the suspension assembly 5〇〇 allows removal without having to remove and replace one of the frame hangers 502, 504 And replacing another frame hanger of the frame hangers 502, 504, and if it is desired to replace the first frame hanger portion or the second frame hanger portion of the single casting, it may be necessary to replace the entire single casting suspension assembly. As another example, smaller tools can be used to make the frame hangers 502, 504 as compared to larger tools that may be required to make a single casting suspension assembly. The cost of smaller tools can be lower than the cost of larger tools. Other benefits of using a suspension assembly 5 亦 are also possible compared to a single casting suspension assembly. Although the frame hanger illustrated in Figures 64-67 depicts three sets of attachment holes for attaching the frame hanger to the pad or pad portion of another frame hanger, it will be understood by those skilled in the art. Since the attachment hole set of the pad 5〇6 may include more than three holes or three or less holes, the attachment hole set of the frame hangers may also include three or more holes or three or less holes. Next, FIG. 68 illustrates an exemplary suspension assembly 501. Similar to the suspension assembly 500 illustrated in Figure 61, the suspension assembly 501 includes frame hangers 502, 504, a seesaw 506, a movable beam 508, and a mount assembly 510. Additionally, the suspension assembly 501 includes a backing plate 507 on the outer sides of the frame hangers 502, 504. In an alternate embodiment, the pads 506, 507 can be stacked adjacent one another and attached to the inside or outside of the flanges of the frame hangers 502, 504. In this regard, the backing plate 506 can abut the inside or outside flange of the frame hangers 5, 2, 504, and the backing plate 507 can abut the backing plate 506. Next, FIG. 69 illustrates another exemplary pad 995. The backing plate 995 includes a front side having a convex portion 998, 999 that can be used to form a mechanical joint when the backing plate 995 is attached to two frames, 47. M407848 hanging, wherein the two frame hangings include Corresponding concave portions of the mechanical joints. An example of these two frame hangers is shown in the figure. The pad 995 also includes a flat side that can be a flat rear side such as the seesaw 506 shown in FIG. One attachment hole set 996 is located at the convex portion 998 and the other attachment hole set 997 is located at the convex shape portion 999. The attachment hole sets 996, 997 can include through holes that pass from the first side of the pad to the second side. Alternatively, the set of attachment holes 990, 997 may extend only through the portion of the path of the backing plate 995. Attachment Hole Collection State, 997 may be threaded or unthreaded. The seesaw 995 can be symmetrical with respect to a horizontal centerline and a vertical centerline passing through the pad 995. As shown in Figure 69, the attachment aperture sets 996, 997 can each include three apertures. In an alternate embodiment, the set of attachment holes 996, 997 can each include three fewer holes (e.g., one or two holes) or more than three holes. The seesaw 995 can be made from any of a variety of materials. For example, the jaw 995 can be made of steel 'such as high strength low alloy steel. As another example, the seesaw 995 can be made of iron, neon, carbon fiber, or some other material or combination of materials. Xin Next Fig. 70 illustrates exemplary frame hangers 98〇, 981. As illustrated, the frame hanger 980 includes (1) a flange 982, (1) a concave portion 984 that can be used to form a mechanical joint when the seesaw 995 is inserted and/or attached to the frame hanger 98, and (iii) is concave. Some of the attached holes are assembled in the state. Similarly frame hanger 981 includes (1) flange 983, (Η) a concave portion 985 that can be used to form a mechanical joint when the seesaw 995 is attached to the frame hanger 981, and (d) a set of attachment holes 987 at the concave portion 985. . In particular, the mechanical joints can be formed when the male-48-M407848 portions 998, 999 are inserted into the concave portions 984, 985. The flanges 982 ' 983 each include a respective inner side and outer side. Figure 7A illustrates the inside of the flanges 982, 983. In an alternate embodiment, a concave portion similar to the concave portion 984 can be located on the outer side of the flange 982, and another concave portion similar to the concave portion 985 can be located on the outer side of the flange 983. In yet another alternative embodiment, the inner and outer sides of the flange 982 ' 983 may each include a respective concave portion of a mechanical connector, when a pad (such as pad 995) is attached to the frame hanger 980, The inner portion of the 981 and the other backing plate (such as the backing plate 995) are attached to the outer sides of the frame hangers 980, 98 1 to form a plurality of mechanical joints. Similar to the other frame hangers described in this description, the frame hangers 980 981 can each include a window-like opening in which a spring dressing frame, a gradual elastic load pad, and a pair of shear springs can be mounted. . The window openings in the frame hangers 980, 981 can be defined by four walls similar to any of the other frame hangers described in this description. Similar to the other frame hangers described in this description, the frame hangers 980, 981 are removably attached to the frame rail and the frame assembly, which in turn is removably attached to the movable beam. The frame hangers 980, 981 can include attachment hole sets 978, 979, respectively, to provide holes through which fasteners can be inserted for attaching the frame hangers 98, 981 to the frame rails. The seesaw 995 is detachably attached to the frame hangers 9 8 , 981 . Any of a variety of fasteners can be used to attach the pad 995 to the frame hangers 98A, 981. The first side of the pad 995 can be symmetrical ' such that any of the convex portions 998, -49-M407848 999 can abut any of the concave portions 984, 985. When the pad 995 is attached to the frame hangers 980, 981, if it is necessary to remove one of the frame hangers 98, 981 (for example, the frame hanger 980) for any reason, the frame hangers 98 and pads can be self-supported. The plate 995 removes the fasteners used to attach the backing plate to the frame hanger 980 to allow the frame hanger 98 to be removed from the suspension assembly including the frame hangers 980, 981.

The mechanical joint formed by abutting the concave portions 984, 985 adjacent the convex portions 998, 999 can reduce the shear force applied to the fasteners inserted into the attachment hole sets 980, 987, 996, 997. the amount. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, other configurations of mechanical joints formed by pads and frame hangers are also possible. For example, t, another mechanical joint configuration can be performed by using the following: (1) a backing plate 995 including a convex portion 998, a position including a concave portion of the mechanical joint at a position, and (ii) At the location where the frame hangers 980, 981 include the concave portion 98 core 985, the frame hanger of the male portion of the mechanical joint is included. Figure 72 illustrates a backing plate 1()()() containing concave portions (10)i, 1002 that accommodate the convex portions of the two frame hangers to form two mechanical joints. As another example, the concave portion for the mechanical joint may not extend] the end of the backing plate or the end of the frame hanging flange. According to this example, the end of the backing plate or the end of the frame hanger flange may be flat relative to the backing plate or frame hanging flange 4. In this manner, when the fastener is inserted into the tab portion and the set of attachment holes in the concave portion, it can be convex into the concave portion and held in place. This configuration of the concave portion and the convex portion may allow the pad to be attached to the frame hanger more easily. • 50· M407848 Next, FIG. 71 illustrates an exemplary suspension assembly 900. The outer side of the suspension assembly 900 is shown in FIG. The suspension assembly 900 includes frame hangers 902, 904, 906, a frame assembly 204, a movable beam 78, a backing plate 930, and a backing plate 932, wherein the backing plate 930 is attached to adjacent frame hangers 902, 904, and pads The attachment of the plates 932 to adjacent frame hangers 904, 906 » pads 930, 932 can be configured like a seesaw 506, pad 995 or pad 1000.

The frame hangers 902, 904, 906 can each include one or more flanges including respective sets of attachment holes corresponding to the set of attachment holes in the backing plate. As an example, the flanges on the frame hangers 9, 2, 904, 906 can be configured as flanges of the frame hangers 502, 504, 580, 602, 980 or 981. Although FIG. 71 illustrates that the pads 930, 932 are attached to the outside of the frame hangers 902, 904, 906, in an alternative configuration, the pads 93, 932 can be attached to the inside of the frame hangers 902, 904, 906. In yet another alternative configuration, the backing plate can be attached to the inside of the frame hangers 902, 904, 906 and

Outside. In yet another alternative configuration, the respective stacks of pads may be attached to the inside, outside or inside and outside of adjacent frame hangers of the suspension assembly 900. The frame hanger 902 includes a magazine mount 91, a tapered spring rate load pad 912, and shear springs 9A, 914 on opposite sides of the spring frame 910. The frame hanger 9G4 includes a spring mount 917, a graded spring rate load 918, and shear springs 916, 920 on opposite sides of the spring mount 917. The frame hanger 906 includes a magazine mount 928, a graded spring rate load 924, and shears 922, 926 on opposite sides of the spring mount 928. The spring mounts, load jaws and shear springs of the frame hangers can be configured as described in (4) Material-Frame Hangings • 51· M407848 Any spring mount, load pad and shear spring are configured. The mount assembly 204 is removably attached to the spring mounts by one or more fasteners at each of the spring mounts 91, 917, 928. The mount assembly 204 of Figure 71 can be configured as the mount assembly 204 shown in Figure 22. Similarly, the movable beam 78 of Figure 71 can be configured as the movable beam 78 shown in Figure 22. As shown in Figure 71, the suspension assembly 900 is attached to the [rail 52] via a plurality of fasteners. The suspension assembly can be removed from the frame rail 52 for servicing the suspension assembly 900. Alternatively, the individual 4 knives of the suspension assembly 9 can be removed from the frame rail 52 while the other portions of the suspension assembly 9 保持 remain attached to the frame rail 52. For example, the frame hangers 9〇4 can be removed from the frame rail 52 and the suspension assembly 900 by: (1) removing the pads 93〇, 932; (1) removing the spring mounts of the frame hangers 904 Fasteners attached to the mount assembly 2〇4; and (in) removing fasteners for attaching the frame hangers 9〇4 to the frame rails 52. In an alternate embodiment, the suspension assembly 9 can be modified to include one or more additional frame hangers. In the modified suspension assembly, the frame assembly 204 can be extended to reach the leftmost frame hanger and the rightmost frame hanger. Additionally, in this modified suspension assembly, one or more additional pads may be added such that the - seesaw is attached to each adjacent pair of frame hangers. 3. Exemplary Operational Characteristics Figure 24As is a graphical representation of the operational characteristics that can be obtained for the particular embodiment of the heart hanger of the type illustrated in Figures 1, 22 and 23, respectively. Figure 24A illustrates the suspension tripping of the suspension as a function of vertical deflection. As shown, the number of -52-M407848 is initially substantially linear, and its gradual increase begins to gradually decrease as the load increases. Figure (10) illustrates a graphical table (10) of other operational characteristics that can be obtained for a particular embodiment of the suspension of the type illustrated in Figure _, Figure 22, and the description of the Figure. (4) Spring rate as a function of the suspension load of the suspension. As shown, the pendant has a bouncing rate that increases continuously with load (curve... discontinuity). In addition, due to the gradient bombs used in these suspensions

The preferred pyramid shape of the spring load pad 72 increases the spring rate nearly linearly as the load increases. As with the condition of the elastomeric spring suspension with the auxiliary spring, there is no abrupt change in the vertical spring rate. These operational characteristics are similar to those exhibited by air suspensions (not mechanical suspensions of this type). Therefore, these suspensions exhibit excellent roll stability without compromising the quality of the line.

Figure 54 up to vertical deflection illustrates a graphical representation of similar operational characteristics that can be obtained for embodiments using the suspensions described herein. In this regard, "the use of such suspensions" refers to the use of the described suspension on both the left and right sides of the vehicle. Figure 54 illustrates the suspension bounce load as a function of vertical deflection. As shown, this function is initially substantially linear, which gradually increases until the amount of vertical deflection begins to gradually decrease as the load increases. Line 54A is directed to an embodiment of the suspension frame 50 illustrated in FIG. Lines 54B, 54C, and 54D are directed to embodiments that use a suspension that includes a frame hanger assembly 33A. For lines 54B, 54C, and 54D, load pad 348 includes stiffness plate 402' and pad material 404 has a durometer of 7 inches. For line 54B, a shimming pad -53-M407848 (shim plate) (or a plurality of shim plates equal to 0.5 angstrom) is inserted between the load pad 348 and the spring mount 346. For line 54C, a 0.25 inch interstitial month (or a plurality of shims of 0.25 inch) is inserted between the load pad 348 and the spring mount 346. For line 54D, a shim is not inserted between load pad 348 and spring mount 346. Lines 54E, 54F, and 54G are directed to embodiments that use a suspension that includes a frame hanger assembly 33A. For lines 54E, 54F, and 54G, the load 使用 used within frame hanger assembly 330 does not include a stiffness plate' but the height of the load 相同 is the same as the height of load pad 348 used in the embodiments of lines 54B, 54C, and 54D. In this regard, the frame hanger assembly can be used with the load pad 72. For lines 54E, 54F and 54G, the hardness of the load pad material is 65. For line 54E, a 填5吋 shim (or a plurality of shims of 0.5 )) is inserted between the load pad and the spring mount. For the wire 54F', a 0.25 inch shims (or a plurality of shims of 〇25吋) are inserted between the load pad and the spring mount. For line 54G, a shim is not inserted between the load pad and the spring mount. The suspension spring rate can be customized with the suspension beating load to achieve the desired ride quality. For example, for each of the suspension embodiments of the system illustrated in Figures 22, 23, and 26, a shim may be inserted between the mounting bracket and the load ports 72, 348 or Multiple shims. The shims increase the operating height of the load ports 72, 348 such that loading of the load pads &amp; (4) is better for lighter loads than loading the load ports 72, 348 when the shims are not used. The shim is of the same shape and size as the substrate used in the load cassette 72 348. In this way, a fastener for attaching the load pad 72 348 or a fastener that may be longer -54· M407848 can be used to secure the shim between the mounting bracket and the load pad. Additionally, a given suspension may be provided and/or provided with, but not limited to, having and/or providing one or more of the following features in accordance with a given embodiment: (1) The rate of spring that increases continuously as the load applied to a given suspension increases (curve and no discontinuities); (ii) as applied to helium, the load on the differential hanger increases and is nearly linear Increased spring rate; (iH) due to the extremely small inter-axle brake load transfer caused by the pivot point generated at the center lining of the equalizing beam attached indirectly to the frame hanger 3〇〇 or 33〇 / or improved joint connection; (iv) minimal or no tensile loading of one or more springs of a given suspension; (smart due to the number of fasteners minus ^, reduced fastener preload The critical mechanical joint and improved durability obtained by the elimination of tensile loading in one or more springs of a given suspension; (Vi) good driving quality on a lightly loaded chassis without sacrificing Roll stability under rated chassis load; (vii) for tire chain use System, and (viii) a sudden change in spring rate when a vehicle using a given suspension encounters a medium to large road condition or operating condition change that is not attributed to the engagement or disengagement of the auxiliary spring. EXAMPLES of Embodiments Additional embodiments are described in the following clauses enclosed in parentheses. (1) A load pad for a suspension system, the load pad comprising: a pad portion including a given material; and a substrate And having a top side, a bottom side and a plurality of edges, wherein the pad portion extends away from the top side of the substrate and has at least one vertical section having two beveled edges. -55- M407848 (2) as stated in the clause (1) (3) Load pad, body material as in clause (1) (4) For the load pad of clause (1), the following group of materials consists of formic acid vinegar. Including a load pad in which the given material comprises: (i) a urethane (5) such as clause (1), (2), (3) or (4), bonded to the substrate An elastomer-viscoelastic one selected from the group consisting of 'and (ii) polyamines in which the mat is partially viscous

(6) The load pad of clause (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5) wherein the 塾 portion is pyramid-shaped and has a face parallel to the top side of the substrate. (7) A load pad as in clause (1), (7), (3), (4), (5) or (6),

Wherein the portion of the top side, the portion of the bottom side, and portions of the plurality of edges are used to hold the core support of the substrate during manufacture of the load pad and wherein the given material covers all but the center of the support The substrate. (8) In the case of clause (1), (2), (3), (4) ' (5), (phantom or (7) load pad, where the load pad comprises a plurality of horizontal sections, and each of the levels is worn Have a common shape and a different size. (9) If the load of the clause (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) or (8) 塾The common shape is a rectangle. (1〇) as in the terms (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) or (8) load 塾 'where the common shape (11) A load pad for a suspension system. The load pad comprises: -56 - M407848 a first pad portion; a second pad portion; a substrate having a top side and a bottom side And a stiffness plate having a top side and a bottom side, wherein the top side of the substrate is parallel to the top side of the stiffness board, and the middle portion of the middle portion extends away from the top side of the substrate and The at least one vertical section has two oblique edges, and wherein the second pad portion is located between the substrate and the bottom side of the rigidity plate. (12) The load pad of clause (Η), wherein the substrate is on the substrate The top side and the a plurality of edges between the bottom sides of the substrate, wherein the stiffness plate has a plurality of edges between the top side of the stiffness plate and the bottom side of the stiffness plate, wherein the second pad portion covers the substrate The plurality of edges, the bottom side of the substrate, and the plurality of edges of the stiffness plate, and wherein the second pad portion contacts the first pad portion. (13) A load pad as in clause (11) or (12) The substrate includes at least one ear portion having a respective mounting hole, and wherein the load pad is insertable into the respective hole of one of the spring mounting brackets via a hole inserted through each of the ear portions Each of the fasteners is attached to the spring mount. (14) The load pad of clause (11), (12) or (13), wherein the substrate is bonded to the second pad portion, and • 57· M407848 The rigidity plate is bonded to the first pad portion and the second pad portion. (15) The load pad of clause (11), (12), (13) or (14), wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of The materials of each group are made of: (1) iron, (ii) steel, (iii) aluminum, (iv) plastic, and (v)-re a composite material, and wherein the stiffness plate is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: (1) iron, (ii) steel, (iii) aluminum, (iv) plastic, and (v)-composite. (16) The load pad of clause (11), (12), (13), (14) or (15), wherein the first pad portion and the second pad portion are elastomeric. (17) The load pad of (11), (12), (13), (14), (15) or (16), wherein the first pad portion and the second pad portion are held by a substrate And an elastomer in the mold of the stiffness plate is formed. (18) The load pad of clause (11), (12), (13), (14) or (15), wherein the first pad portion and the second pad portion are selected from the group consisting of: The group of materials is made of: (i) a viscoelastic material, (ii) an amino phthalate, and (iii) a polyurethane. (19) The load pad of clause (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17) or (18), wherein the first pad portion has one with one Flatten the general pyramid shape of the top surface. (20) The load pad of clause (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18) or (19), wherein the load pad comprises a plurality A horizontal section, and each of the horizontal sections has a common shape and a respective size. (21) The load pad of clause (2), wherein the common shape is a rectangle. • 58. M407848 (22) The load pad of clause (20), wherein the common shape is a rectangle. (23) A suspension assembly comprising: a spring housing having a first inner wall and a second inner wall; a first shear spring; a second shear spring; and a spring mount; Wherein the first shear spring is between the first inner wall and the spring mount

The second shear spring is held in a compressed state by being held in a compressed state and held between the second inner wall and the spring mount. The suspension assembly of clause (23), wherein the first shearing spring includes a first end portion and a second end portion, wherein the second shear spring includes a first end portion and a second end portion, wherein the magazine mounting frame comprises a first mounting frame cavity, wherein the first inner wall comprises a first wall cavity

Wherein the second inner wall includes a second wall cavity, wherein the first inner portion of the first shearing magazine is located in the first wall cavity, wherein the first shear spring is the first volume Inside the cavity, wherein the second shearing spring is in the first cavity, and wherein the second shearing spring is in the first cavity. One end portion may be located at the first mounting bracket - the end portion may be located in the second wall cavity, a canister is located in the second mounting bracket, 59. M407848 (25), as in clause (23) or (24) The suspension assembly includes a plurality of through holes, and wherein the suspension assembly is attached to the frame via a plurality of U-bolts disposed above a frame rail and passing through the plurality of through holes. (26) The suspension assembly of (24) or (25), further comprising: a frame hanger comprising a lower wall and a side wall, wherein the lower wall comprises a configuration of a given pattern a plurality of through holes, wherein the spring housing includes a plurality of holes configured to the given pattern, wherein the frame hangers are inserted into the holes of the lower wall and the holes of the spring case A fastener is attached to the spring housing, and wherein the spring housing is attachable to the frame rail via fasteners that are inserted into the through holes of the side wall and the through holes of a frame rail. (27) The suspension card assembly of clause (26), further comprising: another spring housing 'attached to the frame hanger, wherein the other spring housing includes another first inner wall, another second Inner wall, another spring mount 'another first shear spring and another second shear spring, wherein the other first shear spring is between the other first inner wall and the other magazine mount Retained in a compressed state, and wherein the other second shear spring is held in a compressed state between the other second inner wall and the other spring mount. (28) The suspension assembly of clause (23), (24), (25), (26) or (27), further comprising: M407848 a load pad mounted to the spring mount. (29) The suspension assembly of clause (28), wherein the load pad comprises an elastomeric gradient spring rate load pad. (30) The suspension assembly of clause (28), wherein the load pad comprises an elastomer portion, the elastomer portion having a pyramid shape having a flattened top surface. (31) The suspension assembly of clause (30), wherein the spring housing further comprises a top wall having a curved top configuration, and wherein the flattening top surface is applied when a load is applied to the load Touch the dome configuration. (32) in the case of clause (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), (3〇) or (31), which further includes a first mount assembly; and a second mount assembly, wherein the spring mount includes a first mount interface and a second mount interface, wherein the first mount assembly is at the first Attached to the spring mount at the mount interface, and wherein the first mount assembly is attached to the spring mount at the second mount interface. (33) The suspension assembly of clause (32), wherein the first mount interface includes - one of the first mechanical joints has a concave portion at a given angle, • 61 - M407848 wherein the second seat The shelf interface forms a concave portion of the second mechanical joint having the given angle, wherein the first mount assembly includes a convex portion of the first mechanical joint having the given angle, and wherein the first The two mount assembly includes a convex portion of the second mechanical joint having the given angle. (34) The suspension assembly of clause (33), wherein the given angle is between 120 degrees and 18 degrees. (35) The suspension assembly of clause (32), further comprising: - an equalizing beam 'attached to (1) the first mount assembly, (ii) the second mount assembly, (iii) one The first axis and (iv) - the second axis. (36) A modular suspension system comprising: a first suspension assembly as described in clause (23); and a second suspension assembly as described in clause (23). (37) Modular suspension systems such as clauses (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28), (29), (3 〇) or (3 1), The method further includes: a first mount assembly; and a second mount assembly; wherein the first mount assembly is attached to a first position on one of the spring mounts of the first suspension assembly And attaching to a first position on the spring hanger of the second suspension assembly, and wherein the second mount assembly is attached to the spring mount of the first suspension assembly a second position 'and attached to a second position on the spring mount of the second pendant assembly. M407848 (38) The modular suspension system of clause (37), further comprising: a first equalization beam attached to the first mount assembly and the second mount assembly, The first equalization beam can be attached to a first axis and a second axis. (39) The modular suspension system of clause (38), further comprising: - a third suspension assembly as described in clause (23); - a fourth suspension as described in clause (23) a suspension assembly; a third frame assembly; a fourth frame assembly; and a second equalizing beam attached to the third frame assembly and the fourth frame assembly; wherein the a three-seat assembly attached to a first position on one of the third suspension assemblies and attached to a first position on one of the spring assemblies of the fourth suspension assembly Wherein the fourth mount assembly is attached to a second position on the spring mount of the third suspension assembly and attached to the spring female 'assembly of the fourth suspension assembly a second position, and wherein the second equalization beam is attachable to the first axis and the second axis. (4) The modular suspension system of clause (37), (38) or (39), further comprising: a first load pad mounted to the spring suspension of the first suspension assembly And a second load pad mounted on the spring mount of the second suspension assembly. A modular suspension system according to clause (40), wherein the first load pad comprises a first elastomeric load; and wherein the second load pad comprises a second elastomeric load private school. (42) The modular suspension system of clause (41), wherein the first elastomeric load pad has a gradual spring rate during loading of the first elastomeric load pad, and wherein the second elastomeric load pad There is a gradual spring rate during loading of the second elastomer load. (43) The modular suspension system of clause (40), wherein the first load pad comprises a first viscoelastic load pad; and wherein the second load pad comprises a second viscoelastic load pad. (44) The modular suspension system of clause (43), wherein the first viscoelastic load pad has a graded spring rate during loading of the first viscoelastic load pad, and wherein the second viscoelasticity The body load pad has a graded spring rate during loading of the second viscoelastic load pad. (100) A device comprising: a top side; a bottom side; an inner side comprising a first frame interface; an outer side comprising a second frame interface; a front side comprising a first a cavity, and a rear cavity, wherein the first cavity is configured to receive a first elastic crystal, and wherein the second cavity is capable of standing, &amp;, And to accommodate a second spring. (101) The apparatus of clause (1), wherein the first-seat interface is partially separated by a first apex, a first inclined plane extending away from the S* vertex toward the 刖 side, and a distance away from the a first slanted plane extending from the first = point toward the rear side; and wherein the first cradle interface is partially by a second apex, a third inclined plane extending away from the apex toward the other side, and - defined by a fourth inclined plane that extends away from the second apex toward the rear side. (102) The device of clause (1, 1), wherein the first vertex, the first inclined plane, and the second inclined plane form a first mechanical joint - the eyepiece ^ v ^ ^ has an angle a concave portion, wherein the angle is between 120 degrees and 180 degrees, and wherein the second apex, the sinusoidal _ /sw &quot; ° second inclined plane and the fourth inclined plane form a second mechanical joint _ ^ A concave portion having an angle, wherein the angle is between 120 degrees and 180 degrees. (102A) The device of clause (102), wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint has an angle of 16 degrees; and wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint has a degree (102B) The device of clause (102) wherein the (four) portion of the first mechanical joint is warp to receive a convex portion of the first mechanical joint, wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is located Attaching to the first mount of the device -65. M407848, wherein the concave portion of the second mechanical joint is configured to receive a convex portion of the first mechanical joint, wherein the second mechanical joint The convex portion is located on a second mount attached to the device. (103) The device of clause (1〇2B), wherein the first vertex comprises a lightening to apply to the first mechanical joint a first fillet of stress, and wherein the first apex includes a second fillet for mitigating a stress applied to the second mechanical joint. (103A) A device as in clause (1〇3), one of One of the vertices of the mount fastened to the inner side of the device includes a strip, The strip is larger than the first fill strip to prevent the first fillet from contacting the mount that is fastened to the inner side of the device, and wherein one of the vertices of the mount fastened to the outer side of the device includes a fillet The j-shaped strip is larger than the second fillet to prevent the second fillet from contacting the mount that is fastened to the outer side of the device. (103B) The device of the clause (1〇2B) or (1〇3) One of the vertices of the mount secured to the inner side of the device has been severed to prevent the first apex from contacting the mount secured to the inner side of the device, and wherein the device is secured to the device One of the outer vertices of the mount has been cut to prevent the second vertex from contacting the mount secured to the outside of the device. • 66· M407848 (104) as in clause (100), (ιοί), ( 102), (1〇2A), (1〇2B), (103), (103A) or (1〇3B), wherein one of the bottom sides is located between the front side and the rear side and is located on the inner side The portion between the outer side and the outer side forms a half-circle. (105) As in the terms (1〇〇), (101), (1〇2), (1〇2A), (1〇2B), The apparatus of (103), (103A), (103B) or (104), wherein the apparatus includes a first aperture extending from the top side to the first mount interface, wherein the apparatus includes a top side Extending to a second aperture of the second mount interface, wherein the first aperture is configured to receive a for retaining a load pad to the first top side surface and for retaining a first mount to a first fastener of the first mount interface, and wherein the second aperture is configured to receive a for retaining the load pad to the first top side surface and for retaining a second mount to a second fastener of the second mount interface. (106) as in the terms (1〇〇), (101), (1〇2), (1〇2A), (1〇2B), (103), ( A device of 103A), (103B), (104) or (105), wherein the device is made of a material selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, aluminum, and carbon fibers. (107) A device such as clause (100), (101), (102), (102A), (102B), (103), (1〇3Α), (103B), (104) or (105), wherein The device is made of ductile iron. (108) For example (1〇〇), (101), (1〇2), (1〇2A), (1〇2B), ·67· M407848 (103), (103A), (103B), ( 104) The apparatus of (105), (106) or (107), wherein the first spring comprises a first shear spring, the first shear spring comprises a first elastomer load block and is located at the first Two plates on opposite ends of the load block, and wherein the second spring includes a second shear spring, the second shear spring includes a second elastomer load block and the second load block Two plates on opposite ends. (109) For example (1〇〇), (ιοί), (1〇2), (1〇2A), (1〇2B) ' (103), (103A), (103B), (104), ( 105) The apparatus of (106) or (107), wherein the first spring comprises a plurality of elastomeric load blocking blocks and a plurality of plates, wherein each of the first springs is loaded by one of the first springs The block is separated, wherein the second spring comprises a plurality of elastomeric load blocks and a plurality of plates, and wherein each of the second springs is separated by a load block of the second spring. (110) For the terms (100), (101), (1〇2), (1〇2Α), (ι〇2Β), (103), (ι〇3Α), (ι〇3Β), (104) The device of (1〇5), (1〇6), (ι〇7), (108) or (109), wherein the compression of the first spring maintains the first spring in the first cavity and Located between a third cavity in a spring housing, and • 68- M407848 wherein compression of the second magazine maintains the second spring in the second cavity and a fourth in the spring housing Between the chambers. (in) as in clauses (100), (101), (102), (102A), (102B), (103), (103A), (103B), (104), (1〇5), (1) 6), (1〇7), (108), (109) or (no) device, wherein the first cavity provides vertical and horizontal retention of the first spring, and wherein the second cavity provides The vertical and horizontal holding force of the second spring. (112) For example (100), (101), (1〇2), (1〇2A), G〇2B), (1〇3), (ι〇3Α), (103B), (104), a device of (1〇5), (1〇6), 〇〇7), (108) or (1〇9), wherein compression of the first spring maintains the first spring in the first cavity and Located between the third cavity of a frame hanger, and wherein the compression of the second spring maintains the second spring between the second cavity and a fourth cavity located in the frame hanger. (113) The device of clause (112), wherein the first cavity provides vertical and horizontal retention of the first spring, and wherein the second cavity provides vertical and horizontal retention of the second spring. (U4) A device comprising: - a top side 'where the top side includes a first top side surface, a second top side surface, and a third top side surface, wherein the second top side surface and the first The top surface of the three top-69-M407848 is located below the first top side surface; a bottom side; an inner side including a first mount interface; an outer side including a second mount interface; a front side including a first cavity; and a rear side, comprising a second cavity, wherein the first cavity is configured to receive a first magazine, and wherein the second cavity is configured to be received A second bullet. (115) The device of clause (114), wherein the top side further comprises a fourth top side surface and a fifth top side surface. wherein the first top side surface is located on the fourth top side surface and the fifth Between the top side surfaces, and wherein the fourth top side surface and the fifth top side surface are located above the first top side surface. (calling) the device of clause (114) or (1) 5), wherein the first top surface has been provided to the evening mounting hole, and the at least one mounting opening is configured to receive - for holding the load Individual fasteners to the first top side surface. (117) The device of clause (114), (115) or (116), :: the first mount interface is partially by a - apex, a first inclined plane extending away from the front side and - Separating from the second inclined plane extending toward the rear side of the first direction, and wherein the second surface of the second surface is partially extended by the second vertex, away from the first vertex toward the front side The inclined plane and a fourth inclined plane extending away from the apex of the M407848 toward the rear side are defined. (118) The apparatus of clause (117), wherein the first vertex, the first inclined plane, and the second inclined planar mechanical joint have an angled concave portion, wherein the angle is 120 degrees And 18 degrees, and wherein the second vertex, the third inclined plane, and the fourth inclined plane

One of the first mechanical joints has an angled concave portion, wherein the angle is between 120 and 180 degrees. (119) The device of clause (118), wherein the concave portion of the (four)-mechanical joint has a degree of "10 degrees"; and wherein the concave portion of the second mechanical joint has an angle of 16 degrees ( 120) as in the device of clause (118),

The concave portion of the first mechanical joint is configured to receive a ΰ-shaped portion of the mechanical joint, wherein the first mechanical joint has a ^ ^ κ _ 砟 位于 located at a first attachment to the device On the mount, and wherein the concave shape of the second mechanical joint pulls the U core. The split is configured to receive a convex portion of the second mechanical access, the shaped portion being located on a second mount that is attached to the second mechanical joint of the device. (120A) The apparatus of clause (117), wherein the first mechanical splicing includes a first fillet for applying a stress applied to the first M407848 head, and wherein the second apex A second fillet for mitigating a stress applied to the second mechanical joint is included. (120B) The device of clause (12A), wherein - one of the vertices of the mount secured to the inner side of the device includes a fillet that is larger than the first fillet to prevent the first insert The strip contacts the mount that is fastened to the inner side of the device, and wherein - one of the vertices of the mount fastened to the outer side of the device includes a fill strip that is larger than the second fill strip to prevent the strip The second panel contacts the mount that is fastened to the outside of the δH device. (120C) The device of clause (12〇) or (12〇Α), wherein the apex of the mount fastened to the inner side of the device has been severed to prevent the first vertex from contacting the device to the device The inside of the mount, and the apex of the mount secured to the outer side of the device has been severed to prevent the second apex from contacting the mount secured to the outer side of the device. (121) The device of clause (114), (115), (116), (117) or (118), wherein the device is symmetrical such that the first mount interface is attached to a first mount The second mount interface can be attached to a second mount, and if the first mount interface is attached to the second mount, the second mount can be attached to the first mount . (122) as in clauses (114), (115), (116), (117), (118), (119), (119Α), (120), (120Α), (120Β), (120C) or 121)-72- M407848 device, wherein the first spring includes a first shear spring, the first shear spring includes a first elastomer load block and is located at an opposite end of the first load block Two plates, and wherein the second spring includes a second shear spring, the second shear spring includes a second elastomer load block and two on opposite ends of the second load block board. (123) as provided in clauses (114), (115), (116), (117), (ι18), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (120C), 121) The apparatus of (122), further comprising: a first aperture 'extending from the second top side surface to the first mount interface; and a second aperture 'from the third top side a surface extending to the second mount interface, wherein the first aperture is configured to receive a first fastener for attaching a first mount to the device at the first mount interface, and The second aperture is configured to receive a second fastener for attaching a second mount to the device at the second mount interface. (124) as provided in clauses (114), (115), (116), (117), (118), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (i20C), 121) The device of (122) or (123) wherein a portion of the bottom side is located between the front side and the rear side and a portion between the inner side and the outer side forms a semicircular arch. (125) as provided in clause (114) '(115), (116), (i17), (us), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (120C), ( 121) The apparatus of 73-M407848 (122), (123) or (124), wherein the apparatus is made of a material selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, aluminum, and carbon fibers. (126) as provided in clauses (114), (115) ' (116), (117), (118), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (120C), 121) The device of (122), (123) or (124), wherein the device is made of ductile iron. (127) as provided in clauses (114), (115), (116), (117), (118), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (120C), 121) The apparatus of (122), (123), (124), (125) or (126), wherein the first spring comprises a plurality of elastomeric load blocking blocks and a plurality of plates, wherein each of the first springs a plate is separated by a load block of the first spring, wherein the second spring comprises a plurality of elastomer load block and a plurality of plates, and wherein each of the second springs is by the second One of the springs is loaded with a block that separates. (128) For example (114), (115), (116), (117), (Π8), (119), (119A) '(120) ' (120A), (120B), (120C), ( 121) The apparatus of (122), (123), (124), (125), (126) or (127), wherein the compression of the first spring maintains the first spring in the first cavity and Located between a third cavity in a spring housing, and wherein compression of the second spring maintains the second spring between the second cavity and a fourth cavity in the spring housing. M407848 (129) as provided in clauses (114), (115), (116), (117), (118), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (120C), (121), (122), (123), (124), (125), (126) ' (127) or (128), wherein the first cavity provides vertical and horizontal levels to the first spring Retaining force, and wherein the second cavity provides vertical and horizontal retention of the second spring. (130) as provided in clauses (114), (115), (Π6), (Π7), (118), (119), (119A), (120), (120A), (120B), (120C), 121) The device of (122), (123), (124), (125), (126) or (127), wherein the compression of the first spring maintains the first spring in the first cavity and And a compression of the second spring between the second cavity and a fourth cavity located in the frame hanger. (131) The apparatus of clause (130), wherein the first chamber provides vertical and horizontal retention of the first spring, and wherein the second chamber provides vertical and horizontal retention of the butt and the first spring ( 150) A device comprising: 1 'hanging material comprising a frame rail interface, wherein the frame rail is configured for attaching the frame hanger to a frame rail; a top wall; -75- M407848 one bottom a first side wall; and a second side wall; wherein the top wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall and the second side wall each include a respective inner side, and wherein the top wall and the bottom wall The inner side of the first side wall and the second side wall define an opening in the frame hanger. (151) The device of clause (150) wherein a portion of the inner side of the top wall has a concave dome shape. (152) The device of clause (150) or (151), wherein the inner side of the first side wall includes a first cavity, the first system is operable to receive a first spring An inner end of the second side wall of the second side wall includes a second cavity operable to receive a first end of the second spring. (153) The device of clause (152), wherein the first spring comprises a first shear spring, the first shear spring comprising a first elastomeric load block and the opposite of the first load block Two plates on the end, and wherein the second spring includes a second shear spring, the second shear spring includes a first elastomer load block and an opposite portion of the second load block Two boards. (154) The device of clause (150), (151), (152) or (153), wherein the frame rail interface includes a set of attachment holes configured to receive a A frame hanger is attached to the set of fasteners of the frame rail. -76- M407848

a load pad attached to the spring mount, wherein the load pad and the spring mount are operable to contact the inner side of the top wall with the load pad, and (155) as provided in clauses (150), (151) The device of (152), (153) or (154) further comprising: a damper, wherein at least a portion of the damper is attached to the inner side of the bottom wall. (156) The device of clause (155), wherein the damper comprises an elastomeric material and the damper is attached to the inner side of the bottom wall via an adhesive. (157) The device of clause (15〇), (151), (154), (155) or (156), further comprising: a spring mount comprising a first portion on an opposite side of the spring mount a first cavity and a second cavity; and a second shear spring comprising a first end and a second end The inner side of the first side wall includes a third cavity, and the inner side of the first side wall includes a fourth cavity, wherein the first end of the first shear spring is located at the first portion The second end of the cavity = the first shearing spring is located in the third cavity, and: the first end of the first shearing spring is located in the second cavity &lt;first The second end of the shear spring is located within the fourth volume. (158) The apparatus of clause (157), further comprising: moving such that the load pad is operable to compress when the load pad contacts the inner side -77·M407848 j of the top wall. (159) The device of clause (150), (151), (152), (i53), (i54), (155), (156), (157) or (158) further comprising a flange including a first set of attachment holes configured to attach a first backing plate to the first flange, wherein the first flange extends away from an outer side of the first side wall, And wherein the first pad is attachable to a second frame hanger. (160) The device of clause (159), further comprising: a second flange comprising a second set of attachment holes configured to attach a second backing plate to the second flange Wherein the second flange extends away from an outer side of the second side wall and wherein the second backing plate is attachable to a third frame hanger. (161) The device of clause (159), wherein the first flange comprises a concave portion, and the first jaw comprises a convex portion, and the recess is when the edge of the _4 abuts the first pad The shaped portion receives the convex portion to form a mechanical joint. (162) The device of clause (159), wherein the first flange includes a convex portion, and the first backing plate includes a concave portion, and wherein the first flange abuts the first backing plate, The concave portion receives the convex portion to form a mechanical joint. (163) The device of clause (150), (151), 〇52), (i53), (154), (155), (156), (157) or (158) further comprising: -78- M407848 a first flange comprising: a first set of attachment holes; and a first flange comprising a second set of attachment holes, wherein the set of attachment holes and the second set of attachment holes are grouped a state for attaching a first backing plate to the first flange and the second flange, wherein the first flange and the second flange extend away from an outer side of the first side wall, and wherein the The first pad can be attached to a second frame hanger. (164) The device of clause (150), (151), (152), (153), (154), (155), (156), (157) or (158), further comprising: a first a flange comprising a first set of attachment holes; wherein the first flange extends away from an outer side of the first side wall, wherein the first set of attachment holes is configured for attaching the first flange Attached to a flange extending away from an outer sidewall of one of the second frame hangers. (165) as provided in clauses (150), (151), (152), (153), (154), (155), (156), (157), (158), (159), (160), 161) The apparatus of (162), (163) or (164), wherein the top wall comprises the frame hanger and the frame rail interface, and wherein attachment of the frame hanger to the frame rail occurs in one of the frame rails At the bottom side. (166) A device comprising: a spring housing including a top wall, a bottom wall, a first side wall and a second side wall; and a first frame hanger comprising a frame rail interface Wherein the frame rail interface is configured to attach the first frame hanger -79. M407848 to a first frame rail and the spring housing, wherein the top wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall, and the The second side walls each include a respective inner side, and wherein the inner sides of the top wall, the bottom wall, the first side wall and the second side wall define an opening in the spring housing. 067) The device of clause (166), wherein - or a plurality of depressions are formed into the outer side of the top wall to reduce the weight of one of the elastomeric shells (β) as in clause (166) or (167) Wherein the spring housing includes a first set of attachment holes, wherein the first frame hanger includes a second set of attachment holes, wherein the first set of attachment holes matches the second set of attachment holes to allow A set of fasteners is inserted into the first set of attachment holes and the second set of attachment holes to secure the spring housing to the first frame hanger. (169) The device of clause (168), wherein the first frame hanger comprises a third set of attachment holes, the third set of attachment holes matching one of the first frame rails - a set of attachment holes τ In order to allow the other set of fasteners to be inserted into the set of third attachment holes and the set of distal-attach holes in the busy rack rail to secure the first pivot mount to the first frame rail. (170) The device of clause (168), wherein the first frame hanger comprises a fourth set of attachment holes, the fourth attachment hole set matching one of the second attachment hole sets of the first frame rail To allow the insertion of the third fastener set into the fourth set of attachment holes and the second set of attachment holes in the 'C holder' to secure the first frame hanger to the first frame The rail, and/or the second set of attachment holes in the first frame rail are located at the bottom of the first frame holder, and wherein the fourth attachment aperture set is located in the top wall. (2) If the device of the strip (166), (167) ' (168), (169) or (17〇) = the first frame hanger can be removed from the spring housing, such that a frame hanger can be Attached to the spring housing instead of the first frame hanger. (172) The device of clause (171), wherein the first frame hanger comprises a lower wall and a vertical wall, wherein the second frame hanger comprises a lower wall and a vertical wall and wherein the vertical wall of the second frame hanger A height is greater than or less than a height of the vertical wall of the first frame hanger. (173) The device of clause (171), wherein the first frame hanger comprises a vertical wall and a bottom wall, wherein the vertical wall comprises - a first attachment hole set, and the bottom wall includes a second attachment hole The second frame hanger includes a vertical wall and a bottom wall, wherein the vertical wall includes a third attachment hole set, and the bottom wall includes a fourth attachment hole set, ', the spring case The top wall includes a fifth set of attachment holes that match the second set of attachment holes and the fourth set of attachment holes for attaching the spring case to the first a frame hanger or the frame hanger, a M407848 wherein the first attachment aperture set - the pattern is different from the one of the third attachment aperture set, wherein the pattern of the first attachment aperture set matches the first A pattern of one of the attachment holes in the frame rail, and wherein the pattern of the second set of attachment holes matches a pattern of one of the attachment holes in a second frame rail. (174) The device of clause (166), (167), (168), (169), (17〇), (171), (172) or (173) wherein at least a portion of the inner side of the top wall It has a concave dome shape. Lu (175) The apparatus of clause U66), (167), (168), (169), (170), (171), (172), (173) or (174), wherein the first side wall The inner side includes a first cavity, the first cavity is operable to receive a first end of the first spring, and wherein the inner side of the second side wall includes a second cavity, the second cavity The first end of one of the second springs is operable to receive. (176) The device of clause (175), wherein the first spring includes a first shear spring, the first shear spring includes a first elastomeric load block and is located opposite the first load block Two plates on the end, and wherein the second spring includes a second shear spring, the second shear spring includes a second elastomeric load block and is located on the opposite end of the second load block Two boards. (177) The device of clause (66), (167), (169), (170), (171), (172), (173) or (174), further comprising: • 82- M407848 a spring mounting bracket, comprising: a first shearing spring on the opposite side of the magazine-first cavity and a second cavity; the first shear spring comprises a first---- Xu Wei And a second end portion; and a basin = a shearing magazine comprising a first end portion and a second end portion; wherein the inner side of the first side wall comprises a third cavity, wherein the second portion The inner side of the side wall includes a fourth cavity.

The first end of the shearing bullet* is located in the cavity, and the second end of the first shearing spring is located in the third cavity, and = the second of the second shearing spring The end portion is located in the second cavity, and the second end of the second shear spring is located in the fourth cavity. (H8) The apparatus of clause (177), further comprising: a load pad attached to the spring mount, wherein the load cassette and the spring mount are operable to move such that the load pad contacts the top wall The inner side, and wherein the load port is operable to compress when the load pad contacts the inner side of the top wall. (179) as provided in clauses (166), 〇67), (168), (169), (171) (172), (173), (174), (175), (176), (177) or 178) The apparatus, further comprising: a damper, wherein at least a portion of the damper is attached to the inner side of the bottom wall. (180) The device of clause (179), wherein the damper comprises an elastomeric material, and wherein the damper is attached to the inner side of the bottom wall via an adhesive. - 83. (200) A device comprising: a frame comprising a convex portion of a first mechanical joint and a convex portion of a second mechanical joint; and a cover end portion forming a a first half of the aperture, wherein the &amp;-shaped portion of the first mechanical joint and the convex portion of the second mechanical joint are located at a first side of the mount, wherein the mount is in one of the mounts A second half aperture is formed at the second side, and wherein the mount cover end portion and the mount are configured for attachment to one another. (201) The device of clause (200), wherein the device is cast from a material selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, aluminum, and a composite. (201A) The device of clause (2), wherein the device is cast from ductile iron. (202) A device according to clause (2), (2〇1) or (2〇18), wherein the mount is configured to have a space frame geometry. (203) The device of clause (2〇〇), (2〇1), (2〇1A) or (2〇2), further comprising: a first fastener; and a second fastener; The frame cover end portion includes a first aperture and a second aperture, wherein the bracket includes a third aperture and a fourth aperture, and wherein a portion of the first fastener is mountable to the first An aperture and the second aperture, and a portion of the second fastener is mountable into the second aperture and the fourth aperture for attaching the header end portion to the seat-84 · Shelf. (204) The device of clause (200), (201), (201A), (202) or (203), wherein the first fastener comprises a stud and a nut, and wherein the second fastener comprises another One stud and another nut. (204A) The device of clause (200), (201), (201A), (202) or (203), wherein the first fastener comprises a first screw, and wherein the second fastener comprises a second Screw. (205) The device of clause (200), (201), (201A), (202), (203) or (204), wherein the first aperture and the second aperture are machined to the mount In the cover end portion, and wherein the third aperture and the fourth aperture are machined into the mount, wherein the mount is on the first side of the mount and the second side of the mount There is an open area between them. (206) The device of clause (200), (201), (201A), (202), (203), (204) or (205), wherein the mount is on the first side of the mount and the An open area is included between the second sides of the mount. (207) The device of clause (200), (201), (201A), (202), (203), (204), (205) or (206), wherein the mount is attached to the mount When the end portion is covered, the first half opening and the second half opening form a central hub interface for centering one of the equalizing beams. -85 - 4* 4*M407848 (208) Devices such as clauses (200), (201), (201A), (202), (203), (204), (205), (206) or (207) An angle formed by the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is between 12 degrees and 180 degrees, and wherein an angle formed by the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is 120 Between 180 degrees and degrees. (209) The device of clause (2-8), wherein the angle formed by the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is 160 degrees, and wherein the convex portion is formed by the second mechanical joint This angle is 160 degrees. (209A) The device of clause (2-8) or (209), wherein a top point of the convex portion of the first mechanical joint has been cut, and wherein the convex portion of the second mechanical joint A vertex has been truncated. (21) The apparatus of clause (200), (201), (201A) or (202), wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is configured to be received into one of the first mechanical joints And the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is configured to be received into a concave portion of the second mechanical joint, wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint is located in a first frame One of the spring mounting brackets in the hanging body, and wherein the concave portion of the second mechanical joint is located on a spring mounting bracket in a second frame hanger. The apparatus of clause (21), further comprising: a first fastener; and a second fastener; wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint and the first mechanical joint The concave portion is fastened together via the first fastener and wherein the convex portion of the second mechanical joint and the concave portion of the second mechanical joint are fastened together via the second fastener. (210B) a device such as clause (203), (2〇4), (2〇4A), (205), (206), (207), (2〇8) or (2〇9), wherein the The convex portion of a mechanical joint is configured to be received into a concave portion of the first mechanical joint, and the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is configured to be received into the second mechanical joint In one of the concave portions, wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint is located on a spring mount in a first spring housing, and wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint is located at a second Inside the spring housing - on the spring mount. The apparatus of clause (210A), further comprising: a third fastener; and a fourth fastener, wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint and the concave portion of the first mechanical joint A portion is secured together via the third fastener, and wherein the convex portion of the second mechanical joint and the concave portion of the second mechanical joint are fastened together via the fourth fastener. -87· (21〇D) The device of clause (210), ^L·*, the concave portion of the first mechanical joint includes a first at a vertex of the concave portion of the first mechanical joint a molding, wherein the concave portion of the second mechanical joint includes a second molding at an apex of the concave portion of the second mechanical joint, wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is a vertices of one of the convex portions of the first mechanical joint includes a third fillet, and wherein the convex portion of the second mechanical joint includes a first portion at one of the vertices of the convex portion of the second mechanical joint Four inlays. Lu (210E) The apparatus of clause (21〇D), wherein the first fillet is smaller than the third fillet, and wherein the second fillet is smaller than the fourth fillet. (2U) as in the terms (2〇〇), (201), (201A), (202), (203), (204), (205), (2〇6), (207), (208) or The device of 209), wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is configured to be received into a concave portion of the first mechanical joint, and the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is 卩 、, I Configuring to be received into the *-concave portion of the second mechanical joint, wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint is located on a spring mount in a first spring housing, and wherein the first The concave portion of the two mechanical joints is located on a spring mount in a second spring housing. (212) The apparatus of clause (21〇) or (211), wherein a -88-M407848 preparation strip located at one of the apexes of the concave portion of the first mechanical joint is smaller than a first mechanical joint a fillet on one of the apexes of the convex portion, and wherein a drum strip located at one of the apexes of the concave portion of the second mechanical joint is smaller than a vertex at one of the convex portions of the second mechanical joint The funeral. (213) as provided in clauses (200), (201), (201A), (202), (203), (204), (2〇5) ' (206) ' (207), (208), ( 209), (210), (211)^ or (212), wherein the mount further comprises a convex portion of a third mechanical joint, wherein the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is located at the mount At the first side, wherein the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is configured to be received into a concave portion of the third mechanical joint, and wherein the concave portion of the third mechanical joint is located A third frame is mounted on one of the spring mounts. The device of clause (213), wherein the angle formed by the convex portion of the third mechanical joint is between 12 degrees and 18 degrees. (2H) The device of clause (214), wherein the angle formed by the convex portion of the third mechanical joint is 160 degrees. (U6) The device of clause p14) or (215), wherein a fillet on the apex of the concave portion of the third mechanical joint is smaller than a vertex at one of the convex portions of the third mechanical joint The top panel. (216) The apparatus of clause (214) or (215), wherein the concave portion of the first mechanical joint includes a first inset at one of the apexes of the concave portion of the first mechanical joint -89 - M407848 a strip, wherein the concave portion of the second mechanical joint includes a second fillet at an apex of the concave portion of the second machine, wherein the concave portion of the third mechanical joint is at the third mechanical The apex of one of the concave portions of the joint includes a third molding strip, wherein the convex portion of the first mechanical joint includes a fourth molding strip at a vertex of the convex portion of the first mechanical joint. The convex portion of the second mechanical joint includes a fifth molding at a vertex of the convex portion of the second mechanical joint, and wherein the convex portion of the third mechanical joint is at the third A sixth fillet is included at one of the vertices of the convex portion of the mechanical joint. (216B) The device of clause (216A), wherein the first fillet is smaller than the fourth fillet, wherein the second fillet is smaller than the fifth fillet' and wherein the third fillet is smaller than the sixth fillet . (216) The apparatus of clause (213), wherein one of the apexes of the convex portion of the first mechanical joint is cut, wherein one of the apexes of the convex portion of the second mechanical joint is broken and wherein the third One of the apexes of the convex portion of the mechanical joint is broken. (217) The device of clause (203), wherein the mount includes an open area between the first side of the mount and the second side of the mount, wherein the third aperture includes - The open area of the mount to the through hole of the second side, and M407848, wherein the fourth opening includes a through hole from the open area of the mount to the second side. (218) The device of clause (217), wherein the first fastener comprises a bolt and a nut and wherein the second fastener comprises another bolt and another nut. • 5. Conclusions This work has been described with reference to specific illustrative aspects, but should not be construed in a restrictive sense. Rather, various changes and modifications of the illustrative embodiments may be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims. In addition, it should be understood that any such changes and modifications will be made by those skilled in the art (10) as equivalents to one or more of the following claims and should be at the fullest extent permitted by law. The scope of the patent application covers. Finally, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example or description." Any embodiment that is not necessarily described herein as "exemplary" is to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a vehicle suspension constructed in accordance with the principles disclosed herein; Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the frame hanger assembly and frame assembly illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 3 is an end elevational view of the frame hanger assembly and the frame assembly illustrated in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the frame hanger spring module illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 5 is the frame spring of the frame illustrated in Figure 4 End view of the module; -91· 9 9M407848 Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the frame hanger illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the frame hanger illustrated in Figure 6; Figure 8 is a cutaway view of an exemplary embodiment Figure 8A is a plan view of the shear spring illustrated in Figure 8; Figure 8B is a side elevational view of the shear spring illustrated in Figure 8; Figure 8C is taken along line 8C-8C of Figure 8A FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the shear spring illustrated in FIG. 8A taken along line 8D-8D of FIG. 8A; FIG. 9 is an exemplary embodiment according to an exemplary embodiment. A perspective view of another shear spring; Figure 1 is a gradient spring rate load pad illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a progressive spring rate load pad; Figure 12 is a side elevational view of the spring mount illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 13 is taken along line 13-13 of Figure 12 Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the spring mount illustrated in Figure 12; Figure 15 is a top plan view of the spring mount illustrated in Figure 12; Figure 15 is the spring-loaded mount illustrated in Figure 14 taken along line 15-15 of Figure 14. Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the mount assembly illustrated in Figure 1; Figure Π is a side elevational view of the mount portion of the mount assembly illustrated in Figure 16; Figure 18 is the mount illustrated in Figure 17 Figure 19 is a side view of the frame illustrated by Figure π; Figure 20 is a side elevational view of the assembled equalization beam illustrated in Figure 1; -92- M407848 &gt; Figure 21 of the suspension frame The top plan view 22 of the assembled equalization beam illustrated in FIG. 20 is another side elevational view constructed in accordance with the principles disclosed herein; FIG. 23 is a side elevation view of the suspension constructed in accordance with the principles disclosed herein. Figure; 'Figure 24Α and circle 24Β are in accordance with the principles disclosed herein. Operating characteristics of the suspension frame made of related graphical representation;

25 is a side elevational view of an alternative frame hanger assembly for use in a suspension constructed in accordance with the principles disclosed herein; FIG. 26 is a side elevational view of the frame hanger assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; Figure 28 is an end elevational view of the frame hanger assembly illustrated in Figure 26; Figure 29 is a side elevational view of the spring housing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; Figure 30 FIG. 31 is an end elevational view of the spring housing illustrated in FIG. 29; FIG. 32 is a spring illustrated in FIG. 29 taken along line 32-32 of FIG. Figure 33 is a cross-sectional view of the magazine housing illustrated in Figure 31 taken along line 33-33 of Figure 31; Figure 34 is a side elevational view of the load pad in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Figure 35 is a top plan view of the load pad illustrated in Figure 34; Figure 36 is an end view of the load pad illustrated in Figure 34; Figure 37 is the load illustrated in Figure 34 taken along line 37-37 of Figure 34.垂直•93- vertical cross-sectional view; Fig. 38 is taken along line 38_38 in Fig. 36 FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a spring mount according to an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 40 is a top plan view of the spring mount illustrated in FIG. 39; and FIG. 41 is a spring mount illustrated in FIG. Figure 42 is an end view of the spring mount illustrated in Figure 39; Figure 43 is a side elevational view of the spring mount illustrated in Figure 42 taken along line A_A of Figure 42; Figure 41 is a side elevational view of the mount according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 46 is a bottom plan view of the mount illustrated in Figure 45; Figure 47 is an end elevational view of the mount illustrated in Figure 45; Figure 48 is a perspective view of the end portion of the mount cover in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; Figure 49 is a side elevational view of the end portion of the mount cover illustrated in Figure 48; Figure 50 illustrates an exemplary substrate of the load pad illustrated in Figure 34; Figure 51 is an exemplary stiffness plate of the load port illustrated in Figure 34; Figure 52 illustrates another load pad in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Perspective view; FIG. 5 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in accordance with an exemplary embodiment A perspective view of another load sheave; FIG. 54 is a graphical representation of operational characteristics that may be obtained using a suspension constructed in accordance with the principles disclosed herein; FIG. 55 is a side elevational view of the frame hanger assembly in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Figure M is a top plan view of the frame hanger assembly illustrated in Figure 55; Figure 57 is an end view of the frame hanger assembly illustrated in Figure 55; Figures 58, 59, 60 and 61 show exemplary suspensions FIG. 62 illustrates an exemplary backing plate; FIGS. 63, 64, 65, 66, and 67 illustrate exemplary frame hangers that may be used in an exemplary suspension frame; FIG. Illustrative suspension assembly; Figure 69 illustrates an exemplary backing plate having a convex portion; Figure 70 illustrates a pair of exemplary frame hangers; Figure 71 illustrates an exemplary suspension assembly; Figure 72 illustrates an illustration with a concave portion And FIG. 73 illustrates a front view of the left and right side faces of the frame hanger shown in FIG. [Main component symbol description] 50 Vehicle suspension frame 52 Vehicle frame assembly 54 Frame hanger assembly 56 Magazine module 58 Frame attachment portion 60 Window opening 62 Top wall 64 Side wall 66 Bottom wall 68 Shear spring • 95· M407848 70 magazine mounting bracket 72 gradient spring rate load pad 74 frame assembly 76 center bushing 78 equalizing beam / movable beam 80 bushing tube / bushing sleeve / end bushing hub 82 frame hanging 84 frame part / suspension Seat 84A Seat 84B Through Hole 86 Seat Cover End Section 86A Seat Cover End Section 86B Through Hole 90 Shock Absorber 92 Capacitor 94 Domed Configuration 96 Load Block 98 Board 99 Through Hole 100 Tab 102 Substrate 104 Elastomer 105 oblique wall 106 top surface

-96- M407848 107 Inclined Wall 108 Ear 109 Through Hole 110 Top Surface 112 Cavity 114 Mounting Mounting Hole 116 Concave Portion 117 Fastener 118 Rack Cover Hole 119a Half Port 119b Half Port 120 Fastener 122 Spring Mounting Mounting Hole 124 Male Section 126 Top Plate 128 Base Plate 130 Side Plate 132 Center Bushing Hub 134 Center Bushing 136 Extra Bushing 138 Span 200 Spring Suspension / Spring Suspension Assembly 202 Frame Hanging Assembly 204 Frame Assembly-97- M407848 250 252 254 255 256 300 302 304 306 308 309 310 311 330 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 Spring suspension part spring module frame hanging assembly frame attachment part bottom wall spring installation Rack / frame hanging assembly / suspension frame rounding / frame interface spring module lower wall upper wall fasteners fasteners through hole / through hole collection frame hanging assembly / hanging frame frame hanging frame hanging spring mold Group spring module lower wall frame assembly vertical wall frame assembly first lower wall end vertical wall • 98 M407848

342 Second lower wall end 344 Spring module / spring housing 345 Internal part 346 Spring mounting bracket 348 Gradient spring rate load pad 350 Shear spring 351 Fastener 352 Shear spring 354 Bottom wall 356 Top wall 357 Depression 358 Side wall 360 Side wall 362 Fastener 364 Spring housing cavity 366 Spring housing cavity 368 Domed configuration 370 Through hole / mounting aperture 371 Through hole 372 Span 380 First lower wall end 381 Second lower wall end 382 Lower wall 383 Hole/Through Hole Set-99-M407848 384 Hole 400 Substrate 402 Stiffness Plate 404 Pad Material 406 First Pad Section 408 Second Pad Section 410 Top Side 412 Bottom Side 414 Edge 416 Top Side 418 Bottom Side 420 Edge 422 Through Hole 424 Ear Port 426 through hole 428 top surface 430 beveled edge 432 beveled edge 452 side 454 side 456 outer frame interface 458 inner frame interface 460 outer frame mounting aperture 461 inner frame mounting aperture

-100· M407848

462 Load pad mounting aperture 464 Top surface 466 Wall portion 468 Wall portion 470 Volume 471 Horizontal span 472 Cavity 480 Spring mounting bracket 482 Concave portion 500 Suspension assembly 502 Frame hang 504 Frame hang 506 Pad 507 Attached Hole set/pad 508 movable beam 509 attachment hole set 510 mount assembly 512 window opening 514 window opening 516 spring mount 518 spring mount 520 shear spring 521 gradient spring rate load pad 522 shear spring M407848 524 Shear Spring 526 Shear Spring 530 Gradient Spring Rate Load Pad 532 Mounting Frame Assembly 540 Top Wall 541 Outer Side Wall 542 Side Wall 543 External Side Wall 544 Side Wall 545 Frame Hanging Bottom 546 Bottom Wall 548 Cavity 549 Flange 550 Centerline 551 Attached Hole Set 552 Attachment Hole Set / Top Wall 553 Flange 554 Side Wall 556 Side Wall 557 External Side Wall 558 Bottom Wall 559 External Side Wall 560 Cavity 561 Frame Hanging Bottom M407848 562 Center Line 564 Attaching Hole Set 566 Attaching Hole Set 579 Edge 580 frame hanging 582 attachment hole set 583 flange 584 attachment hole 586 attachment hole set 588 window opening 590 top wall 592 side wall 594 side wall 596 bottom wall 599 frame hanging bottom 602 frame hanging 604 frame hanging 612 window opening 614 window opening 640 top wall 641 frame hanging bottom wall 642 side wall 644 side wall 645 Outer sidewall portion M407848 646 Bottom wall 647 External sidewall portion 648 Cavity 650 Backing plate portion 651 Attaching hole set 652 Attaching hole set / Top wall 653 Attaching hole set 654 Side wall 655 Flange 656 Side wall 657 Flange 658 Bottom wall 660 cavity 663 pad channel 664 attachment hole set 666 attachment hole set 900 suspension assembly 902 frame hanging 904 frame hanging 906 frame hanging 908 shear spring 910 spring mount 912 gradient spring rate load pad 914 shear spring

-104- M407848

916 Shear Spring 917 Spring Mount 918 Gradient Spring Rate Load Pad 920 Shear Spring 922 Shear Spring 924 Gradient Bullet Rate Load Pad 926 Shear Spring 928 Spring Mount 930 Pad 932 Pad 978 Attachment Hole Set 979 Attached Hole set 980 frame hanging 981 frame hanging 982 flange 983 flange 984 concave part 985 concave part 986 attachment hole set 987 attachment hole set 995 pad 996 attachment hole set 997 attachment hole set 998 convex part M407848 999 convex part 1000 pad 1001 concave part 1002 concave part

Claims (1)

M407848 VI. Patent Application Range: 1 - A type of pad comprising: a plate detachably attached to a first frame hanger and a second frame hanger, wherein the panel includes - a first attachment hole a collection, the first attachment hole set. Corresponding to the first frame attachment at one of the attachment hole sets, wherein the plate includes a third attachment hole set, the b attachment hole set Φ corresponding to the second One of the frame attachment attachment hole sets, wherein the plate is adapted to be attached to the first frame hanger such that a centerline of one of the spring pockets in the first frame hanger and a second frame hanger are included a plane of a centerline of a spring cavity passing through the plate, wherein the plane is parallel or substantially parallel to a bottom of one of the first frame hangers and a bottom of the second frame hanger; and wherein the first frame hanger The centerline of the spring cavity therein substantially coincides with the centerline of the spring cavity in the second frame hanger. 2. The pad of claim 1, wherein the first set of attachment holes comprises a plurality of attachment holes, and wherein the second set of attachment holes comprises a plurality of attachment holes. 3. The pad of the claim item, wherein the first set of attachment holes comprises only one attachment hole, and wherein the second set of attachment holes comprises only one attachment hole. For example, the pad of claim 1 Wherein the plate includes a first convex portion corresponding to one of the first concave portions of the first frame hanger, and 107- M407848 wherein the plate includes a second convex portion, the first The second convex portion corresponds to one of the second concave portions on the second frame hanger, wherein the first attachment hole set is located at the first convex portion, and wherein the first attachment hole set is located at the second 5. The slab of claim 4, wherein the first convex portion and the first concave portion are formed when the first convex portion is placed into the first concave portion a first mechanical joint, and wherein when the second convex portion is placed into the second concave portion, the second convex portion and the second concave portion form a first joint. *6. The pad of claim 1, wherein the plate comprises a first concave portion, the a first convex portion concave on the first frame hanger, wherein the knife should include a second concave portion, and the second concave shape is a second convex shape on the second frame hanger a portion of the knife corresponding to the first attachment hole set at the first concave portion - the second attachment hole set is located in the second recess and 7. the pad of claim 6, the concave W knife Wherein when the first convex portion is placed, the first convex portion is a mechanical joint in the concave portion of the whistle, and the B knives and the first concave portion form 1 when the second convex portion is When the shaped portion is placed, the second convex portion of the fish D-shaped portion is in the first concave portion of the second mechanical-108-joint. A seesaw comprising: - a plate, which is detachable Attached to the first frame hanger comprising a first frame hanger to the frame rail attachment aperture set, and a second frame hanger comprising a second frame hanger to the frame attachment aperture set, wherein the panel comprises - a first attachment hole set, the first attachment hole set corresponding to one of the first frame hanging places a set of attachment holes, wherein the plate includes a second set of attachment holes corresponding to one of the set of eyelet attachment holes at the second frame hanger, and wherein the plate is adapted to be attached Up to the first frame hanger and the second frame hanger such that when the panel is attached to the first frame hanger and the second frame hanger, the panel is located below the first frame hanger to frame rail attachment hole set And at a position below the second frame hanger to the frame rail attachment hole set. A suspension assembly comprising: a first frame hanger 'which comprises a first set of one or more attachment holes and An opening adapted to receive one or more spring elements; a first frame hanger 'which includes a second set of one or more attachment holes and an opening adapted to receive one or more spring elements; a backing plate comprising a third set of one or more attachment apertures and a fourth set of one or more attachment apertures; wherein the first set and one or one of the one or more attachment apertures are inserted One or more of the third set of plurality of attachment holes a fastener fastens the first backing plate to the first frame hanger, and M407848 is inserted through the second set and one or more attachment holes of a ^^Vm ¢.. The third person ^ vote. - or a plurality of second fasteners fasten the first backing plate to the first frame hanger, and wherein the seesaw is positioned when the seesaw is attached to the first frame hanger and the second frame hanger A plane substantially parallel to the first frame 牟 苏 兮 兮 及 及 and the frame attachment surface of the second frame hanger. 10. The suspension assembly of claim 9, wherein the first frame hanger further ir. ^ ^ /& 祜 the first frame hanger to the frame rail attachment hole set, and wherein the second frame hanger further comprises a The first frame hanger of the straw is attached to the frame rail attachment hole. The suspension assembly of claim 9, wherein the first frame hanger includes an opening defined at least in part by a first side wall, wherein the first side wall includes a first cavity, ^ ° The cavity is configured to hold a first end of a first shear spring, wherein the second frame hanger includes an opening defined at least in part by a wall, wherein the second sidewall includes a second cavity, a second cavity of the flute for holding a first end of a second shear spring, wherein the first pad is attached to the first frame hanger such that a center line of the first cavity is included The two sides of the second cavity pass through the slab, wherein the plane is parallel or substantially parallel to a bottom of the -110·M407848 of the first frame hanger, and wherein the first cavity 12. The suspension of the centerline and the second cavity. 12. The suspension assembly of claim 9, wherein the first fastener and the second fastener are selected from the group consisting of: Bolts and nuts, embossed fasteners, rivets, screws and threads Spiral-shaped needle. 13. The suspension assembly of claim 9, further comprising: a second backing plate comprising a fifth set of attachment holes and a sixth set of holes, wherein the first fasteners inserted through the fifth set of attachment holes fasten the second backing plate to The first frame hanger, and the second fasteners inserted through the sixth attachment aperture, secure the second pad to the second frame hanger. 14. The suspension assembly of claim 13, wherein the first backing plate and the second backing plate have similar height, width and depth dimensions. 15. The suspension assembly of claim 13, wherein the first frame hanger comprises a first flange including an inner side and an outer side, wherein the second frame hanger comprises a second convex portion including an inner side and an outer side a first set of one or more attachment holes on the first flange, The first set of one or more attachment holes are located in the second flange - 11U M407848, wherein the first pad abuts the inner side of the first flange and the inner side of the second flange, and wherein the The second pad abuts the outer side of the first flange and the outer side of the second flange. The suspension assembly of claim 13, wherein the first frame hanger further comprises a first flange, wherein the second frame hanger further comprises a second flange, wherein - or the plurality of attachment holes a first set is located on the first flange, wherein - or the second set of the plurality of attachment holes is located on the second flange, wherein the first pad abuts the first flange and the second protrusion a rim, and wherein the second pad abuts the first pad. 17. The suspension assembly of claim 9, wherein the first frame hanger comprises a first spring mount, a first load pad, and a first pair of shears on opposite sides of the first spring mount Cutting the spring, and wherein the second frame hanger comprises a second spring mount, a second load pad, and a second pair of shear springs on opposite sides of the second spring mount. 18. The suspension assembly of claim 9, wherein the first frame hanger further comprises a first flange forming a first-to-pad passage and a second flange, wherein the second frame is inserted into - The step includes forming a third pad and a fourth flange of the second pad channel - 112 · M407848, and wherein one of the first pads is partially located in the first pad channel, and the first pad Another portion of the plate is located within the second pad channel. • A suspension assembly comprising: a first frame hanger comprising one of a plurality of pad attachment holes; a second frame hanger comprising one or more pads a third set of one of the attachment holes Φ two sets and one or more pad attachment holes; a second frame hanger comprising a fourth set of one or more pad attachment holes; a backing plate detachably attachable to the first frame hanger via one or more fasteners disposed by the one or more pads attached thereto, and may also be placed Removably attached to the second frame hanger by one or more fasteners of the second set of one or more pad attachment holes; and a first seesaw that can be placed through one or One or more fasteners of the third set of plurality of seesaw attachment holes are detachably attached to the first frame hanger and may also be placed through one or more pad attachment holes The fourth set of one or more fasteners is removably attached to the third frame hanger. 20) The suspension assembly of claim 19, further comprising: a shelf assembly attached to the first frame hanger, the second frame hanger, and the third frame hanger. -113-